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,Section I,新课导学 自主探究 板块,语言点一单词集释板块,语言点二短语荟萃板块,语言点三句型解构板块,语法 讲座,课 时 跟 踪 检 测,Unit 19,Step 2,Step 3,Step 4,识记 .掌握,理解 .拓展,应用 .落实,识记 .掌握,理解 .拓展,应用 .落实,识记 .掌握,理解 .拓展,应用 . 落实,知识必备,专题练习,Step 1,English is one of the languages that are widely used around the world.Do you know how to improve our oral English and when we will talk like a native？Now lets read the following passage to get the answer.,According to US research, it can take up to ten years to become a nearnative English speaker.Asian and Spanish students took between five and ten years to reach native speaker performance in Englishonly schools. Fluency (流利) obviously doesnt happen overnight.But time can definitely make you a better speaker. After testing his own memory, German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus discovered that humans forget most of what they learn in the first 20 minutes.,So cramming (死记硬背) right before a speaking exam is not likely to be as effective as practicing regularly over time.The more you practice, the more familiar new words will become. In the classroom, studies have also shown that repeating oral tasks improves a speakers performance. One of the best repetition exercises is the 4/3/2 technique.Speakers give the same talk to three different listeners with a progressive (逐渐的) decrease in delivery time, starting at four minutes, then three, and finally two minutes.,This exercise has been proven to help learners speak faster.It can also result in less hesitation (犹豫) and more grammatical accuracy. While time does make a difference when it comes to speaking perfect English, it wouldnt hurt to brush up (提交) on your other language skills. Studies have also shown that reading can increase your speaking vocabulary.After one month of an extensive (大量的) reading program, a 27yearold student of French became more familiar with 65 percent of the new words.,Aside from choosing the right learning methods, having certain personality traits (特点) may also help.US linguistics expert Stephen Krashen believes those with high motivation (上进心), selfconfidence and a low level of anxiety are better equipped for speaking success. Krashen says students who dont have these qualities are more likely to have a “mental block” “Even if they understand the message, the input will not reach the part of the brain responsible for language acquisition (获得)，” he writes in his book Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. By Trina Del Vecchio, special to 21st Century,Tips Practicing for 20 minutes a day is better than for two hours before a test. Try to repeat the same speech in less time to different listeners. Read as much in English as you can.,(1)Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks. We can improve our English by：,(2)Many people speak English as their native language.Now look at the pictures and write down the names of the English speaking countries.,(1)Skim the text and choose the main idea of the passage. The right answer is _. AThe passage mainly tells us that English is very important and we should learn it well. BThe passage mainly tells us that without English we would never stand out or have a bright future. CThe passage mainly tells us that Englishlearning is the key to success and gives us some recommendations about learning English. 