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计算题1、康康歌舞厅是一家大型娱乐场所，每月点歌等收入50万元左右，组织歌舞表演收入150万元左右，提供水酒烟等商品收入50万元左右，歌舞城总营业额合计250万元左右。其水酒烟等商品销售收入占总营业额不足50%，统一缴纳营业税。请进行税收筹划。（本题6分：方案一2分，方案二2分，结论及依据2分）（提示：歌舞厅营业税率为20%方案一：未进行筹划方案二：歌舞城将销售水酒烟的部门独立成一家独立核算的小型超市，将组织歌舞表演的部门独立成一家独立核算的文艺公司。超市属小规模纳税人。）答：方案一：应纳税额（50+150+50）*20%=50.00方案二：应纳营业税税额50*20%+150*3%=14.5 应纳增值税税额50*4%=2 应纳税额合计14.5+2=16.52、大星科技公司主要提供证券实时行情的服务，所销售的信息接收机每台2400元(不含税)，安装调试费每次800元，服务费每年800元。该公司预计2007年9月份可以安装500台。该项业务属于混合销售行为，接收机的销售额占到总销售额的60%。请进行税收筹划。（本题6分：方案一2分，方案二2分，结论及依据2分）（提示： 方案一：未进行税收筹划。 方案二：销售经理提出了一项促销建议，增加了信息服务的内容，不仅包括证券信息，将外汇、期货、餐饮、旅游、打折商品均纳入提供的信息范围，同时提高年服务费为2400元，安装调试费仍为800元，但信息接收机由于生产厂商增多，竞争激烈而将为每台800元。这样，营业税应税劳务销售额占到总销售额的80%）答：方案一增值税销项税额（2400+800+800）*17%*500=340000.00 假定信息接收机是按进价卖出，则进项税为2400*17%*500=204000.00 应纳增值税税额为340000-204000=136000.00方案二应纳税额合计（800+800+2400）*5%*500=100000筹划比未筹划节税136000-100000=36000元可见，即使增值税进项税能够按最高可能抵扣缴纳增值税的负担也高于营业税，原因在于服务部分无进项税抵扣，要按17%缴税。故方案二较好3、红星汽车有限公司，既生产税率为12的小汽车，又生产税率为20的小汽车。2009年销售额合计8000万元，企业未分开核算，按20%的税率计交了消费税。请进行纳税筹划。（提示：方案一为合并核算；方案二为分开核算，分开核算时可自行设定不同税率下的营业额。）（本题6分：方案一2分，方案二2分，结论及依据2分）答：合并核算时应纳的消费税：8000*20%=1600.00分开核算时：税率12的小汽车应纳消费税额4000*12%=480.00 税率20的小汽车应纳消费税额4000*20%=800.00 应纳消费税额合计480+800=1280.00分别核算比合并核算节税1800-1280=520.00决策依据：兼营不同税率应税消费品，应当分别核算，否则将从高适用税率。决策结论：进行税收筹划比未进行节税50-16.5=33.5万元,故方案二比较好.4、福建三明固特汽车轮胎有限公司主要生产和销售各类型的汽车轮胎，其公司地址为三明闽江路22号，法定代表人为张富来，其税号为350402220968667，适用的企业所得税税率为25%。该企业实行查账征收方式纳税，据实预缴。（本题12分，数据每空1分、时间和签名合计1分）相关资料：第三季度本年累计营业收入18300000.0059300000.00营业成本16800000.0054500000.00利润总额1200000.004500000.00根据上述资料，2008年10月9日办理第三季度企业所得税纳税申报。四.简答题1、什么是税收筹划？税收筹划的特点有哪些？（7分）答案 ：纳税筹划是指在保障国家利益的前提下，在税法允许的范围内，在纳税义务发生之前通过对投资、经营、理财等进行周密筹划，实现纳税最小化、企业价值最大化的一种经济行为。税收筹划具有合法性、筹划性、整体性、目的性、专业性和风险性等特点。2、简述土地增值税的筹划方法。（7分）答案：土地增值税的筹划方法如下：（1）利用分设公司的方式进行筹划-拆分增值额控制增值率；当前我国土地增值税采用的是四级超率累进税率，即转让房地产的收入越高，其增值率越高，适用的税率就越高，缴纳税款就越多。因此，纳税人在销售过程中，可以考虑增加销售环节，将高增值额分解成低增值额，通过这种方式，可以将高增值率调节到低增值率范围来有效降低土地增值税税率。在实际操作中，房地产企业可以单独成立销售公司，将增值额在两公司之间进行调整，来降低税率。（2）巧用扣除项目进行筹划-借款利息扣除方法的运用土地增值税暂行条例实施细则关于房地产开发费用中的利息支出做了明确规定，房地产企业在实际筹划中，要根据自身资本结构特点，选择最优的扣除方法。如果资产负债率较高，外借资金比例较大，利息费用比重较大，应该选择据实扣除的方法，反之，限额扣除的方法更有利（3）利用税收优惠政策进行筹划-利用普通标准住宅起征点土地增值税暂行条例实施细则关于建造普通标准住宅的税收优惠政策如下：增值额未超过扣除项目金额20%的，免征他的增值税；如果超过20%的，应就其全部增值额按规定计税。因此，对于开发普通住宅的房地产企业在确定销售价格时，要充分考虑提高售价带来的收益与多缴税款或减少收入与少缴税款之间做出比较，做出最优筹划方案。3、简述营业税转嫁式筹划的方法？（8分）答案：进行营业税税负转嫁可以从三个方面入手：（1）企业与企业之间进行转嫁。假设甲企业为一服务业，若其营业状况不佳，则很难通过服务将营业税转嫁给接受服务的消费者，而只能千方百计地将税负转嫁给卖者，以减轻自己的税收负担。（2）企业与个人之间进行转嫁。以上述甲企业为例，若甲企业营业状况相当好，消费者也愿意在此消费，则甲企业就具备了前转的条件，即将营业税转嫁给消费者，由众多的消费者共同承担。但甲企业应掌握好提价的幅度，若提价幅度过大，可能伤害消费者的积极性，反而降低了营业利润，得不偿失，若提价幅度过小，则转嫁效果不明显。（3）企业内部转嫁。仍以甲企业为例，甲企业可以通过提高服务质量、降低营业成本等手段来自我消化所承担的税收，这样，也就不至于影响整个经济过程的运行。企业在进行营业税转嫁筹划时，应同时考虑三种不同的转嫁方式，并结合自身的特点，选择适合自己的转嫁方式。4、某大型国有企业(简称A企业)因产品转型、企业改制，造成部分房产主要是仓库闲置，下岗失业人员增加，为了盘活资产，增加效益，该企业准备对闲置的房产进行经营。该企业的基本情况为：闲置房产建于1970年，原值3000万元(现在市场价也在3000万元左右)，使用年限40年，无残值，年折旧75万元；对闲置的房产进行整修，组织下岗失业人员进行物业管理，管理成本50万元年；物流公司B拟租赁该房产，作为物流周转、仓储货物之用。为了便于分析，不考虑其他经营业务、资金时间价值及其他税种的影响，A企业城建税税率7，教育费附加为3。 A企业拟采用经营方式对物流公司B出租，合同为1000万元年。 纳税合计=55+120+231=406(万元)。根据提供的资料，为A企业设计纳税筹划方案。（8分）答案：方案一：建议A企业将租赁合同分解为租赁和物业管理服务两项合同，租赁合同金额800万元年，物业管理服务合同金额200万元年。 方案二：B公司在接受A企业物业管理服务的同时，还招聘人员对仓储的货物进行收发保管，一年另支付收发保管费50万元。A企业从物业管理人员中抽调部分精干人员加强对B公司仓储货物知识的学习，对B公司的货物进行全方位的仓储保管服务。请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2016年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Basketball can make a true claim to being the only major sport that is an American invention. From high school to the professional level, basketball attracts a large following for live games as well as television coverage of events like the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) annual tournament and the National Basketball Association (NBA) and Womens National Basketball Association (WNBA) playoffs. And it has also made American heroes out of its player and coach legends like Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, Earvin Magic Johnson, Sheryl Swoopes, and other great players. At the heart of the game is the playing space and the equipment. The space is a