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Lesson 117 Tommys breakfast 汤米的早餐New Words and expressions 生词和短语 dinning room(hall) 饭厅coin n. 硬币mouth n. 嘴swallow v. 吞下later adv. 后来toilet n. 厕所，盥洗室dinning room 饭厅，餐室（家中的）dinning 餐厅，餐厨用品dinning table 餐桌dinning car餐车coin n. 硬币a silver coin 银币toss a coin 抛硬币(打赌正面和反面)eg. Could you change the one-dollar bill for coins? 我用1美元纸钞和你换硬币好吗？Pay a person bake in his own coin.以其人之道还治其人之身mouth n. 嘴eg.Open your mouth. 张开你的嘴- Dont talk with your mouth full! - 嘴里塞满食物时不要说话!Shut your mouth! (口语)闭嘴It sounds funny in your mouth. 这种话由你的口中说出来,听起来就很可笑。by word of mouth 口头上from hand to mouth 勉强糊口from mouth to mouth 口口相传have a big mouth 大嘴巴，嘴不严swallow 1) v. 吞, 咽eg.He swallowed (up) the medicine with water. 他把药和水一起吞下1) n. 一口（一口的量）take a swallow of beer 喝一口啤酒at one swallow 一饮而尽 swallow v. 吞下 v. 吞下，咽下Tommy had swallowed the coins.汤米已经吞下了那硬币v. 抑制，使不流露I tried hard to swallow my doubts. 我强忍着不露出怀疑的神色。She swallowed a smile and sat there still. 她忍住没笑，静静地坐在那里。 v. 吞并；侵吞Our company was swallowed up by an American company last year.我们公司去年被一家美国公司吞并了。Nazi Germany nearly swallowed up the whole Europe in World War II.第二次世界大战中，纳粹德国几乎吞并了整个欧洲。later1) adv. 后来，较迟地，较后地three days later 三天后eg.He came later than usual. 他比平常来得晚。see you later. 回头见sooner or later 早晚，总有一天2）adj. 较迟的，较后的，更近的。in ones later life 在某人的晚年eg. Lets take a later train. 我们搭晚一点的火车吧。toilet n. 厕所，盥洗室bathroom/washroom 家庭用的 restroom/lavatory公用的pulic conveniences委婉用语（英）comfort station 委婉用语（美）water closet(WC) 委婉用语（欧）toilet paper卫生纸toilet roll（整卷的）卫生纸toilet soap香皂toilet water 花露水，化妆水Grammar 用法过去进行时一、 构成肯定式：was/ were + 现在分词疑问句式：把was/ were提前否定句式：在was/ were的后面加not二、过去进行时的基本用法1表示过去某一时间正进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间通常用时间状语，时间状语从句或由上下文来表示。eg.They were shaving at seven this morning. 今晨七点钟的时候他们正在刮胡子。She was telephoning a friend when I came in. 当我进来时，她在给一个朋友打电话。2.表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。eg.They were waiting for you yesterday. 他们昨天在等你。She was writing a story last year. 她去年在写一部小说。3 表示从过去某一个时间的角度看将要发生的动作，用于某些瞬间动作；go, come, leave, stay, fly 等。eg. They were leaving a few days later. 几天后他们要离开。(从过去看)They are leaving in a few days. 几天后他们要离开。(从现在看)He told me that his brother was going to Suzhou. 他告诉我他的哥哥要到苏州去。4）与always 等副词连用，表示感情色彩。eg.My brother was always losing his keys. 我的哥哥总是把他的钥匙弄丢。As a boy, John was always making things. 还是孩子的时候，约翰总是制作东西。三过去进行时和一般过去时用法的比较1.过去进行时通常有示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景；而一般过去时则只表示在过去某一时间发生某一件事。eg.He drew a picture yesterday afternoon.(过去某一时间发生的事情，昨天下午画了一副画)He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午这一段时间所进行的动作是画画，强调这一过程中所进行的动作)2）过去进行时可以表示过去反复做的动作，而一般过去时表示具体的某一次行为动作。eg.The frog was jumping up and down.这青蛙在不停地跳着The frog jumped up and down.这青蛙跳了一下He was nodding. 他不停地点头。He nodded. 他点了点头。3.leave, arrive, start, die 等用在过去进行时表示“快要完成，即将”。而用在一般过去时当中则表示“己经完成”。eg.The train was stopping.火车快要停了。The train stopped. 火车停了。