答案：C,(2)Read the text and answer the following questions. When was it foretold that English would cover the whole world? _Why are teachers encouraged to create a rich language environment in the classroom? _What materials should the teachers give to the students? _,Why is it important to study with your classmates? _ How many ways are referred to in learning a language in the text for 15 minutes a day? _ 答案：In the 1700s. Because the students can get an adequate amount of input in English. The materials must be of the highest quality. Test each other and share learning strategies this makes learning more enjoyable. There are six ways.,Fill in the blanks according to the text.,答案：(1)predicted (2)trend (3)stand out/outstanding (4)get ahead (5)absence (6)rely on (7)guarantee (8)take the form of (9)of (10)accelerating (11)achievable (12)Rewarding,A根据词性和汉语意思写出单词 1 n流利度，流畅度 adj.流利的，流畅的 adv.流利地，流畅地 2 n精确度，准确度 adj.准确的，精确 的 adv.准确地，精确地 3 adj.为感到高兴的；感谢的 adj. 不感激的，不领情的,fluency,fluent,fluently,accuracy,accurate,accurately,thankful,thankless,4 v使兴奋 adj.兴奋的 adj.令 人兴奋的 5 v折叠；交叉 (反义词)展开，打开 6. n习得 vt.获得，习得 adj.逐渐习得的 7 vt.达到；获得 n达到；获得 adj.可以达到的；可以获得的 8 adj.足够的，充分的 adv.足够地， 充分地 9 v加速 n加速,thrill,thrilled,thrilling,fold,unfold,acquisition,acquire,acquired,attain,attainment,attainable,adequate,adequately,accelerate,acceleration,10 n媒介物；渠道 pl. 11 vt.调节，调整 adj.可调节的 n调整，调节 12 n通告，宣告 vt.宣布， 通告,announce,medium,adjustment,adjustable,media,announcement,adjust,B用所给词的适当形式填空 13The shopkeeper that the watch would be repaired free if it was still under .(guarantee) 14The is important. Please him of it immediately.(inform) 15He has been from work for a long time and we havent received any news during his .(absence) 16The soldiers the mans building, which was designed to blend in with its .(surround),inform,guaranteed,information,guarantee,absent,surrounded,absence,surroundings,1thrill 教材原句 Our history goes back more than 5,000 years and tourists are always thrilled to see sights throughout the country. 我们的历史可以追溯到5 000多年前，游客们看到全国各地的风景总是很兴奋。 (1)v.使兴奋 Xuriyanggang has thrilled audience all over China. “旭日阳刚”组合使全国的观众为之痴迷。,Hearing the thrilling news that Hou Yifan won the Womens World Chess championship, we couldnt help feeling thrilled. 听到侯逸凡获得了女子世界象棋冠军，我们不禁感到兴奋。,点津 thrilling为现在分词形式的形容词，表示“(令人)兴奋的”；thrilled为过去分词形式的形容词，表示“(自身)兴奋的”。 She Yang Mis coming to her company. 她对杨幂来到她的公司感到兴奋不已。 Jack serve the Shanghai World Expo as a volunteer. 作为一名志愿者去为上海世博会服务，杰克感到兴奋。 (2)n.激动，兴奋；引起兴奋的事物 It gave me a thrill to know I had passed the examination. 得知考试及格，我感到很兴奋。,was thrilled at,is thrilled to,2absence n不存在；缺乏 教材原句 However，learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment. 然而，没有英语语言环境，学英语是很难的。 After an absence of four years, the lovely panda Mei Lan returned to the motherland and settled in Shanghai. 在离开四年后，可爱的大熊猫美兰回到了祖国，在上海落户。,It is said that Yao Ming has quitted the team.Who will take the place of him ? 据说姚明退役了。他不在时谁会代替他呢？ David is to blame for the accident caused by his absence of mind. 大卫应该为由他的心不在焉而引起的事故受到责备。,during his absence,He always school, which annoys his teacher. 他总是逃学，这令他老师很恼火。,is,absent from,巧学助记 词尾变换一致的词(名词ence形容词ent)： absenceabsent, patiencepatient differencedifferent, silencesilent presencepresent, independenceindependent intelligenceintelligent, confidenceconfident convenienceconvenient, violenceviolent,3surround vt.环绕，围绕 教材原句 Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language, you need to be surrounded by it. 一些受人推崇的关于语言习得的理论认为，要达到一种高水平的外语流利程度和准确性，你需要置身于这种语言之中。,When he became conscious, he found himself surrounded by a lot of people. 当他醒来时，他发现自己被一群人围着。 She likes herself beautiful things. 她喜欢身边充满漂亮的事物。 点津 熟词round围绕生词surround包围生词surrounding adj.周围的生词surroundings环境 语境串记 Once upon a time, a king who was polite to surrounding countries lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest and having wonderful surroundings. 从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一个国王，他对邻邦十分友好。,to surround,with,4guarantee (1)vt.保证；担保；保修 教材原句 Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee greater comprehension when reading in English. 读前了解主要新闻内容可以确保用英语阅读时能更透彻地理解所读新闻。,Buying a train ticket doesnt guarantee you a seat. 