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电大内科护理学网考题库(1)注:单项选择题50题共100分1肺结核感染的主要途径是:()A病菌经消化道进入B经皮肤创口进入C经血行播散D经呼吸道吸入E以上均为主要途径2.肺气肿的主要症状是() A.进行性加重的呼吸困难B.慢性咳嗽C.咳痰D.紫紺3.有关呼吸衰竭的诊断标准,下列哪项最可靠() A.Pa0250mmHgB.pH72小时E.72小时均可19.二尖瓣狭窄病人最易出现的心律失常是:() A.室早B.室性阵发性心动过速C.房颤D.预激综合征E.二度型房室传导阻滞20.型呼吸衰竭是指:() .PaO260mmHgPaCO250mmHgB.PaO250mmHg C.PaO250mmHgD.PaO250mmHgE.PaO260mmHgPaCO250mmHg21.肾盂肾炎最常见的感染途径是() A.上行感染B.血行感染C.淋巴道感染D.直接感染E.以上都不是22.风心病患者出现周围血管征阳性提示:() A.二尖瓣狭窄B.二尖瓣关闭不全C.主动脉瓣狭窄D.主动脉瓣关闭不全E.三尖瓣关闭不全23.急性心肌梗死患者发生的心律失常最常见于病后() A.24小时内B.2-3天C.4-5天D.1周E.2周24.我国肝硬化最常见的原因() A.酒精中毒B.胆汁淤积C.循环障碍D.营养失调E.病毒性肝炎25.肺炎最常见的病因是:() A.病毒性B.支原体C.真菌性D.细菌性E.其它病原26.男,65岁,慢性肺心病患者,近日来感胸痛,心悸。体查:心率130次/分,律不齐,早搏每分钟10多次,偶呈二联律。心电图示有提前出现的QRS波群,前无P波,后有完全性代偿间歇。治疗中宜选用下列哪种药物?() A.心得安B.地高辛C.安定D.利多卡因E.酚妥拉明27.王先生:,自感心慌,头晕就医,门诊医生听诊心脏时记录心率为84次/min,脉搏为52次/min,而且心率不规则,心率快慢不一,心音强弱不等,你认为该病人出现了() A.二联律B.三联律C.脉搏短绌D.心动过缓E.脉搏异常28.上消化道出血量最少达到多少,可出现大便隐血试验阳性() A.5mlB.10mlC.15mlD.30mlE.50ml29.对消化性溃疡有确诊价值的是()AX线钡餐检查B胃镜检查C胃液分析D粪便隐血E幽门螺杆菌检查30.肾病综合征的主要临床表现是() A.大量蛋白尿、浮肿、高脂血症、高尿酸血症B.血尿、浮肿、蛋白尿、高血压 C.大量蛋白尿、低蛋白血症、浮肿、高脂血症D.肉眼血尿、浮肿、高脂血症、高尿酸血症E.蛋白尿、水肿、高血压、氮质血症31.在我国,肝硬化常见的病因是() A.病毒性肝炎B.慢性酒精中毒C.循环障碍D.营养失调32.肝性脑病最早的表现是() A.昏睡B.性格和行为的改变C.定向力障碍D.扑翼震颤33.肾病综合征最常见的并发症是() A.感染B.血栓形成和栓塞C.急性肾衰竭D.动脉硬化34.对肝性脑病患者,错误的护理措施是() A.低热量饮食B.暂停蛋白质摄入C.清除肠内积血D.米醋加生理盐水灌肠35.对支气管哮喘患者作保健指导,下列哪项是错误的() A.居室应美化,适当放置花、草、地毯B.避免进食可能致敏的食物(如鱼、虾、蛋) C.避免刺激性气体吸入D.避免过度劳累或情绪激动等诱发因素36.下列哪项不是导致人缺铁性贫血最常见的原因() A.食物中铁的摄入少B.痔疮出血C.消化性溃疡出血D.女性月经量过多E外伤出血37.