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Unit 1 The written word,Section Grammar & Writing,语法讲座,写作讲座,考点精析,专题练习,佳作观摩,技法指导,专题练习,否定词和否定句,一、常用否定词 1英语中否定含义的表达形式多种多样，可以用not, no, never, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere等否定词来表达否定之意。 We have not signed any agreement. 我们没有签署任何协议。 They never have time to go to the cinema during the weekdays. 他们从星期一到星期五从来都没有时间去看电影。,考题印证1,11(2012江苏高考)Sophia waited for a reply, but_ came. Aeither Banother Cneither Dnone 解析：选 考查代词。根据句中表示转折的连词but可知，此处应用表示全部否定意义的代词，所以排除A项和B项；neither“两者都不”，此处并不表示两者，故排除C。none“一个都没有”，通常用于表示“三者或三者以上都不”，符合句意。,D,12(2012江西高考)My brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop. Anothing Bnone Cno one Dneither 解析：选 考查代词。句意：我哥哥想买一块好表，但是那家店里没有一块他看中的。这里要注意是在那家店里没有买到，就是说店里的任何一块表他都没看中，有一个特定的范围，所以用none。,B,13(2011湖南高考)I knew that _ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. Asomething Banything Ceverything Dnothing 解析：选 考查代词。句意：我知道没有什么能阻止他。他是不会放弃当导演的想法的。 nothing “没有什么”，符合句意。,D,2可以用hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, few等半否定词 来表达否定之意。 Now she hardly had strength to open the carriage door. 此刻她几乎没有力气打开车厢的门。 Unfortunately, very few people have played in this space. 遗憾的是，目前只有极少数的人涉足这个领域。,3可以用含否定意义的前缀a，ab，an，de，dis，il， im，in，ir，non，un，under等构成的词表达否定之意；也可以用后缀less，free，proof等构成的词表达否定之意。 Today it is impossible to cure cancer completely. 目前要完全治愈癌症是不可能的。 Second, it is also useless to worry about the future. 其次，为未来而担忧也是没有用的。,4其他表达否定意义的词组及固定搭配：far from, rather than, other than, free from, would rather . than .等。 Your work is far from being satisfactory. 你的工作一点也不令人满意。 The truth is quite other than what you think. 事实真相同你想的完全不同。,考题印证2,(2011新课标全国卷)The form cannot be signed by anyone _yourself. Arather than Bother than Cmore than Dbetter than 解析： 选 考查介词短语辨析。 句意： 这个表格不能由除你以外的任何人签字。 换言之，这个表格只能由你签字。rather than“而不是”； other than“除了”； more than“多于，超过”； better than“优于”， 故选B项。,B,二、否定句 1全部否定 no，not，never，none，nobody，nothing，nowhere，neither .nor结构均表示完全否定，在汉语中体现为“绝对不”，“没有”，“远不(非)”，“一点也不”，“根本不”，“无论如何也没有”等。 None of my friends smokes. 我的朋友都不吸烟。 The book is nowhere to be found. 那本书哪儿也找不到。,考题印证3,(2012新课标全国卷)Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but _ of them wants to, because they have work to do. Aeither Bany Cneither Dnone 解析：选 考查代词。后半句句意：他们两个都不想去，因为他们都有工作要做。对两者的全部否定用neither。,C,2部分否定 英语中一些含有总括含义的代词、形容词或副词，当用于否定句中时，只否定一部分，而不是完全否定。如all, everybody (everyone), everything, anyone (anybody), anything, anywhere, everywhere, always, quite, both, entirely, altogether等词与not连用时，在汉语中译为“不全是”，“不都是”，“并非全都是”，“不总是”等。 He is not absolutely wrong. 他并不完全错。 Not everyone was for my plan. 并不是每个人都赞同我的计划。,3双重否定 双重否定，意义肯定：指同一句中有两处具有否定含义，但表达的意义是肯定的，通常比肯定句的语气要重。译成汉语时可以译成肯定形式，也可以保持双重否定形式。用于表示双重否定的词或结构有：no . not; no/not . without; cannot but do (不得不); cannot help doing; cannot help but do; without doubt; without fail; not seldom (常常); not displeased (满意的)等。,Nobody does nothing. 人人都要做事。 