买到火车票并不保证你有座位。 I guarantee to be here tomorrow.Trust me! 我保证明天来这里。相信我！ The washing machine five years. 这台洗衣机保修5年。,is guaranteed for,(2)n.保证；保证书；保修 The EU gave Greece a guarantee that it would do its best to assist Greece in economy. 欧盟向希腊保证它将尽最大努力在经济上对其作出援助。 Its lucky that my watch is still . 真幸运，我的表还在保修期内。,under guarantee,5adjust 教材原句 Watching a favourite DVD, but adjusting the language to English in parts you know well. 观看你最喜爱的一张光盘，但要把你最熟悉的部分调换成英文。 (1)vt.调节；调整 We will start at 4：00 pm. and now lets adjust our watches. 我们将在下午4：00出发，现在让我们对一下表。,As a teacher you have your methods the needs of slower children. 作为一名教师，你应该调整你的方法去满足反应慢的孩子的需求。 Because of the unrest in Syria, he had to make an adjustment to his original plan. 由于叙利亚动乱，他不得不对最初的计划作一些调整。,to adjust,to,(2)vt.适应，习惯,It took Paul a while to alone after the divorce. 保罗离婚以后，过了一段时间才适应了单身生活。 She soon adjusted herself to his way of life. 她很快使自己适应了他的生活方式。 点津 adjust to“适应”，to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。,adjust to living,6inform vt.告知；通知 教材原句 Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well. 把你的目标告诉朋友，他们也会鼓励你。 Ill inform you of the time and place by phone. 我会打电话告诉你时间和地点。 I informed her that I would go to see the 3D film Little Big Panda with our daughter. 我告知她我要跟我们的女儿去看3D电影熊猫总动员。,The media such as the Internet, the TV can keep us informed of whatever happens both at home and abroad. 诸如网络、电视等媒体能使我们随时了解国内外发生的事情。 You should keep us informed whenever you are in trouble. 一有麻烦你就应该告知我们。,通知/告诉某人某事,通知/告诉某人,informed,点此进入,1get 取得成功，获得进步 2stand 突出，显眼 3 the absence of 缺乏，不存在 4rely 依赖，指望 5 sure 确保，务必 6 the form of 以的形式出现/存在 7inform sb. 告知某人 8keep . mind 把记在心里 9hold the key 抓住的关键 10 case 以免，万一,ahead,in,make,on,take,out,of,in,to,in,1get ahead取得进步，获得成功 Its not easy to get ahead.Take your time! 取得成功不容易。慢慢来！,Tom has got ahead of all the other boys in the class. 汤姆优于班上其他的男孩。 Practice is the only way to your studies. 练习是提高成绩的唯一方法。,get ahead in,2stand out出色；突出；显眼 His height makes him stand out in the crowd. 他的身高令他在人群中很显眼。 His handwriting among his classmates. 他的书法在同学们中很突出。,stands out,He is sure to stand by you in this matter. 这件事他一定帮助你。 This kind of tree stands up to the frosts in winter. 这种树冬天抗霜冻。 Be ready at all times to truth. 随时准备坚持真理。,stand up for,点此进入,1句型展示 Theres_no_point_reading_the_news in English if youve already watched it in your own language. 如果你已经用母语看过这个消息，再用英语阅读这则消息 就没有意义了。 典例背诵 There is no point (in) discussing the thing over and over again. 一遍一遍地讨论那件事是没有意义的。,2句型展示 It_was_predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades. 早在18世纪人们就预言英语有一天会成为全球性语言，而这一预言在过去的几十年中已经得到证实。 典例背诵 It is predicted that inflation will continue to fall in 2013. 据预报，在2013年通货膨胀率将继续下降。,3句型展示 In todays world, being able to speak more_than_one_language,_including English, is how you stand out and get ahead. 当今世界，要想取得令人瞩目的成就，就至少要会讲两种语言，包括英语。 典例背诵 More than one continent was hit by the cold in the spring of 2012. 在2012年的春天，不止一个洲遭到了严寒的袭击。,4句型展示 But sadly, the_chances_that_we_will_all _have_the_opportunity_to_live_in_an_Englishspeaking_country are small. 但遗憾的是，我们都很少有机会生活在讲英语的国家。 典例背诵 The chance that Lin Shuhao will become a star in the NBA in the coming few years is big. 林书豪在未来几年里将成为美国职业篮球队的一颗新星的可能性很大。,1Theres_no_point_reading the news in English if youve already watched it in your own language. 如果你已经用母语看过这个消息，再用英语阅读这则消息就没有意义了。 (1)句中Theres no point (in) doing sth.表示“做某事没有意义”， 其中point表示“目的；意义”。 There is no point regretting the lost and we should grasp what we have now. 后悔失去的没有意义，我们应该抓住我们现在所拥有的。, an argument with your classmates. 和你的同学争吵是毫无意义的。 (2)常见的“Theres non .”构成的句型,There was no point (in) having, it is necessary to develop a program for athletes. 毫无疑问，制定一项提高运动员素质的计划是必要的。 I think there is no sense in making him angry. 我认为惹他生气是没有意义的。