初一英语介词的专项练习.docx

初一英语介词的专项练习一、介词to的常见用法1.动词+toa)动词+ toadjust to适应,attend to处理；照料,agree to赞同,amount to加起来达干杯，get to到达,happen to发生在某人身上,hold to紧握,lead to通向,listen to听,occur to想起,object to反对,point to指向,respond to回答,refer to参考；指的是的力量,be exposed to暴露；遭受,be fair to对公平,be familiar to对某人来说熟悉,be grateful to对某人心存感激,be good to对有好处,be harmful to对有危害,be important to对重要,be kind to友好对待,be known to周知于,be married to嫁给,be moved to转移到,be near to靠近,be necessary to对有必要,be opposite to在对面,be opposed to反对,be pleasant to合某人之意,be proper to专属,be polite to礼貌待人,be rude to粗暴对待,be relative to与有关,be strange to不习惯,be similar to类似,be suitable to适合,be true to忠实,be thankful to感激,be useful to对有用,be used to习惯。3.to+名词构成的词组to a degree在某种程度上, to date到现在为止,to ones feet跳起来，to ones mind照看来, to ones surprise使吃惊,to one开火,glance at瞟一眼, glare at怒目而视, grieve at忧伤，knock at敲,laugh at嘲笑, look at看一眼, pull at拉扯, rejoice at对高兴，smile at向某人微笑, shoot at朝射击, stare at怒目而视,thrust at刺向, tear at撕, tremble at颤抖，wonder at吃惊，work at工作。2. be +形容词/过去分词+ atbe angry at恼怒于, be alarmed at对保持警觉,be astonished at对吃惊, be bad at不擅长, be clever at对某事很灵巧,be delighted at高兴，be disgusted at厌恶, be disappointed at对失望，be good at擅长, be impatient at对不够耐心, be mad at狂热于,be pleased at对感到高兴, be present at出席, be satisfied at满意,be surprised at吃惊, be shocked at对非常震惊，be terrified at受到的恐吓,be quick at对很机敏。3.at+名词构成的词组at a distance在一定距离，at a loss不知所措， at a time一次，at all一点也不，at any cost不惜一切代价，at best最好也只是，at first起初，at hand手头，at heart在内心里，at home在家；无拘束，at last最后，at least至少，at most最多，at once马上，at present目前。三、介词on的常见用法on的用法比较重要，本文介绍它的一些常见用法：1.动词+ona)动词+ on要认真区分下面一些词组act on对有作用, bring on促使；导致, call on拜访某人,count on依赖, carry on执行,depend on取决, feed on以为生,figure on料想；推断, go on继续,have on穿着, insist on坚持,keep on继续, lean on依赖, live on以为生, pull on迅速穿上,put on穿上, switch on接通（电源）, take to喜欢；养成；轻易学会，turn on接通（电源）, work on操作, wait on侍候。b)动词+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)base on以为基础, congratulate on恭贺, fix on固定, have mercy on怜悯,have pity on怜惜, keep watch on监视, spend on把时间、精力花在某方面。2.be+形容词+on的词组be dependent on依赖, be hard on对某人苛刻,be impressed on对印象深刻, be keen on渴望, be strict on对严格。3.on+名词构成的词组on board乘（车,飞机）,on call听候召唤, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire着火, on foot步行，on guard在岗，on hire雇用，on holiday度假四、介词in的常见用法1.动词+ina)动词+ inbelieve in信任, break in碎成，bring in引起；产生；带来, call in下令收回, fill in填充,get in收获, hand in上缴, involve in涉及, lie in在于, result in导致, share in共享,succeed in成功, take in卷起；订阅, turn in归还当局。b)动词+sb./time/money+ inhelp sb. in帮助某人做某事, spare time/money in匀出时间或钱做某事,spend time/money in花时间或钱做某事,waste time/money in浪费时间或钱做某事。2. be +形容词+ inbe active in活跃于,be absorbed in专心致志, be busy in忙碌, be born in出生于,be concerned in牵涉, be clothed in穿着, be disappointed in对失望,be diligent in勤于, be experienced in在有经验, be employed in任职于,be engaged in忙碌, be expert in某方面的专家, be excellent in在优秀,be interested in对跌落, hang from垂挂, hear from收到来信,learn from向某人学习, return from自某地返回，rise from自冒出, result from起因于, suffer from忍受。b)动词+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a placeborrow from向借, choose from选自, excuse from免除, keep from阻止做,prevent from不准做, protect from不受之害, receive from收到,remove from移动；除去, save from保全；拯救, separate from分离开来,stop from阻止。2. be +形容词+ frombe absent from缺席,be different from与众不同, be far from更不用说, be hidden from躲避,be made from用制成, be tired from因而疲倦。