2012年高考英语语法复习课件-过去分词.ppt

非谓语动词 ThePastParticple 现在分词 表示动作是主动的和正在进行过去分词 表示动作是被动的和完成 分词在句中可以作表语 定语 宾语补足语和状语 I Pastparticipleusedasattribute 定语 1 位置 单个分词位于名词前 短语则在名词后 被过去分词所修饰的名词 就是该分词的逻辑主语 Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek Thespeakeransweredallthequestionsraisedbytheaudience 2 作用 相当于一个定语从句 2 Thebook writtenin1957 tellsthestruggleoftheminers Isthereanythingthathasbeenplannedfortonight 1 Isthereanythingplannedfortonight Thebook whichwaswrittenin1957 tellsthestruggleoftheminers 注 Theproblem discussedyesterday hassomethingtodowithdailylife 表示完成 Theproblem beingdiscussednow hasnothingtodowithdailylife 表示正在进行 II Pastparticiplesusedaspredictive 表语 1 过去分词作表语 表示主语所处的状态 其逻辑主语就是句子的主语 Thewindowisbroken Theinnergatewaslocked Shewasgreatlyexcited 2 与现在分词作表语的区别 现在分词 主语的特征或性质 令人 有主动意思 e g Howdisappointingtheelectionis 过去分词 主语的感受 感到 有被动意思 e g Theyfeeldisappointedattheelection 常见的这类词有 interesting interestedencouraging encourageddelighting delighteddisappointing disappointedpleasing pleasedpuzzling puzzledsatisfying satisfiedsurprising surprisedworrying worried III PastparticipleusedastheObjectComplement 宾语补足语 1 表 希望 要求 的动词 want wish expect like order tobe done表示 希望 要求某人或某事被 e g Iwantthework tobe finishedbySunday Jimorderedtheroom tobe cleaned 2 表 感觉 心理状态 的动词 see hear find feel think watch notice object 宾语 p p e g Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted HaveyouheardapopsongsunginJapanese 3 使役动词 make get have keep leave etc e g Wemustgetthetableclothwashed Wemustasksomebodytowashthetablecloth Hehadhiswatchrepaired 4 在 with without 宾语 宾补 过去分词 这一结构中 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系 e g Doyouknowthemanwithhishairtiedback 过去分词 不定式 现在分词作宾补的区别 三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系 但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系 不带to的不定式强调动作发生的全过程 现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系 正在进行 Isawhercomeintotheclassroom Isawhercomingintotheclassroom Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom IV PastparticipleusedastheAdverbial 状语 过去分词作状语相当于状语从句 e g 1 Askedwhyhedidn tdoit hebegantocry 过去分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句 Whenhewas askedwhyhedidn tdoit hebegantocry e g 2 Givenmoretime I llcatchupwithyou 过去分词作条件状语相当于条件状语从句 IfIam givenmoretime I llcatchupwithyou e g 3 Bornandbroughtupinthevillage heknowsalotofpeoplethere 过去分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句 Becausehewas bornandbroughtupinthevillage heknowsalotofpeoplethere e g 4 Defeatedmanytimes theycontinuetofight 过去分词作让步状语相当于让步状语从句 Althoughtheyhadbeen defeatedmanytimes theycontinuedtofight e g 5 Theteacherenteredtheclassroom followedbyagroupofstudents 表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分 Theteacherenteredtheclassroom andhewasfollowed byagroupofstudent 过去分词作状语时 为了使意义更加明确 也可以在pp 前加上对应的连词when as if等等 4 Althoughdefeatedmanytimes theycontinuetofight 3 As Becausebornandbroughtupinthevillage heknowsalotofpeoplethere 2 Ifgivenmoretime I llcatchupwithyou 1 Whenaskedwhyhedidn tdoit hebegantocry 注意 带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句 省略的部分为主语 be的相应变化形式 注意 1 现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别 London 夜里参观伦敦 atnight youareabitlikeinadream 当有人夜里来访 atnight youmustmakesurethevisitorreallyyourfriend Whenvisiting Whenvisited 选择现在分词还是过去分词 关键看主句的主语 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出 分词就选用现在分词 反之就用过去分词 写完了所有的信之后 Ihadadrinkandwentout Havingfinishedallmyletters 信写完之后 thelettershouldbereadtotheonewhoasksyoutowriteit Finished 从山顶看 我们能看到一个美丽的公园 从山顶看 公园很美丽 Seeingfromthetopofthehill wecanseeabeautifulpark Seenfromthetopofthehill theparkisbeautiful inthought healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim lose inwhite shelooksmorebeautiful dress belostin bedressedin beinterestedin bedevotedto becaughtintherain beseatedin bepreparedfor bedeterminedto Lost 2 系表结构表示主语所处的状态 Dressed 类似的还有 generallyspeaking一般说来given considering考虑到judgingfrom by根据 来看supposing that 假如talkingof说到seeing that 鉴于 由于 3固定用法 Exercise Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee thenextyear A carryoutB carryingoutC carriedoutD tocarryout2 Mrs Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad wentwrongagain A itB itrepairedC repairedD toberepaired 3 Withalotofdifficultproblems thenewly electedpresidentishavingahardtime A settledB settlingC tosettleD beingsettled4 Withtrees flowersandgrass everywhere mynativetownhadtakenanewlook A plantingB plantedC toplantD tobeplanted 5 Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell careof A takeB tobetakenC takenD taking6 Theresultoftheentranceexamswasnotmade tothepublicuntillastThursday A knowingB knownC toknowD tobeknown7 Icanmakeyou whatIsay butyoucan tmakeyourself inEnglish A understand understandB understand understoodC tounderstand understandD understand tobeunderstood 8 Hefoundthem atatable A sat toplaychessB sitting toplaychessC seated playingchessD seat playthechess9 Johnrushedoutinahurry thedoor A leaving unlockedB leaving unlockingC left unlockedD toleave unlocking 10 Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem soquickly A settledB settlingC besettledD havingbeensettled11 Icouldfeelthewind onmyfacefromanopenwindow A toblowB blowingC tobeblowingD blown12 inthought healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim 96 A LosingB HavinglostC LostD Tolose13 Thecomputercenter lastyear isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool 94 A openB openingC havingopenedD opened 14 Theresearchissodesignedthatoncenothingcanbedonetochangeit 02 A BeginsB havingbegunC beginningD begun15 When themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear 02 A completedB completingC beingcompletedD tobecompleted16 Thelecture willbegiventhedayaftertomorrow A hasbeentalkedaboutB totalkaboutC somuchtalkedaboutD somuchtalkingof17 Theflowers sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature A tosmellB smellingC smeltD tobesmelt