,Theres no doubt that,2It_was_predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades. 早在18世纪人们就预言英语有一天会成为全球性语言，而这一预言在过去的几十年中已经得到证实。 (1)本句是一个并列复合句。前一分句中的“It”为形式主语， 代替由that引导的主语从句(that English would one day be the global language)；后一分句中的“that”不是引导词，而是指示代词，指代前一分句所表达的全部内容。,(2)It was predicted that .“据预测”，其中it作形式主语， that引导的从句作真正的主语。Itbe predicted that .相当于People predict (ed) that .和Sth./Sb.be predicted to do .。 It is predicted that space journeys will be very common within the next 50 years. People predict that space journeys will be very common within the next 50 years. Space journeys are predicted to be very common within the next 50 years. 据预测，在今后的50年里，太空之旅将非常普遍。,(3)常见的类似结构如下：,It is reported that three people have been killed in the accident. 据报道，有三人在这次事故中丧生。 It is well known that computers are widely used in many fields. 众所周知电脑在许多领域被广泛使用。 It is suggested that parents more time with their children. 人们建议父母应该花更多的时间和孩子相处。 It is required that students (should) learn a foreign language and the IT course. 要求学生们必须学一门外语和IT课程。,(should) spend,3But sadly, the_chances_that_we_will_all_have_the_ opportunity_to_live_in_an_Englishspeaking_country are small. 但遗憾的是，我们很少有机会生活在讲英语的国家。 (1)that we will all have the opportunity to live in an Englishspeaking country是that引导的同位语从句，that引导同位语从句时，在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何成分，但不能省略。 There is little chance that he is always helping us. 他不大可能老是帮我们。,(2)同位语从句多跟在一些名词(如fact, idea, news, belief, hope, promise, information, message等)的后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导同位语从句的词有：that, how, when, where, who等。 our team won the football match was encouraging. 我们队赢得足球比赛的消息很振奋人心。 He is always holding the what we have should be more important than what we are dreaming of. 他一直相信，我们拥有的要比我们梦想的重要。 I have no idea when they will be back and settle down. 我不知道他们时候回来并定居。,The news that,belief that,点此进入,名词性从句,一、基本概念 1在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 2引导名词从句的连接词可分为三类： (1)连接词：that, whether, if(不充当从句的任何成分) (2)连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which (3)连接副词：when, where, how, why,二、基本用法 (一)主语从句 在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。连接主语从句的连接词有连词、连接代词和连接副词。 1that引导的主语从句 1)that置于句首的主语从句 that在主语从句中不作任何成分，也没有含义，只起连接从句的作用。 That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。,2)形式主语it替代主语从句 常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有如下几种： (1)It系动词形容词that从句 常用于这种结构的形容词有： necessary必要的 right正确的 likely可能的 unlikely不可能的 wrong错误的 important重要的 certain明确的 clear清晰的 obvious明显的 strange奇怪的 natural自然的,Its certain that he will succeed. 他肯定会成功的。 点津 在It is necessary/important/strange/naturalthat从句结构中，从句常用“should动词原形”形式，其中should可省略。 It is necessary and important that you (should) master a foreign language so as to meet the need of a job. 为了工作的需要，你掌握一门外语是很有必要并且是很重要的。 It is strange that you (should) trust Jane. 很奇怪你竟然相信简。,(2)It 系动词名词(短语)that从句 常用于这种句型的名词(短语)有：a pity遗憾 a shame 遗憾，耻辱 good news好消息 a fact事实 an honour荣耀 a wonder奇迹 no wonder难怪 It is a pity that you didnt attend the lecture yesterday. 你昨天没参加讲座真是遗憾。 It is our duty that we should help the people in need. 帮助那些处在困境中的人是我们的责任。,(3)Itbe动词的ed形式that从句 常见的动词的ed形式有：said据说 told有人告诉 heard有人听说 reported据报道 hoped有人希望 turned out结果 pointed out有人指出 decided作出决定 suggested有人建议 advised有人建议 ordered根据命令 remembered有人记得 thought有人认为 considered据认为 well known很著名 Its said that Charles Kao won the Nobel Prize in physics. 据说高锟获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。,点津 在“Itbesuggested/advised/ordered/requested/ insisted/required/decidedthat从句”的结构中，that从句中的谓语动词应用“should动词原形”，should也可省略。 It was decided that they (should) start the project the next month. 他们下个月开始这项工程已经定下来了。 It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English. 你应该花更多的时间学习英语。