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1abolish vt. 废除；废止 Slavery was abolished in the US. in the 19th century. 美国的奴隶制在19世纪就已经被废除了。 Welfare programs cannot be abolished that quickly. 福利项目不能那么快就被废止。,【词语辨析】 abolish与cancel 这两个动词均含“取消、废除”之意 (1)abolish正式用词，指彻底废除某种制度、规章或习俗。 These superstitious practices should be abolished as soon as possible. 这些迷信做法应尽早取消。 (2)cancel 用法广泛，多指取消债务、合同、证书、比赛、旅行、计划或约会等。 The match had to be cancelled because of bad weather. 比赛因天气不好只得取消。,知识运用 (1)He served 27 years in prison for fighting to_whiteonly rule. Apolish Bpunish Cabolish Ddominate 答案：C 句意：他因参加了废除白人专制统治的斗争而被判服刑27年。abolish在此是“废除”之意。,(2)采用abolish或 cancel的适当形式填空： If the worst comes to the worst, well have to_our holiday plans. There are many bad customs and laws that ought to_. After New China was founded, the old system_and democratic reforms were carried out in one minority area after another. All that preparation was for nothing because the visit_.,答案： cancel 本题题意：要是情况不妙，我们就只好取消度假计划了。 be abolished 本题题意：有许多不良的习俗和法规应予以废除。 was abolished 本题题意：新中国建立之后，少数民族地区先后实行了民主改革，废除了旧制度。 was cancelled 本题题意：因为访问取消了， 一切准备工作都白费了。,2resign v. 辞职，辞去(工作、职务等)；甘心忍受 They overheard him say that he hoped John would resign. 他们无意中听他说希望约翰辞职。 The Minister of Education resigned from office yesterday. 教育部长昨天辞职了。 His father resigned his directorship last year. 他父亲去年辞去了董事职务。,He resigned himself entirely to her will. 他完全顺从了她的意志。 I resigned myself to losing my bike. 我把自行车丢了，感到无可奈何。,知识拓展 (1)resign as. 辞去职务 He resigned as chairman. 他辞去了主席一职。 (2)resign from. 辞去在的职务 She totally resigned from the government. 她正式辞去政府职务。 (3)resign over 因而辞职 Three members of the committee resigned over the issue. 该委员会三名成员因此事辞职。,知识运用 采用适当的介词填空。 (1)He resigned_the company in order to take a more challenging job. (2)He resigned his post_headmaster. (3)He was forced to resign_ill health. 答案：(1)from (2)as (3)over,动词不定式 .动词不定式在句中的作用 动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语或状语。 1作主语： To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 做早操有利于我们的健康。 To know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite another. 懂一点英语是一回事，掌握英语完全又是另一回事。,知识拓展 在很多情况下，尤其是口语中，我们通常用形式主语it来代替不定式作主语，而将不定式移至句子后面去，这样使句子显得比较平稳，避免“头重脚轻”的现象。 It is not an easy thing to master a language. 学好一门语言是不容易的。 It feels good to be out here for a while. 出来在这儿待一会儿是挺舒服的。,2作宾语： Weve decided to experiment with a new method. 我们已经决定用新方法进行实验。 We want to know all about his adventure. 我们想知道他奇遇的一切情况。,知识拓展 1)及物动词(短语)agree, want, wish, hope, refuse, manage, ask, offer, promise, pretend, decide, learn, determine, expect, beg, choose, force, intend, attempt, care, fail, hesitate, claim, long(v.), strive, plan, prepare, would like(love, prefer)等后面要求接动词不定式作宾语。 She had agreed to go and see a movie with him. 她同意和他一起出去看电影。 They walked because they couldnt afford to take a taxi. 他们因为坐不起出租车而步行。,2)当动词不定式作宾语时，若其后跟一个宾语补足语，则往往用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末，以使句子重心后移，即构成句型“主语谓语动词it宾补(形容词或名词)动词不定式(短语)其它成分”。