3.fromtofrom bad to worse每况愈下，from beginning to end自始至终，from cover to cover从头到尾，from China to Peru到处，from day to day一天一天地，from door to door挨家挨户，from end to end从头至尾，from first to last自始至终，from hand to mouth勉强糊家，from head to foot从头到脚，from mouth to mouth广泛流传，from sun to sun从日出到日落，from start to finish从头开始，from top to toe从头到脚，from time to time不时地，from top to bottom彻底地。六、介词for的常见用法1.动词+fora）动词+foraccount for解释；说明, answer for对负责,apply for申请；请求,apologize for为而道歉, beg for请求, call for要求,care for在意, enter for报名参加, fight for为而战, hope for希望,inquire for查询；求见, leave for离开某地到另一地, look for寻找, long for盼望,mistake for误认为, plan for计划做某事, prepare for为作准备,provide for为提供, reach for伸手去拿, run for竞选, stand for象征,search for搜寻, send for派人去请, speak for陈述意见、愿望, take for当作, wish for希望, wait for等待。b)动词+sb.+ for +sth.ask for要求得到,blame for因责备, excuse for宽恕, forgive for谅解, pardon for原谅,pay for花钱买, praise for称赞, punish for对进行惩罚,push for催逼，reward for酬谢, thank for对表示谢意。2. be +形容词+forbe anxious for急于做, be eager for渴望, be bad for有害于,be convenient for便于, be good for利于, be famous for以出名,be fit for适合于, be grateful for对心存感激, be impatient for对不耐烦,be late for迟到, be necessary for有必要, be ready for作好准备,be sorry for为而后悔, be responsible for对负责,be suitable for适合于, be unfit for不适合, be useful for对理由，for sale供出售，for shame真不害臊，for short简称，for sport好玩，for sure确切地。4.动词+副词/名词+for构成的短语be in for将遇到，make up for弥补，go in for从事，look out for提防，take sth. for granted把当作理所当然,have an ear for音感好,have a gift for有某方面的天赋。介词用法口诀上午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。 年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。 将来时态in.以后，小处at大处in。有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。 特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。 介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。 日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。 着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。 特定时日和一就，on后常接动名词。 年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。 步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。 at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。 工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。 就来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。 海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。 this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。 接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。over、under正上下，above、below则不然， 若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。 beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。 besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。 同类比较except，加for异类记心间。 原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词 under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。 before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。 before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。 since以来during间，since时态多变换。 与之相比beside，除了last but one。 复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。 快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。 but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。 ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。 之后、关于、在.方面，有关介词须记全。 in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前。介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词分为三种，一种是简单介词，如at,in,on,beside,to,for等；另一种是短语介词，即由两个以上的词组组成的短语，如infrontof,becauseof,outof,insteadof等；还有一种叫二重介词，如untilafter,frombehind等。