男性,82岁,有慢性阻塞性肺病史30年,近2周来咳嗽脓痰加剧,2天来神志不清,胡言乱语,动脉血气分析:PH720,PaCO292mmHg,PaO250mmHg,应考虑:()AI型呼吸衰竭B.型呼吸衰竭伴肺性脑病。内科护理学网考题库(2)1.下列各因素均是粘膜的损害因素,除了()E.前列腺素2.大咯血病人发生窒息时,首要的护理措施是() C.维持气道通畅3.慢性肺心病最常见的病因是:() A.慢性阻塞性肺疾病4.肝性脑病病人恢复期护理措施中,最主要的是:() D.防止各种诱发因素5.肺性脑病不能用高浓度吸氧的主要原因是:() C.解除了颈动脉窦的兴奋性6.下面关于胃溃疡的叙述不正确的是() D.节律性上腹痛7.肝性脑病时出现的震颤为:() D.扑翼样震颤8.肝性脑病的发病机制是:() D.上述多种因素综合作用所致9.肝性脑病前驱期的临床表现有:() A.可有扑翼样震颤10.目前非手术治疗肝癌的首选方法为:() C.肝动脉栓塞化疗11.支气管扩张症的治疗主要是:() C.保持呼吸道通畅和控制感染12.支气管扩张症最常见的病因是() A.婴幼儿期的麻疹、支气管肺炎13.支气管哮喘的临床特征主要是:() B.反复发作,阵发性、呼气性呼吸困难14.慢性气管炎病人咳嗽、咳痰与下列哪项关系最为密切:() B.黏液腺增生15.肝性脑病最早出现的症状是:() C.性格和行为异常16.慢性肺心病心衰病人最常见的护理诊断是:() B.体液过多17.结核性腹膜炎腹水性质最常见的是:() B.渗出液18.我国急性胰腺炎最常见的病因是:() A.胆道疾病19.下列哪项不是肝性脑病发生的诱因:() B.腹泻20.女性,30岁,5天前淋雨后发冷发热、胸痛、咳嗽、气短,既往有结核病史。查体:左肺下部叩浊,可闻水泡音,痰结核菌集菌阴性,白细胞32x109/L,胸片左肺下叶大片状致密阴影,考虑诊断为:() D.肺炎球菌肺炎21.下列有关慢性胃炎的预防原则不恰当的是:() A.常规应用抗生素22.切断肺结核传染链的最有效的方法是:() C.发现并治愈痰培养阳性病人 C.吗啡24.治疗肝性脑病时,灌肠时禁用:() A.肥皂水25.与原发性肝癌发病最密切的因素是:() B.病毒性肝炎26.易于诱发革兰阴性杆菌肺炎的因素错误的是() D.静脉输液27.诊断胃溃疡恶变最有价值的是:() D.胃镜见溃疡形状不规则,底部凹凸不平28.胃溃疡节律性疼痛的特点是:() A.餐后半小时至一小时出现疼痛29.诊断慢性胃炎最可靠的依据是:() B.胃镜检查及胃粘膜活检30.支气管肺癌的发生与下列哪项关系密切:() B.吸烟31.男性,67岁,原有肺心病,受凉后加重,咳脓性痰,伴发热、烦躁、呼吸困难,入院前4小时神志模糊,嗜睡。查体:明显发绀,昏迷,血压100/60mmHg,无病理反射。可能的并发症是:() B.肺性脑病32.中国人最常见的肝硬化原因是:() A.病毒性肝炎33.慢性胃炎的发病与哪种细菌感染有关:() D.幽门螺杆菌34.25岁男性支气管哮喘病人,于一阵剧烈咳嗽后,出现短暂意识丧失,应考虑的诊断是:() C.咳嗽性晕厥35.特发性气胸与继发性气胸最主要的区别是:() A.有无肺的基础疾病36.引起肝性脑病患者血氨增高的因素,不包括() C.过度精神紧张37.支气管扩张的主要发病因素是:() D.支气管肺组织的感染和支气管阻塞38.上消化道出血的量最少达到多少时可使大便隐血试验呈阳性:() B.5ml39.对肺癌的诊断及分型具有重要意义的检查方法是() B.纤维支气管镜检查40.