rectangular, indoor court. The principal pieces of equipment are the two elevated baskets, one at each end (in the long direction) of the court, and the basketball itself. The ball is spherical in shape and is inflated. Basket-balls range in size from 28.5-30 in (72-76 cm) in circumference, and in weight from 18-22 oz (510-624 g). For players below the high school level, a smaller ball is used, but the ball in mens games measures 29.5-30 in (75-76 cm) in circumference, and a womens ball is 28.5-29 in (72-74 cm) in circumference. The covering of the ball is leather, rubber, composition, or synthetic, although leather covers only are dictated by rules for college play, unless the teams agree otherwise. Orange is the regulation color. At all levels of play, the home team provides the ball. Inflation of the ball is based on the height of the balls bounce. Inside the covering or casing, a rubber bladder holds air. The ball must be inflated to a pressure sufficient to make it rebound to a height (measured to the top of the ball) of 49-54 in (1.2-1.4 m) when it is dropped on a solid wooden floor from a starting height of 6 ft (1.80 m) measured from the bottom of the ball. The factory must test the balls, and the air pressure that makes the ball legal in keeping with the bounce test is stamped on the ball. During the intensity of high school and college tourneys and the professional playoffs, this inflated sphere commands considerable attention. Basketball is one of few sports with a known date of birth. On December 1, 1891, in Springfield, Massachusetts, James Naismith hung two half-bushel peach baskets at the opposite ends of a gymnasium and out-lined 13 rules based on five principles to his students at the International Training School of the Young Mens Christian Association (YMCA), which later became Springfield College. Naismith (1861-1939) was a physical education teacher who was seeking a team sport with limited physical contact but a lot of running, jumping, shooting, and the hand-eye coordination required in handling a ball. The peach baskets he hung as goals gave the sport the name of basketball. His students were excited about the game, and Christmas vacation gave them the chance to tell their friends and people at their local YMCAs about the game. The association leaders wrote to Naismith asking for copies of the rules, and they were published in the Triangle, the school newspaper, on January 15,1892. Naismiths five basic principles center on the ball, which was described as large, light, and handled with the hands. Players could not move the ball by running alone, and none of the players was restricted against handling the ball. The playing area was also open to all players, but there was to be no physical contact between players; the ball was the objective. To score, the ball had to be shot through a horizontal, elevated goal. The team with the most points at the end of an allotted time period wins. Early in the history of basketball, the local YMCAs provided the gymnasiums, and membership in the organization grew rapidly. The size of the local gym dictated the number of players; smaller gyms used five players on a side, and the larger gyms allowed seven to nine. The team size became generally established as five in 1895, and, in 1897, this was made formal in the rules. The YMCA lost interest in supporting the game because 10-20 basketball players monopolized a gymnasium previously used by many more in a variety of activities. YMCA membership dropped, and basketball enthusiasts played in local halls. This led to the building of basketball gymnasiums at schools and colleges and also to the formation of professional leagues. Although basketball was born in the United States, five of Naismiths original players were Canadians, and the game spread to Canada immediately. It was played in France by 1893; England in 1894; Australia, China, and India between 1895 and 1900; and Japan in 1900. From 1891 through 1893, a soccer ball was used