Text: 课文When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.There were coins everywhere. We looked for them, but we could not find them all.While we were having breakfast, our little boy, Tommy, found two small coins on the floor.He put them both into his mouth. We both tried to get the coins, but it was too late. Tommy had already swallowed them!Late that morning, when I was doing the housework, My husband phoned me from the office.Hows Tommy? he asked. I dont know, I answered, Tommys been to the toilet three times this morning, but I havent had any change yet!课文讲解：When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.今天早晨我丈夫走进饭厅时，把一些硬币掉在地上了1此句是过去进行时，结构是was/ were+ doing 表示过去某个时刻正在进行或发生的动作。2.go into 走进，强调“进入”的动作，反义词go out of 走出3.drop 掉下eg.Be careful! Dont drop the vase. 小心，别把花瓶摔了。drop 还可以表示丢失，丢掉eg. I dropped my pen on the way home. 回家的路上，我把等弄丢了。There were coins everywhere. We looked for them, but we could not find them all.到处都是硬币，我们虽然找了，但没能把它们全部找到1）everywhere 到处eg.I looked for my pen everywhere, but I couldnt find it. 我找遍了任何地方都找不到我的钢笔。2. look for 寻找（强调动作和过程）find 找到（强调寻找的结果）eg. She was looking for her passport yesterday. Did she find it?Yes, She found it under the chair.3. but we could not find them all.find 强调找的结果。all 是them的同位语。4. could 是can的过去式。While we were having breakfast, our little boy, Tommy, found two small coins on the floor. 正当我们吃早饭时，我们的小孩汤米在地上找到了两枚小硬币1. while“当时”，过去进行时的时间状语从句一般由when, while及as等引导，说明主句中动作发生的情景。 while或at the same time强调同时进行的两种或几种动作。eg. When I was doing my homework, my father came home from work.While she was cleaning the room, her husband telephoned her.As the children were playing in the garden, it began to rain.2. Tommy是boy的同位语。He put them both into his mouth. We both tried to get the coins. But it was too late. Tommy had already swallowed them!他把这两枚硬币全部放进了嘴里，我们俩都试图把这两枚硬币拿出来，但太迟了，汤米已经把硬币咽了下去！1) put sth +介词短语把东西放在put them both into his mouth 把两枚硬币都放进了他的嘴里2. both表示“两个都”eg.They both want to go to France. 他们俩都想去法国。 (三者或三者以上用all)3.put them both into his mouthboth 是them的同位语4）we both tried to get the coinsboth是we的同位语tried to do 是指尽力做某事get the coin= get the coin out of his mouth5.Tommy had already swallowed them! 句中用过去完成时，过去完成时用来表示两个过去的动作中，发生在前面的那个动作。显然，句中“咽下硬币“的动作发生在夫妇俩能够把硬币从汤米的嘴取出来之前。Later that morning, When I was doing the housework, my husband phoned me from the coffee.那天上午的晚些时候，当我正做家务时，我丈夫从办公室给我打电话1.later that morning 那天上午晚些时候2.when I was doing the housework-是过去进行时态，表示过去正在进行的动作。3. my husband phoned me from the office-是一般过去时,表示比较短暂的动作或事情。Hows Tommy?he asked. I dont know, I answered, Tommys been to the toilet three times this morning, but I havent had any change yet! “汤米怎么样？他问，我不知道我回答说，今天上午汤米去了三次厕所了，但我还没看到硬币！1) Hows Tommy?He asked. (直接引语)He asked how Tommy was. (间接引语)2) “I dont know,” I answered. (直接引语)I said that I didnt know. (间接引语)has/ have been to 去过.(现在不在那了)three times 三次基数词（3或3以上）+times 表示次数once 一次twice 两次- havent had any change yet. 还没有看到硬币-change 在此处指硬币-yet 用在否定句中表示“还“小结：一、语法：过去进行时was/were doing概念:1、在过去某个特定的时间正在进行或发生的动作。2、当过去的一个动作发生的时候另外一个动作正在进行。