能用于这种句型中的谓语动词常见的有：think, feel, imagine, consider等。 I thought it impossible to arrive there in half an hour. 我认为半小时到达那儿是不可能的。 I feel it my duty to say that you are wrong. 我认为我有责任说你是错误的。,3)动词不定式一般不用作介词的宾语，但是介词(短语)but, except, besides, instead of等后面可以接动词不定式作宾语。 The prisoner had no choice but to obey. 这位囚徒除了服从没有别的选择。 Nothing remained for us to do, except to clean the dishes. 除了洗盘子，我们没有什么事可干。,What else has he done besides(to)read newspaper? 他除了读报，还做了什么事？ The lawyer tried to speak instead of(to)keep silent. 律师不再沉默，要发言了。,知识拓展 若谓语是动词do的各种形式时，介词but, except, besides等后接动词不定式作宾语时，常省略to。例如： He could do nothing but wait till the manager finished his job.他除了等经理完成他的工作外，别无选择。 4)动词(短语)advise, decide, discuss, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show, think, wonder等后面常接“疑问代(副)词动词不定式”结构作宾语。用于这种结构中的疑问代(副)词常见的有what, who(m), which, whether, which, when, where, how等；注意：why不可用于该结构中。另外这种结构还可与介词of, on等连用一起作定语，修饰前面的名词。,No one knew what to do next. 没有人知道下一步该怎样办。 They dont know whether to stay or not. 他们不知道是留还是不留。 I knew when to leave. 我知道何时出发。 Everyone wanted to know how to make silk. 每个人都想了解如何织丝。,Marx gave us some advice on how to master a foreign language. 马克思给我们提出了如何学好外语的建议。 Everyone has his own idea of how to do it. 每个人都有自己如何做这件事的想法。,3作宾补： They told him not to be late again. 他们告诉他不要再迟到了。 The parents dont allow their children to go out at night. 父母不让他们的孩子们晚上外出。 Let him try once more. 让他再试一次。 I saw him enter the room. 我看见他进了房间。,知识拓展 (1)在make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at等动词(短语)后的复合宾语中，不定式要省略to；变为被动语态时，to不能省略，此时不定式作主语补足语。 They were made to work day and night. 他们被迫日夜工作。 The boy was seen to enter the room. 有人看见小男孩走进了房间。,(2)有些动词如think, consider, believe, know, find, expect等用“to be形容词或名词”作宾语补足语，to be有时可省略。 We consider you(to be)the best man for the job. 我们认为你是最适合做这项工作的人。 He thought the answer(to be)interesting. 他认为这个回答很有趣。 They found her(to be)an able woman. 他们发现她是个能干的女士。,4作表语： Your job today is to clean the playground. 你今天的工作是打扫操场。 Her wish is to go to a medical college. 她的愿望是上医学院。,知识拓展 (1)动词不定式往往放在系动词(通常是be)的后面作表语，而become, sound, taste等系动词后面一般不接不定式作表语。动词不定式作表语，往往说明主语的具体内容。 To Dr. Bethune, the most important thing is to save lives. 对白求恩大夫来说，最重要的事是挽救生命。 The boys wish is to become a scientist. 男孩的愿望是成为科学家。,(2)当不定式短语作表语来解释前面从句中含有do/does/did的精确含义时，to常省略。 What we need to do is reduce our use of energy and use natural forms of energy. 我们所要做的事是减少能源消耗和利用各种天然能源。 The only thing(that)you have to do is(to)press the button. 你所要做的唯一一件事就是按一下按钮。,5作定语： Let us give him something to eat. 让我们给他一些东西吃。 We have much homework to do tonight. 今晚我们有许多家庭作业要做。 He has no way to protect crops. 他没有保护庄稼的方法。,知识拓展 (1)动词不定式常常放在名词或不定代词的后面作后置定语，其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语，故动词不定式作定语时往往用主动式；如果动词不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，该动词不定式要用被动式。 He has no place to go. 他无处可去。 Do you have anything to do tonight? 你今晚有什么事要做吗？