to play basketball. The first basketball was manufactured in 1894. It was 32 in (81 cm) in circumference, or about 4 in (10 cm) larger than a soccer ball. The dedicated basketball was made of laced leather and weighed less than 20 oz (567 g). The first molded ball that eliminated the need for laces was introduced in 1948; its construction and size of 30 in (76 cm) were ruled official in 1949. The rule-setters came from several groups early in the 1900s. Colleges and universities established their rules committees in 1905, the YMCA and the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) created a set of rules jointly, state militia groups abided by a shared set of rules, and there were two professional sets of rules. A Joint Rules Committee for colleges, the AAU, and the YMCA was created in 1915, and, under the name the National Basketball Committee (NBC) made rules for amateur play until 1979. In that year, the National Federation of State High School Associations began governing the sport at the high school level, and the NCAA Rules Committee assumed rule-making responsibilities for junior colleges, colleges, and the Armed Forces, with a similar committee holding jurisdiction over womens basketball. Until World War II, basketball became increasingly popular in the United States especially at the high school and college levels. After World War II, its popularity grew around the world. In the 1980s, interest in the game truly exploded because of television exposure. Broadcast of the NCAA Championship Games began in 1963, and, by the 1980s, cable television was carrying regular season college games and even high school championships in some states. Players like Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain, and Lew Alcindor (Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) became nationally famous at the college level and carried their fans along in their professional basketball careers. The womens game changed radically in 1971 when separate rules for women were modified to more closely resemble the mens game. Television interest followed the women as well with broadcast of NCAA championship tourneys beginning in the early 1980s and the formation of the WNBA in 1997. Internationally, Italy has probably become the leading basketball nation outside of the United States, with national, corporate, and professional teams. The Olympics boosts basketball internationally and has also spurred the womens game by recognizing it as an Olympic event in 1976. Again, television coverage of the Olympics has been exceptionally important in drawing attention to international teams. The first professional mens basketball league in the United States was the National Basketball League (NBL), which debuted in 1898. Players were paid on a per-game basis, and this league and others were hurt by the poor quality of games and the ever-changing players on a team. After the Great Depression, a new NBL was organized in 1937, and the Basketball Association of America was organized in 1946. The two leagues came to agree that players had to be assigned to teams on a contract basis and that high standards had to govern the game; under these premises, the two joined to form the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1949. A rival American Basketball Association (ABA) was inaugurated in 1967 and challenged the NBA for college talent and market share for almost ten years. In 1976, this league disbanded, but four of its teams remained as NBA teams. Unification came just in time for major television support. Several womens professional leagues were attempted and failed, including the Womens Professional Basketball League (WBL) and the Womens World Basketball Association, before the WNBA debuted in 1997 with the support of the NBA. James Naismith, originally from Al-monte, Ontario, invented basketball at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891. The game was first played with peach baskets (hence the name) and a soccer ball and