（一）介词的句法功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。1、作定语：Thebookonthetableismine.2、作状语：Wehavebreakfastatseven.（表时间）；Theywerelateformeetingbecauseoftheheavyrain.（表原因）；Theystartedthemachinebypressingthebutton.（表方法）3、作表语：Mydictionaryisinthebag.4、作宾语补足语：Ifoundhimintheoffice.（二）主要介词区别1、表示时间的at,in,on：at表示片刻的时间，如：at8oclock，常用词组有：atnoon,atnight,atmidnight,attheendof,atthattime,atthebeginningof,attheageof,atChristmas,atNewYear等。in表示一段的时间，如：inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening,inOctober,in1998,insummer,inthepast,inthefuture等。on总是跟日子有关，onMonday,onChristmasmorning,onthefollowing,onMayDay,onawarmmorning等。2、表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：Ihopetodomorningexercisesfromtoday./Wehavenotseeneachothersince1995.3、表示时间的in和after：两者都表示在（某个时间）之后，区别在于in表示在（一段时间）之后，而after则表示在（某一具体时间点之后），in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如：Wellbebackinthreedays./Afterseventherainbegantofall./Whatshallwedoaftergraduation?注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里）。如：Aftertwomonthshereturned.4、表示地理位置的in,on,to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如：ChangchunisinthenortheastofChina./MongoliaisonthenorthofChina./JapanistotheeastofChina.5、表示在上的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。如：Thereisabookonthepieceofpaper./Thereisaninterestingarticleinthenewspaper./Hedugaholeinthewall.6、表示穿过的through和across：through表示从内部通过，与in有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。如：Waterflowsthroughthepipe./Theoldmanwalkedacrossthestreet.7、inthecorner,onthecorner,atthecorner：inthecorner表示在角落里，in指角的内面；onthecorner表示在角上，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；atthecorner指在拐角处，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：Thelampstandsinthecorneroftheroom./Imetwithhimatthestreetcorner./Hesatonthecornerofthetable.8、intheend,attheendof,bytheendof：intheend作最后、终于解，可单独使用，后不接介词of；attheendof表示在末梢，到尽头，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；bytheendof作在结束时，到末为止解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。如：Intheendtheyreachedaplaceofsafety./Attheendoftheroadstandsabeautifulgarden./TheydecidedtohaveanEnglisheveningattheendofthisweek./bytheendoflastmonthhehadfinishedthenovel.9、表示关于的about和on：两者都有关于的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的论述。如：Hecametotellmeaboutsomethingimportant./Hewroteabookonscience.10、between,among：一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：Youaretositbetweenyourfatherandme./Heisalwayshappyamonghisclassmates.注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。如：Agreementsweremadebetweenthedifferentcountries.在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如：Thelittlevalleyliesbetweenhighmountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：Theydontknowthedifferencebetweenwheat,oatsandbarley.11、besides,except,but,exceptfor：besides指除了还有，再加上。如：Allwentoutbesidesme.；except指除了，减去什么，不能放在句首。如：Allwentoutexceptme.；but与except意思近似，表示除了外经常用在no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything等和其他疑问词后面。如：Ineversawhimreadinganythingbutthenewspaper.；exceptfor表示如无就，只是表明理由细节。如：Hisdiaryisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.。12、表示用的in和with：表示工具的用，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的用，用in。如：Heiswritingaletterwithapen./Hewrotetheletterinpencil./Wemeasureditinpounds./Readthetextinaloudvoice./TellmethestoryinEnglish.13、inchargeof和inthechargeof：两者都表示由谁负责、照顾、管理。