结构：主语+ was（were）+ doingS+ wasnt（werent) +VingWas（Were） +S +Ving?I was reading a book at 7 oclock yesterday.I wasnt reading a book at 7 oclock yesterday.Were you reading a book at 7 oclock yesterday?What were you doing at 7 oclock yesterday?连接时间状语从句的词：when 当的时候；while 当的时候（强调两个动作的同时进行）when和while大多数情况下可互换，当强调两个动作的同时进行和发生，只能用while。just as 正当时间状语从句主句放后面时用连接词连接，时间状语从句放前面时，要用逗号隔开。I was reading a book while my wife was working in the garden at two oclock yesterday afternoon.While my wife was working in the garden at two oclock yesterday afternoon, I was reading a book.二、短语：go into 走进drop some coins on the floor 把一些硬币掉在地板上了find some coins on the floor在地板上找到一些硬币put sth +介词短语 把.东西放在try to do 尽力做swallow sth 吞.later that morning 那个早晨晚些时候do the housework 做家务have/ has been to 去过地方when引导的时间状语从语强调的是，当.我正在做When he arrived I was having a bath.他到达时我正在洗澡while引导的时间状语从语强调主从动作同时发生While I was cooking the dinner, he was working in the garden.当我正在做饭时，他正在花园中工作Lesson 118 What were you doing? 你那时正在做什么？New Words and expressions 生词和短语 ringv. 响ring v. 打电话；按铃 v. 鸣响；发出清脆的响声Yesterday morning, my alarm clock didnt ring at 7 oclock as usual.When I was opening the from door, the telephone rang. v. 打电话；按铃You said you were going to ring me last night, but you didnt.Somebody is ringing the doorbell.Exercise AExemple: He arrived I had a bath. He arrived when I having a bath.1. He knocked at the door.I answered the phone.He knocked at the door when I was answering the phone.2. He came downstairs.I had breakfast.He came downstairs when I was havig breakfast.3. The phone rang.I washed the dishes.The phone rang when I was washing the dishes.4. The boss arried.She typed a letter.The boss arried when she was typing a letter.1. The train left.I bought the tickets.The train left when I was buying the tickets.2. It rained heavily.I drove to London.It rained heavily when I was driving London.Exercise BExemple: What were you doing when he arrived?(have a bath) When he arrived Iwas having a bath.1. What were you doing when he arrived?(cook a meal) When he arrived Iwas cooking a meal.2. What were you doing when he arrived?(wash the dishes) When he arrived Iwas washing the dishes.1. What were you doing when he arrived?(work in the garden) When he arrived I was working in the garden.4. What were you doing when he arrived?(type letters) When he arrived I was typing letters.5. What were you doing when he arrived?(shave) When he arrived I was shaving.6. What were you doing when he arrived?(boil the milk) When he arrived I was boiling the milk.7. What were you doing when he arrived?(phone my sister) When he arrived I was phoneing my sister.8. What were you doing when he arrived?(dust the bedroom)When he arrived I was dusting the bedroom.Exercise CExemple: What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner( work in the garden) While I was cooking the dinner, he was working in the garden.1. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner(have a wash) While I was cooking the dinner, he was having a wash.2. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner(watch television) While I was cooking the dinner, he was watching television.2. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner(clean his shoes) While I was cooking the dinner, he was cleaning his shoes.4. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner( listen to the radio) While I was cooking the dinner, he was listening to the radio.5. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner( sit in the dinning room) While I was cooking the dinner, he was sitting in the dining room.6. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner(read the paper) While I was cooking the dinner, he was reading the paper.7. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner?(drive home from work) While I was cooking the dinner, he was draving home from work. Lesson 119 A true story一个真实的故事New Words and expressions 生词和短语 story n. 故事happen v. 发生thief n. 贼enter v. 进入dark adj. 黑暗的torch n. 手电筒voice n. （说话的）声音parrot n. 鹦鹉story n. 1) 故事a detective story 侦探小说2）（关于某事的）陈述，说法eg. Her story is hard to believer. 她的说法很难令人相信Its another story. 那是另一回事。/那是题外话了。the same old story 老一套，陈腔滥调3）（口语）谎话，说谎者（主要用于小孩之间）eg. Dont tell stories. 不要撒谎。 Oh, you story! 哦，你这说谎的家伙as the story goes 据说，据传，据闻，正如故事中所说to make a long story short/to cut a long story short 长话短说，简言之happen v. 1)发生eg.How did it happen? 那是怎么发生的？What happened next? 然后怎么了？happen to sb 某事发生在某人身上eg.She hoped nothing bad would happen to him. 她希望不会有坏事发生在他身上。2) 碰巧eg.I happened to see him on the street. 我碰巧在街上见到他。I happened to be there when the fire started. 火灾发生时我碰巧在那儿。It (so) happens + that.碰巧eg.It so happened that the famous actor was her brother. 那个有名的演员碰巧是她的哥哥。The famous actor happened to be her brother.thief n. 贼eg.A thief stole all my money. 小偷偷走了我的全部钱财thieves 是thief的复数形式enter v. 1) 进入eg.She entered the room quietly. 她悄悄地进入屋中。2）加入，参加eg.He entered university at the age of 21. 他21岁上了大学。at the age of .在.岁的时候3）把（名字）登记（在）eg.I entered my name for the exam.我登记参加了这次考试dark1) adj. 黑暗的a dark street 黑暗的街道eg.It was a dark night. 那是个黑夜。Its too dark to read. 太暗了，无法看书 （tooto.太.以至于.）2)深色的，暗色的 (反义词 light )dark blue 深蓝色dark green 深绿色eg.She has dark eyes. 她有一双黑眼睛He had dark hair, and it was nearly black.他有深色的头发，颜色接近黑色3) 阴暗的，忧郁的，暗淡的eg.The future looked dark in those days. 那时觉得前途暗淡。4）n. 黄昏，傍晚，黑夜（通常不加冠词）before dark 天黑以前 after dark 天黑之后at dark 天黑时in the dark 在暗处dark horse 黑马torch n. 1) 手电筒turn on a torch 打开手电筒turn off a torch 关掉手电筒2）火炬kindle a torch 燃起火炬voice n.1) 声音in an angry voice 以生气的声音in a sad voice 以伤心的声音in a cheerful voice 以快活的声音lose ones voice 嗓子变哑eg. Ive lost my voice because of a bad cold. 我因重感冒，嗓子都哑了。drop ones voice / lower ones voice 放低声音lift up ones voice 大声叫喊raise ones voice 提高嗓门2) 意见，心声the voice of the citizen 市民的心声parrot n. 鹦鹉repeat like a parrot 鹦鹉学舌般地跟着说parrot fashion 鹦鹉学舌般地，人云亦云地Grammar过去完成时一过去完成时构成形式： had+过去分词（疑问句式是把had提前,否定式在had的后面加not）二过去完成时的基本用法1. 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前己经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。