,I am going to Shanghai tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there? 明天我要去上海，你有什么东西要捎去吗？ (2)不定式作定语，往往表示尚未发生的动作，与所修饰的词构成动宾关系。如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，则必须带有适当的介词。 She is a very nice person to work with. 她是个很好共事的人。 You must find a place for us to live in before dark. 天黑前你必须为我们找个住的地方。,6作状语： She went to the hospital to see her grandfather yesterday. 昨天她去医院看望了她爷爷。 I went to see my aunt only to find her out. 我去看姑姑，不料她出去了。 He jumped with joy to hear the good news. 听到那个消息，他高兴得跳了起来。 Mike raised his hand as if to take off his hat. 迈克举起手，好像要摘掉帽子。,知识拓展 (1)作目的状语。通常放在句末；为了强调目的或意义，也可放在句首。 They took me away from my work just to ask me some questions. 他们要我离开工作只是为了问几个问题。,(2)作结果状语。有时采用enough to, so.as to或too.to这类结构。 What has he done to make you so happy? 他做了什么使你如此高兴？ His wife was so greedy as to ask for things again and again. 他妻子太贪心，一再地索取东西。,(3)作原因状语。常用于“主语be某些形容词动词不定式”结构。 Nice to meet you, too. 我见到你也很高兴。 There is no doubt that Mrs. Li will be glad to look after the boy. 毫无疑问，李太太将很高兴照料这个小男孩。,.动词不定式的否定结构 动词不定式的否定结构由不定式形式之前加上not而构成。 The teacher warned the students not to go skating on thin ice. 老师警告学生不要在薄冰上滑冰。 I beg you not to go there. 我恳求你别去。 He was disappointed not to have been invited. 他未被邀请，感到很失望。 Bill is said not to have been to China. 据说比尔未去过中国。,.带连接代词或连接副词的不定式结构 动词不定式前有时可带连接代词what, which或连接副词how, when, where等。这种结构在句中可作下列成分： (1)作主语 Where to hold the party is not yet known. 在哪里聚会还不知道呢。 When to start the travel has not been decided. 何时开始旅行还未决定。,(2)作表语 The problem is when to start. 问题是何时开始。 Our trouble is how to save electricity. 我们的困难是如何节约电。,(3)作宾语 常用在know, tell, teach, show, find out, decide, wonder, ask等动词后。 He asked me how to repair the TV set. 他问我如何修理电视机。 The blind man didnt know how to get to the right place. 那盲人不知道如何到达要去的地方。,.单项填空 1(2010全国134)With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank_presents for my dad. Abuy Bto buy Cbuying Dto have bought,答案：B 本题题意：父亲节即将来临，我从银行取了些钱给父亲买礼物。本题考查不定式短语在句中担任目的状语。根据时间概念，排除选项D。注意，to have done为不定式的完成式，表示动作或状态发生在谓语动作或特定的某时间之前。例如：I am glad to have seen your mother.(I am glad that I have seen your mother.) 很高兴我见到了你的妈妈。,2(2010山东23) I have a lot of readings_before the end of this term. Acompleting Bto complete Ccompleted Dbeing completed 答案：B 本题题意：我有许多阅读材料需要在学期结束前读完。不定式短语to complete担任后置定语，修饰名词readings，表示“将来”时间概念，时间状语before the end of this term起到了暗示作用。,3(2010上海秋40) That is the only way we can imagine_the overuse of water in students bathrooms. Areducing Bto reduce Creduced Dreduce 答案：B 本题题意：这是我们可以想象到的唯一能够减少学生卫生间过度使用水的方法。不定式短语to reduce the overuse of water in students bathrooms担任后置定语，与定语从句(that)we can imagine共同修饰名词the only way.,4(2010辽宁25) We were astonished_the temple still in its original condition. Afinding Bto find Cfind Dto be found 答案：B 本题题意：那座庙仍旧是原来的状况，这真叫人意想不到。be astonished to do sth表示“做而感到惊异、惊骇等”。,5(2010辽宁34)Its no use having ideas only. Dont worry. Peter can show you_to turn an idea into an act. Ahow Bwho Cwhat Dwhere 答案：A 本题题意：“光有想法没用。”