We cannot help admiring his bravery. 我们不得不佩服他的勇敢。 He is not displeased with my answer. 他对我的回答感到满意。,4某些结构表达否定意义 (1)too .to (太而不能) Hes too small to do that. 他太小了，干不了那件事。 (2)more A than B(与其B不如A)，more than含有can 的从句(不能)。 He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。 Your problem is more than I can deal with. 你的问题我解决不了。,(3)比较级than不定式(不至于做)。 You should know better than to play football in the classroom. 你应该明白不该在教室里踢足球的。 He was wiser than to have done such a thing. 他不至于愚蠢到做出这样的事情。,5连词before，unless等引导的状语从句可以表达否定 意义 He slipped out before the meeting started. 会议还没开始，他就悄悄地溜出去了。 Unless you put on your overcoat, youll catch a cold. 如果你不穿大衣，就会着凉。,考题印证4,(2012福建高考)It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties _ it gets more financial support from the European Union. Aif Bunless Cbecause Dsince 解析：选 考查连词的用法。句意：对希腊政府来说，如果从欧盟得不到更多的财政支援，就很难克服目前的困难。unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句，符合句意。,B,6虚拟语气可以表达否定意义 But for your coming, I should have been very lonely. 要不是你来了，我会感到很寂寞的。,考题印证5,(2011江西高考)We _Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. Awill put Bwill have put Cwould put Dwould have put 解析：选 考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是约翰目前的伤情，我们昨天就会把他的名字列到比赛的名单中了。 but for表示“要不是”，根据 yesterday可知此处表示与过去的事实相反，结合选项可知主句中应用 would have done，故选D。,D,点击下图进入,文学评论,鲁滨逊漂流记是英国小说家丹尼尔笛福(Daniel Defoe)写的一部著名小说。请根据下列要点写一篇书评： 该书出版于1719年，它是一本最流行的历险小说； 简述小说故事的主要情节； 该书部分是根据18世纪苏格兰水手Alexander Selkirk的事 迹写的； 小说描写真实细致，引人入胜。,A Review of Robinson Crusoe This is a novel by the English author Daniel Defoe, published in 1719. It is one of the most popular adventure novels in all literature. It is the story of Robinson Crusoe, an Englishman who is shipwrecked in a lonely tropical island. He builds himself a hut, grows his own food, and becomes selfsufficient. After 23 years he meets with a group of cannibals and rescues one of their prisoners, a young native whom he calls Friday. Crusoe and his “man” Friday become close friends, and when they are finally rescued four years later, both return to England.,Robinson Crusoe was partly based on the actual deeds of Alexander Selkirk, an 18thcentury Scottish sailor who spent almost five years alone on a deserted island. This novel is famous for its lovely details and its expression of belief in mans ability when left alone in nature.,第一段：对作品总体评价并简要介绍故事情节。 第二段：介绍作品创作的素材并点明写作特点。,句中published in 1719为过去分词短语作后置定语； 句中都使用了“同位语who/whom引导定语从句”的句式； 句中使用了状语从句的省略形式。,如何写文学评论 1文学评论是一种以作家、作品、文学创作和文学 思潮作为评论对象的理论文体。文学评论的作者旨在表达自己对文学作品的理解和认识，启发和帮助读者提高阅读水平，对作品的作者提出正确而有益的建议。,2写文学评论可分以下几步： (1)介绍所要评论的文学作品(标题、作者和类型)； (2)简述作品情节； (3)讨论作品的主题和意义； (4)介绍读者对作品的评析。 3评论主体时态通常采用一般现在时，有时也可用现 在完成时。,黄金表达,1. is written by . 2The work is known for . 3. is distinct from . 4I think/In my opinion . 5I am greatly impressed by ,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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