确诊消化性溃疡出血最可靠的方法是:() D.急诊胃镜检查41.西咪替丁治疗消化性溃疡的的机理是() B.H2受体拮抗剂42.怎样判断肺结核病人有无传染性:() B.查痰结核菌43.慢性肺心病最常见的酸碱失衡类型是:() B.呼吸性酸中毒44.原发性肝癌肝外血行转移最常见的部位是:() C.肺45.慢性呼吸衰竭最常见的病因是:() C.阻塞性肺疾病46.易并发中毒性巨结肠的疾病是:() B.溃疡性结肠炎47.胃炎的急诊胃镜检查应在上消化道出血后:() A.12天内进行48.下列关于肝性脑病的治疗,错误的是() A.肥皂水灌肠49.慢性支气管炎最常见的并发症是:() C.阻塞性肺气肿50.慢性肺心病最常见的并发症是:() A.肺性脑病51.下列诊断支气管哮喘的依据中,哪一项是错误的:() A.阵发性吸气性呼吸困难52.慢性肺心病病人痰液粘稠,首选的治疗措施是:( ) D.雾化吸入53.结核性腹膜炎最主要的感染途径是:() C.腹腔内结核病灶直接蔓延54.支气管扩张的主要发病因素是:() D.支气管肺组织的感染和支气管阻塞55.肺性脑病不能用高浓度吸氧的主要原因是:() C.解除了颈动脉窦的兴奋性56.不符合急性胰腺炎腹痛的特征是:() D.进食后疼痛可缓解57.支气管肺癌的发生与下列哪项关系密切:() B.吸烟58.关于痰液的体位引流不正确的是:() B.引流通常在餐间进行,每日23次59.下面关于胃溃疡的叙述不正确的是() D.节律性上腹痛60.肝性脑病患者使用精氨酸的目的是() C.与游离氨结合,从而降低血氨61.确诊消化性溃疡出血最可靠的方法是:() D.急诊胃镜检查62.慢性肺心病最常见的酸碱失衡类型是:() B.呼吸性酸中毒63.对肺癌的诊断及分型具有重要意义的检查方法是() B.纤维支气管镜检查64.大咯血病人发生窒息时,首要的护理措施是() C.维持气道通畅65.我国急性胰腺炎最常见的病因是:() A.胆道疾病66.慢性支气管炎最主要的病因是:() D.长期吸烟67.男性,67岁,原有肺心病,受凉后加重,咳脓性痰,伴发热、烦躁、呼吸困难,入院前4小时神志模糊,嗜睡。查体:明显发绀,昏迷,血压100/60mmHg,无病理反射。可能的并发症是:() B.肺性脑病68.诊断胃溃疡恶变最有价值的是:() D.胃镜见溃疡形状不规则,底部凹凸不平69支气管扩张症的治疗主要是:() C.保持呼吸道通畅和控制感染70结核杆菌感染人体的主要途径是:() C.呼吸道71.慢性肺心病急性加重期的最常见诱因是:() D.呼吸道感染72.肝性脑病病人恢复期护理措施中,最主要的是:() D.防止各种诱发因素73.我国急性胰腺炎最常见的病因是:() A.胆道疾病74.大咯血病人发生窒息时,首要的护理措施是() C.维持气道通畅75.不符合急性胰腺炎腹痛的特征是:() D.进食后疼痛可缓解76.急性出血坏死型胰腺炎特征性体征是:()色77.结核性腹膜炎最常见的并发症是:() C.肠梗阻78.女性,39岁,近三年来反复上腹部不适,疼痛,频繁嗳气。钡餐透视和胃镜检查无阳性发现,最可能的诊断是:() C.功能性消化不良79.引起肺炎的病原体主要是:() A.细菌80.男性,34岁,腹泻8年,每日3次无脓血,无发热,结肠镜检示:直肠、乙状结肠粘膜多发浅溃疡,伴充血,水肿,诊断应为:() C.确诊为溃疡性结肠炎81.肝性脑病前驱期的临床表现有:() A.可有扑翼样震颤82.下列哪项不是肝性脑病发生的诱因:() B.腹泻83.