,2由whether, if引导的主语从句 当主语从句放于句首时，只能用whether，不用if引导主语从句；当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用whether或if均可。 Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem. 是否举行会议仍然是一个问题。 It is doubtful whether/if he will come here. 他是否来这里是令人怀疑的。,3特殊疑问词引导的主语从句 What they need is a good textbook. 他们需要的是一本好的教科书。 Whichever he likes will be given to him. 无论他喜欢哪一个都可以给他。 Whatever (或What) changes we make in our plans will be announced later. 在我们的计划里不管有什么改变，以后都要公布。 Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 无论谁做了这项工作一定要得到酬谢。,考题印证1 11(2012新课标全国卷)It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike. Ahow Bwhich Cthat Dwhat 解析：选 。考查名词性从句的引导词。句中it是形式主语，主语从句中缺少do的宾语，故选择what作为主语从句的引导词且充当从句中谓语动词do的宾语。,D,12(2012安徽高考)The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. Awhere Bwhether Cthat Dwhy 解析：选 。考查主语从句的引导词。句意：一个人的智力极限，通常来说，出生时就已经定型了，但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他的生活环境。根据“depend on”可知，主语从句“ _ he reaches these limits”中含有不确定因素，故用whether，选B。,B,(二)宾语从句 在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词(短语)的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 1动词(短语)的宾语从句 大多数动词(如hope, tell, say, know, think, consider, imagine, hear, expect, suppose, guess等)后可以接宾语从句。 We all expect that they will win, for members of their team are stronger. 我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮。,点津 (1)在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词引导的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，这一现象称为否定前移。 I dont think you are right. 我想你是不对的。 (2)动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。,2介词的宾语从句 (1)一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否应该让学生加入我们的俱乐部。 We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived. 我们能从我们住的地方清楚地看到寺庙。 (2)that引导的从句作介词宾语是很少有的，只有在except, in, but等介词后偶尔可能用到。,Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose. 除了结构有点松散以外，你的作文相当不错。 He differed from his colleagues in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 他和他的同事们不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在阅读上。,3形容词的宾语从句 类似sure, certain, glad, sorry, amazed, surprised, proud, pleased, shocked, disappointed等表心理状态的形容词，可以跟that从句或wh从句作宾语。 Im sure/certain that hell succeed. 我确信他会成功。 She was not aware how dangerous it was. 她没意识到当时有多危险。,考题印证2 21(2012福建高考)We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. Awho Bwhom Cwhoever Dwhomever 解析：选 。考查连接代词。句意：我们承诺给参加聚会的人一个同电影明星照相的机会。此处考查宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故排除B、D两项。whoever 相当于anyone who，强调任何一个人，故选C。,C,22(2012辽宁高考)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain. Awherever Bhowever Cwhatever Dwhichever 解析：选 。考查连词。介词for后面跟的是宾语从句，且从句中find缺少宾语，且所述之物没有范围，所以用whatever，故选C。,C,(三)表语从句 在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。能引导宾语从句的连接词(if除外)皆可引导表语从句。 1引导表语从句的连接词主要有以下几类： (1)连接词that/whether 引导表语从句的that和whether。that和whether在表语从句中不作任何成分，that无实义，但whether仍保留“是否”的意义。 Our plan is that well go there once a week. 我们的计划是我们一周去一次。,(2)连接代词 引导表语从句的连接代词主要有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等。 The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替代她。 (3)连接副词 引导表语从句的连接副词主要有：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等。 That was where we camped last time. 那就是我们上次野营的地方。,(4)其他连接词 另外，because, as if, as though, as, like等连接词也可引导表语从句。 He didnt have breakfast.That is because he got up late. 他没吃早饭，因为他起晚了。 2表语从句中需要注意的问题 (1)reason作主语时的表语从句 主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why。 The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much. 这么严重的一起事故完全是司机太粗心、喝酒太多造成的。,(2)其他系动词表语从句 除be以外，可用于表语从句的系动词有：seem, look, appear, sound, taste, feel, remain等。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看来要下雨了。 It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States. 听起来你好像来自美国南部。,考题印
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