这个过去的时刻可以用by, before等介词短语，时间状语或者从句来表示。eg. The film had already begun when I got there. 我到达的时候，电影己经放映了。They had left before I came back. 我回来之前，他们己经离去。2. 表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。eg. I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 我在车站等了20分钟，一辆公共汽车终于来了。3. 当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词综引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作先后紧接发生时,由于这些连词本身己经说明两个动作发生的先后关系，因此，从句和主句的谓语动词均可用一般过去时，当然从句用过去完成时也是可以的。eg. He left the room after he hnd turned off the light.= He left the room after he turned off the light.他把灯关上之后，离开了房间。4) 过去完成时也用于一些固定句型中。hardlywhen. “刚就”no sooner.than. “刚就”eg. He had hardly arrived when it began to snow. 他刚一到，天就开始下雪。Wed hardly arrived when she started crying. 我们刚一到，她就开始哭。He had no sooner gone to sleep than the telephone rang once more. 他刚一入睡电话又一次响起了。Text 课文Question: Who called out to the thieves in the dark? 谁在暗处对窃贼喊了一声.Do you like stories? I want to tell you a true story. It happened to a friend of mine a year ago.While my friend, George, was reading in bed, two thieves climbed into his kitchen.After they had entered the house, they went into the dining room. It was very dark, so they turned on a torch.Suddenly, they heard a voice behind them. Whats up? Whats up? someone called. The thieves dropped the torch and ran away as quickly as they could.George heard the noise and came downstairs quickly.He turned on the light, but he couldnt see anyone. The thieves had already gone.But Georges parrot, Henry, was still there. Whats up, George? the called. Nothing, Henry, George said and smiled. Go back to sleep.课文注释Do you like stories? I want to tell you a true story. It happened to a friend of mine a year ago.你喜欢听故事吗？我要告诉你一个真实的故事这是一年前发生在我的一个朋友身上的故事1、It happened to a friend of mine a year ago.a friend of mine 我的朋友之一（双重所有格）one of my friends 我的一个朋友2、Whats up? 干什么？有什么事？Do you like stories? I want to tell you a true story. like, 实义动词，一般疑问句用助动词do/ does, 主语是you,用do引导一般疑问句。stories是story的复数形式，前面没有定冠词the,表示泛指，而不是数量概念。eg. She likes cats.(泛指)We like reading books (泛指)We should eat apples every day. (泛指)eg. I hate the dogs. (特指)tell a story 讲故事tell sb a story 给某人讲故事eg. Can you tell us a story? 你能给我们讲个故事吗？The mother always tells her children stories. 这位母亲总是给她的孩子们讲故事。（stories, 表示泛指）true adj. 真实的a true story 真实故事a true love 真爱truth n. 事实,真相eg. Tell me the truth. 告诉我事情的真相。It happened to a friend of mine a year ago.happen v. 发生eg. What happened? 怎么了？When did it happen? 它是什么时候发生的？Sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人的身上eg. Good things always happen to me. 总有好事发生在我的身上。I dont believer that it happened to him. 我不相信这事发生在他身上。Sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事eg. I forgot to bring my pen with me. She happened to have a spare one 我忘记带着我的钢笔了，而她碰巧有一支备用的。I lost my key to the front door yesterday. My mother happened to find it in the garden. 我昨天把前门的钥匙弄丢了，妈妈碰巧在花园里发现了它。