was intended to provide indoor exercise for football players. As a result, it was originally a rough sport. Although ten of Naismiths original thirteen rules remain, the game soon changed considerably, and the founder had little to do with its evolution. The first intercollegiate game was played in Minnesota in 1895, with nine players to a side and a final score of nine to three. A year later, the first five-man teams played at the University of Chicago. Baskets were now constructed of twine nets but it was not until 1906 that the bottom of the nets were open. In 1897, the dribble was first used, field goals became two points, foul shots one point, and the first professional game was played. A year later, the first professional league was started, in the East, while in 1900, the first intercollegiate league began. In 1910, in order to limit rough play, it was agreed that four fouls would disqualify players, and glass backboards were used for the first time. Nonetheless, many rules still differed, depending upon where the games were played and whether professionals, collegians, or YMCA players were involved. College basketball was played from Texas to Wisconsin and throughout the East through the 1920s, but most teams played only in their own regions, which prevented a national game or audience from developing. Professional basketball was played almost exclusively in the East before the 1920s, except when a team would barnstorm into the Midwest to play local teams, often after a league had folded. Before the 1930s very few games, either professional or amateur, were played in facilities suitable for basketball or with a perfectly round ball. Some were played in arenas with chicken wire separating the players from fans, thus the word cagers, others with posts in the middle of the floor and often with balconies overhanging the corners, limiting the areas from which shots could be taken. Until the late 1930s, all players used the two-hand set shot, and scores remained low. Basketball in the 1920s and 1930s became both more organized and more popular, although it still lagged far behind both baseball and college football. In the pros, five urban, ethnic teams excelled and played with almost no college graduates. They were the New York Original Celtics; the Cleveland Rosenblums, owned by Max Rosenblum; Eddie Gottliebs Philadelphia SPHAs (South Philadelphia Hebrew Association); and two great black teams, the New York Renaissance Five and Abe Sapersteins Harlem Globetrotters, which was actually from Chicago. While these teams had some notable players, no superstars, such as Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey, or Red Grange, emerged to capture the publics attention as they did in other sports of the period. The same was true in college basketball up until the late 1930s, with coaches dominating the game and its development. Walter Doc Meanwell at Wisconsin, Forrest Phog Allen at Kansas, Ward Piggy Lambert at Purdue, and Henry Doc Carlson at Pittsburgh all made significant contributions to the games development: zone defenses, the weave, the passing game, and the fast break. In the decade preceding World War II, five events changed college basketball and allowed it to become a major spectator sport. In 1929, the rules committee reversed a decision that would have outlawed dribbling and slowed the game considerably. Five years later, promoter Edward Ned Irish staged the first intersectional twin bill in Madison Square Garden in New York City and attracted more than 16,000 fans. He demonstrated the appeal of major college ball and made New York its center. In December 1936, Hank Luisetti of Stanford revealed the virtues of the one-handed shot to an amazed Garden audience and became the first major collegiate star. Soon thereafter, Luisetti scored an incredible fifty points against Duquesne, thus ending the Easts devotion to the set shot and encouraging a more open game. In consecutive years the center jump was eliminated after free throws and then after field goals, thus speeding up the game and allowing for more scoring. In 1938, Irish created the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in the Garden to determine a national champion. Although postseason tournaments had occurred before, the NIT was the first with major colleges from different regions and proved to be a great financial success. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) created its own postseason tournament in 1939 but did not rival the NIT in prestige for some time. The 1940s saw significant changes for college basketball. Players began using the jump shot after Kenny Sailors of Wyoming wowed the East with it in 1943. The behind-the-back dribble and pass also appeared, as did exceptional big men. Bob Kurland at Oklahoma A&M was almost seven feet tall and George Mikan at DePaul was six feet ten inches. While Kurland had perhaps the better college career and played in two Olympics, he chose not to play professional ball, whereas Mikan became the first dominant star in the pros. Their defensive play inspired the rule against goal tending (blocking a shot on its downward flight). Adolph Rupp, who played under Phog Allen, also coached the first of his many talented teams at Kentucky in that decade. However, in 1951, Rupp and six other coaches suffered through a point-shaving scandal that involved thirty-two players at seven colleges and seriously injured college basketball, particularly in New York, where four of the seven schools were located. While the game survived, the NCAA moved its tournament away from Madison Square Garden to different cities each year and the NITs prestige began to decline. Professional basketball remained a disorganized and stodgy sport up until the late 1940s, with barnstorming still central to the game and most players still using the set shot. In 1946, however, hockey owners, led by Maurice Podoloff, created the Basketball Association of America (BAA) in the East to fill their arenas, but few fans came, even after Joe Fulks of Philadelphia introduced the jump shot. The BAAs rival, the National Basketball League, had existed since the 1930s, had better players, like Mikan of the Minneapolis Lakers, Bob Davies of the Rochester Royals, and Dolph Shayes of the Syracuse Nationals, but operated in much worse facilities and did not do much better at attracting audiences. In 1948, Podoloff lured the Lakers, Royals, and two other teams to the BAA and proposed a merger of the two leagues for the 19491950 season. The result was the National Basketball Association (NBA), with Podoloff its first commissioner. The seventeen-team league struggled at first but soon reduced its size and gained stability, in large part because of Mikans appeal and Podoloffs skills. Despite the point-shaving scandal, college ball thrived in the 1950s, largely because it had prolific scorers and more great players than in any previous decade. Frank Selvy of Furman and Paul Arizin of Villanova both averaged over forty points early in the decade, while Clarence Bevo Francis of tiny Rio Grande College in Ohio amazed fans by scoring 116 points in one game while averaging 50 per game for a season. The decade also witnessed some of the most talented and complete players ever. Tom Gola at LaSalle, Bill Russell at San Francisco, Wilt Chamberlain at Kansas, Elgin Baylor at Seattle, Jerry West at West Virginia, and Oscar Robertson at Cincinnati, all had phenomenal skills that have since been the measure of other players. And in 1960 one of the best teams ever, Ohio State, won the NCAA title led by Jerry Lucas and John Havlicek. Professional basketball underwent major changes in the 1950s that helped increase its popularity. In 1950, Earl Lloyd, from West Virginia, played for the Washington Capitols and became the first African American to play in the NBA. In 1954, Danny Biasone, owner of the Syracuse Nationals, persuaded the NBA to institute t
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