“不用担心，皮特可以教你如何把想法付诸行动。”在及物动词tell, advise, show, teach, learn, decide等之后，常接“疑问词不定式”结构担任宾语。句意和“方式”有关，选用how.,6(2010四川11)In many peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant_. Ato deal with Bdealing with Cto be dealt with Ddealt with 答案：A 本题题意：在许多人看来，那家公司虽然规模相对较小，但很好打交道。不定式(短语)修饰担任表语或补足语的形容词时，不定式(短语)通常采用主动形式表示被动含义。,7My parents have always made me_about myself, even when I was 12. Afeeling well Bfeeling good Cfeel well Dfeel good 答案：D make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事，故用动词原形feel作宾补；feel 作系动词，后跟形容词作表语；well作形容词，意为“身体健康”，不合题意。,8There is nothing more I can try_you to stay, so I wish you good luck. Abeing persuade Bpersuading Cto be persuaded Dto persuade 答案：D try to persuade.“尽力去说服”。I can try.you to stay为定语从句，省略了作try宾语的关系代词that。,9Energy drinks are not allowed_in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. Ato make Bto be made Cto have been made Dto be making 答案：B allow可以构成allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”，且make与energy drinks构成动宾关系，故需用不定式的被动语态。,10The first one_can get the teachers present. Aarrives Barrived Carriving Dto arrive 答案：D 本题题意：最先到的会得到老师的礼物。此处为动词不定式作定语，且存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。,11Would you like to know something about my foreign teacher? Oh, I remember_about her yesterday. Atelling Bbeing told Cto tell Dhaving told,答案：B 本题题意：我记得昨天有人已经把她的情况告诉了我。remember doing sth.“记得已做过某事”。I与tell之间构成被动关系，所以要用being told的形式。,12My computer is out of order and_. Awants to repair Bneeds to be repaired Cneeds to be repairing Drequires being repaired 答案：B need, require, want以物作主语时，后面可跟doing或to be done作宾语，表示被动含义。,13He could do nothing but_for his mother at the bus stop. Ato wait Bwaiting Cwaited Dwait 答案：D 本题题意：他除了在车站等他母亲之外，无事可做。do nothing but do sth.为固定搭配。,14Im sorry, but I didnt mean_out your secret. But you know, letting out ones secret means_ones feelings. Ato let; to hurt Bletting; hurting Cto let; hurting Dletting; to hurt 答案：C 本题题意：“对不起，我并不是有意泄漏你的秘密。”“可是，你知道，泄密意味着伤害他人的情感。”mean to do sth.表示“意欲(打算)做某事”，而mean doing sth.表示“意思是；意味着”。,15Much attention should be paid_peoples living conditions. Ain improving Bto improve Cimproving Dto improving 答案：D 在pay attention to短语中，to是介词，故其后接名词或动名词。在本句中，pay attention to变为了被动语态。,.完成句子 1_(捉弄别人)is wrong. 2He managed_(按时完成了任务) 3The sun_(使万物生长) 4That girls ambition is_(成为一名歌手) 5He has_(许多问题要解决) 6_(为了赶上早班车)，I got up early.,7Its_(路程太远)in one day. 8_(除了等待别无选择)till it stops raining. 9I find these maths exercises_(很容易算出来) 10He warned his son_(酒后决不能开车),答案：1.To play jokes on others 2.to finish the task on time 3makes everything grow 4.to become a singer 5.a lot of problems to deal with 6.To catch the first bus 7.too long a journey to make 8.There is no choice but to wait 9.(are)easy to work out 10.never to drive after drinking,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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