a friend of mine 强调我朋友中的一个 of mine 做介词短语修饰a friend mine= my friendsa year ago 一年前.ago 以前（用于过去时态）eg. I couldnt find a job in Pairs a year ago. 一年前我在法国找不到工作。While my friend, George, was reading in bed, two thieves climbed into his kitchen. 当我的朋友乔治在床上看书时，两个小偷爬进了他的厨房George是my friend 的同位语in bed 在床上/卧床read in bed 躺在床上看书stay in bed/remain in bed/lie in bed/be in bed躺在床上climb into 爬到 里 面去while 表示“当的时候”，相当when,强调主句与从句的动作同时发生，在此处强调George在看书的时候，两个小偷爬进了他的厨房。eg.While my father was cooking, the doorbell rang. 我的爸爸正在做饭的时候，门铃响了。While I was typing a letter, my friend called. 我正在打信的时候，我的朋友打电话来了。After they had entered the house, they went into the dinning room. It was very dark, so they turned on a torch. 他们进到房屋后，走进了饭厅，饭厅里很暗，于是他们打开了手电筒entered 是enter的过去分词，“进入”。had entered 是过去完成时，表示在某个过去的时间之前发生的动作，在此处是指先进入到房子，然后再进久到餐厅，因此用 had entered the house.turn on/off a torch 打开/关闭手电筒turn on/off the radio 打开/关闭这收音机turn on/off TV 打开/关闭这收音机turn on/off stereo 打开/关闭立体声turn on/off light 打开/关闭电灯turn on/off tap 打开/关闭水龙头Suddenly, they heard a voice behind them. Whats up? Whats up?someone called. The thieves dropped the torch and ran away as quickly as they could.突然他们听到身后有声音什么事？什么事？有人叫着小偷扔下了手电筒飞快地逃走了suddenly 忽然，突然地eg.I suddenly remembered his name. 我突然记起了他的名字。heard 是hear的过去式heard a voice behind them 他们听到身后的声音 behind them 是介词短语作宾语a voice的补足语，这是一个复合宾语结构voice是指嗓音，说话的声音，由声带振动发出的声音。noise 尤指噪音sound 用来指一切声响Whats up? 干什么？有什么事？eg. John, can you come over here a little while? John, 你可以过来一下吗？Whats up? 什么事？called 是call的过去式，此处是指“叫喊”。dropped 是drop的过去式，（注意双写p加ed）表示“丢掉”“扔掉”。run away 跑开了，跑掉了，逃跑eg. Dont run away. I have something nice to tell you. 别跑！我有好事要告诉你。as quickly as they could是状语，修饰ran way. 第一个“as”是副词，第二个”as”是连词，引导比较状语从句。as they could 后面省略了run. “能跑多快就跑多快。”eg. I try to bring as many things as I can. 我尽量地多带东西。He wrote the letter as clearly as he could. 他尽量清楚地写这封信。She drove as fast as she could. 她尽可能地把车开快。George heard the noise and came downstairs quickly. 乔治听到了响声，迅速地下了楼heard the noise 听到志响came downstairs下楼来quickly是副词，修饰cameHe turned on the light, but he couldnt see anyone. The thieves had already gone.他开了灯，但一个人也没有，小偷已经逃走了turn on the light 开灯反义词turn off the light 关灯he couldnt see anyone(someone用在肯定句中，anyone用在否定句中)The thieves had already gone. 此句是过去完成时，表示小偷逃跑地动作发生在George下楼动作之前，因此用过去完成时。But Georges parrot, Henry, was still there.“Whats up, George?” he called.Nothing, Henry, George said and smiled. Go back to sleep.但是乔治的鹦鹉亨利仍在那里叫：什么事，乔治？没事，亨利乔治笑着说接着睡觉吧Henry 是Georges parrot的同位语。still 仍然he called 指the parrot called 动物有时用he或she来代替，是“拟人“的写法nothing 指什么事也没有go back to 回到（地方，某种状态）go back to sleep 继续睡觉吧Question: Who called out to the thieves in the dark?Answer: The parrot did.小结：1. 过去完成时：had done概念：在过去某一特定的时间之前，动作已经结束或完成；过去的两个动作进行比较时，发生在之前的那个动作应该用过去完成时。结构：S+ had动词过去分词 （+by the end of到为止）常与现在完成时连用的副词： already（已经），ever（曾经），for+表示时间段的词，just（刚刚），never（从未）。I had seen 50 films by the end of last week.I bought a new car last year after I had sold my old one.2. 单词story n. 故事（两个清辅音连在一起时，第二个音要浊化）story 一般性的故事，可以真实的
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