区别在于：inchargeof后接被照管的人或物，而inthechargeof后面则跟照管的人。如：Whoisinchargeoftheproject?/Theprojectisinthechargeofanengineer.。14、as,like：as作作为、以地位或身份解。如：Letmespeaktoyouasafather.（事实是父亲）；like作象一样解。如：Letmespeaktoyoulikeafather.（事实上不是父亲）。15、infrontof和inthefrontof：infrontof=before，是在前面的意思（不在某物内）；inthefrontof则是在前部的意思（在某物内）。如：Thereisadeskinfrontoftheblackboard./Theboysatinthefrontofthecar.。16、in,into：into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。如：Wewalkedintothepark.；in通常表示位置。如：Wewalkedinthepark；in和drop,fall,put,throw,break等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。如：Ihaveputthecoinin(into)mypocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。练习（一）、介词1.Theteacheriswriting_apieceofchalkontheblackboardwhilethestudentsarewriting_inkinexercisebooks.A.with,inB.in,withC.in,inD.with,with2.Theworkercanmakechairs_wood,andalsocanmakepaper_wood.A.from,ofB.of,fromC.of.ofD.from,from3.Marydroppedin_MrSmith,buthewasntathome,soshewenttodropin_MrSmithsoffice.A.on,onB.at,atC.on.atD.at.on4.Theteacherisnotonlystrict_hispupilsbutalsostrict_hisownwork.A.with,withB.in,inC.in,withD.with,in5.Hisgrandfatherdied_thewoundthattheenemysoldierhadgivenhim.andthenhisgrand-motherdied_hungryandcold.A.from,ofB.of,fromC.from,fromD.of.of6.Ifyourun_twoharesyouwillcatchneither.A.intoB.afterC.offD.outof8.Myfatherbegantowork_abusdriverwhenhewastwentyyearsold.A.forB.toC.atD.as9._hearingthenews,Iwaswild_joy.A.At,inB.On,withC.After,byD./,over10.IdontthinkXiaoLiis_theotherstudents_mathematics.A.after,onB.after,withC.behind,inD.behind,at11.Nobodyknowsit_me.A.exceptforB.exceptthatC.besidesD.but12.Thewindowisneveropened_insummer.A.butB.exceptC.exceptforD.butfor13.Ithappened_theLongMarch.A.duringB.inC.atD.for14.Wegotoschool_abike.A.inB.onC.byD.ove15.Itsverykind_youtorepairthebike_me.A.for.forB.of,ofC.of,forD.for,of16.Freshairisgood_yourhealth.A.atB.forC.ofD.to17.Theboyiswaiting_hissisterandtheywillgotothehospitaltowait_theirsickmother.A.for,onB.on,forC.for,forD.on.on18.Thegroupismadeup_fivestudents.Andtheyarestudyinghardtomakeup_thelosttime.A.of,ofB.for,forC.of,forD.for,of19.ThePLAmansavedtheboy_death.A.ofB.fromC.toD.on21.HewenttoBeijingandreturned_threedays.A.inB.beforeC.laterD.after22.Hewillreturn_threeoclock.A.afterB.inC.onD.at23.Hewrotethearticle_threedays.A.atB.inC.onD.by24.Iagree_whatyousaid.A.toB.onC.withD.at25.Doyouagree_thisplan(arrangement)?A.atB.withC.onD.to26.Finallytheyagreed_thetermsofthecontract.A.onB.toC.withD.at27.Doyouoftenhear_yourbrother?A.ofB.fromC.outofD.about28.1heard_thebooklongago,butIhaveneverreadit.A.outB.fromC.ofD.with29.Theplaneflew_thecity.A.acrossB.pastC.throughD.over30.Wewalked_theTianAnMenSquaretotheMuseumofChineseHistory.A.acrossB.throughC.byD.past31.Iwaswandering_thestreetswhenIcaughtsightofatailorsshop.A.acrossB.throughC.byD.past32.Ourbusdrove_theGreatHallofthePeople.A.acrossB.throughC.pastD.over33._thesun,nothingwouldgrow.A.ForB.WithC.UnderD.Without34.Theteacherisbusy_teaching.A.withB.forC.onD.of35.Theteacherisbusy_correctingpapers.A.forB.inC.onD.of36.WeleftXian_._averyhotsummerafternoon.A.onB.inC.duringD.by37.Shefeltdisappointedwhenshefoundouttheyhadgoneswimming_her.A.butB.exceptC.exceptforD.without38.Histeacherwasangry_him_hisbeinglate.A.at,withB.at,forC.with,forD.with,about39.Myfatherwasdisappointed_thenews.A.byB.aboutC.atD.on40.MrWangwenttoNanjing_October,1998andcamebackhome_themorningofNov.5.A.at;inB.on;atC.in;onD.by;from41.Myunclelives_105HuangheStreet.Hisroomis_thefifthfloor.A.at;onB.td;atC.on;inD.of;to42.Idontthinkyoucanworkoutthemathsproblem_theteachershelp.A.sinceB.unlessC.becauseD.without43.Heisrunning_thewindtowardstheeastofthestation_Tomisrunning_theright.A.down;and;onB.against;while;onC.for;with;inD.with;while;to44.InHangzhouMrGreenwassostruck_thebeautyofnaturethathestayed_anothernight.A.at;onB.with;atC.for;inD.by;for45.Manypeoplearestill_thehabitofwritingsillythings_publicplaces.A.at;atB.in;inC.into;ofD.during;at46.-Doyougothere_bus?-No,wegothere_atrain.A.in;onB.on;onC.by;inD.by;with47.Imadethecoat_myownhands.Itwasmade_hand,notwithamachine.A.in;inB.in;withC.with;byD.with;with48.Thetrees_frontofthehouseare_thechargeofOldLi.A.in;inB.at;inC.in;byD.from;in49.Theoldmandied_cold_acoldnight.A.from;atB.of;inC.of;onD.for;during50.DoesJohnknowanyotherforeignlanguages_French?A.exceptB.butC.besidesD.beside51.Helookedquitehealthy_hewas_theageofseventy.A.when;atB.because;inC.if;forD.though;at52.-Howlonghasthebookshopbeeninbusiness?-_1982.A.AfterB.InC.FromD.Since53.Didyouhaveanytrouble_thepostoffice?A.tohavefoundB.withfindingC.tofindD.infinding54.Totellyouthetruth,Ihavenothingtodo_it.A.aboutB.withC.forD.of55.Somethingmustbedonetopreventourcity_bythicksmoke.A.tobepollutedB.frompollutingC.frombeingpollutedD.polluting56._thestudentslikesthepaintings.Whichiswrong?A.TheteacheraswellasB.NobodybutC.TheteacherbesidesD.AllexceptA.togetherwithB.likeC.andnotD.butinadditionto58.Taiwanis_theeastofFujian.A.inB.atC.toD.on59.HisfatherwillbebackfromLondon_afewdays.A.sinceB.inC.onD.after60.Weofferedhimourcongratulations_hispassingthecollegeentranceexams.A.atB.onC.forD.of61.Thewordwritehasthesamepronunciation_thewordright.A.ofB.asC.toD.from62.Thetrainleaves_6:00p.m.SoIhavetobeatthestation_5:40p.m.atthelatest.A.at;untilB.for;afterC.at;byD.before;around63.Go_thegateandyou11findtheentrance_thepark_theotherside.A.through;to;onB.along;of;onC.down;to;atD.up;of;by64.One_fivewillhavethechancetojoininthegame.A.withinB.amongC.inD.fromA.inB.toC.withD.on66.Whatideacanamanwhoisblindfrombirthhave_color?A.inB./C.withD.ofA.inB.atC.withD.forA.withB.byC.inD.for69._defeated,theydidntloseheart.A.InspiteofB.ExceptforC.ThoughD.Until70.IsawJackyesterday.Hetoldmethathewouldstayhere_theendofthisyear.A.atB.byC.forD.till71.Thetrainleavesat6:00p.m.SoIhavetobeatthestation_5:40p.m.atthelatest.A.untilB.afterC.byD.around(97NMET11)72.Theboyoughttohavegonetoschool_,butheslept_noon.A.inthemorning,atB.thatmorning,atC.inthatmorning,untilD.thatmorning,until(93上海)73.Thedoctorwillbefree_.A.10minuteslaterB.aftertenminutesC.intenminutesD.10minutesafter(92MET.20)74._moststudents,shewasalwayswellpreparedandnevercametoclasslate.A.LikeB.AsC.ForD.To(98上海高考题2)75.Letswalkover_theshopontheothersideofthestreet.A.inB.toC.underD.by(93上海)76.Thenumberoftheemployeeshasgrownfrom1,000to1,200.Thismeansithasrisen_20percent.A.byB.atC.toD.with(99上海高考)A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through(2000NMET.18)78.DoesJohnknowanyotherforeignlanguage_French?A.exceptB.butC.besidesD.beside(89MET.13)79.Iknownothingabouttheyounglady_sheisfromBeijing.A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.besides(2000上海高考13)80.-Youaresolucky.