上消化道出血最常见的病因是:() A.消化性溃疡84.胃溃疡节律性疼痛的特点是:() A.餐后半小时至一小时出现疼痛85.关于痰液的体位引流不正确的是:() B.引流通常在餐间进行,每日23次86.结核性腹膜炎腹水性质最常见的是:() B.渗出液87.肺心病的最常见的死亡原因是() B.肺性脑病88.男性,35岁,有胃溃疡病史,今日早饭后突然上腹部疼痛,拒按。查体:全腹呈板状硬,可能的诊断为:() D.溃疡穿孔电大内科护理学网考题库(3)1.高热病人饮食及入量护理措施哪项不妥() C.出汗多时应多饮糖水2.脑血栓形成的最常见病因是:() B.脑动脉粥样硬化3.椎基底动脉系统短暂脑缺血发作,不出现的症状是:() A.失写4.脑出血最常见的原因是:() B.高血压和脑动脉硬化5.慢性肾炎治疗的主要目的是:() C.防止或延缓肾功能衰竭6.系统性红斑狼疮病人最典型的面部表现是:() C.蝶形红斑7.甲亢时最有诊断意义的体征是:() B.弥漫性甲状腺肿伴血管杂音8.引起肾盂肾炎最常见的致病菌是:() A.大肠杆菌9.根据国内标准,血红蛋白测定下列哪项可诊断为贫血:() B.成年女性低于110g/L10.脑出血的部位最常见的是() D.基底节出血11.癫痫持续状态时的护理措施不妥的是:() B.用力按压肢体制止抽搐12.正常人消化道内铁吸收率最高的部位是:() B.十二指肠及空肠上部13.下述哪项不符合震颤麻痹的症状() D.可导致瘫痪14.过敏性紫癜那种类型最常见:() A.皮肤型15.女性,24岁,突然出现尿频尿痛进而发热,化验尿常规蛋白(+),红细胞57个/HP,白细胞2030个/HP。诊断为急性肾盂肾炎,感染途径考虑:() B.逆行感染16.脑出血的预后与哪种因素有关() D.出血量、出血部位及并发症严重程度17.在导致甲亢的各种疾病中,哪种疾病最为多见() B.弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿(Graves病)18.目前认为多数肾小球疾病的始发机制是:() C.免疫机制19.根据病因及发病机制贫血可分为:() C.红细胞生成减少、红细胞破坏过多及失血三类20.尿毒症病人贫血的主要原因是:() B.促红细胞生成素减少21.贫血是外周血单位体积中() D.红细胞数、血红蛋白量和红细胞压积低于正常22.急性肾小球肾炎的治疗原则是:() A.以休息及对症处置为主23.判断糖尿病控制程度较好的指标是() C.糖化血红蛋白24.何时做头部CT检查,诊断脑梗塞阳性率较高() C.发病48小时25.再障最主要的诊断依据是:() C.骨髓增生不良26.慢性肾盂肾炎患者经系统治疗,尿常规已正常,还应做哪项检查,以判断治疗效果:() D.尿细菌培养27.脑出血的内科治疗最重要的是:() A.控制脑水肿28.女性,24岁,突然发热,一天后出现肉眼血尿,无尿频尿痛,化验尿常规蛋白(+),红细胞3040个/HP,白细胞1020个/HP。应考虑用何种检查:() A.尿细菌培养29.皮质醇增多症特有的临床表现是:() D.向心性肥胖30.肾病综合征最常见的并发症是:() C.感染31.糖尿病是一组病因不明的内分泌代谢病,其共同主要标志是:() D.血糖增高32.急性再障感染最多见于() B.呼吸道33.血小板在循环血中寿命为() D.811天34.脑梗赛临床表现中,不应有的症状或体征是:() A.脑膜刺激征35.诊断脑出血首选的检查是:() A.CT36.风湿性疾病是指:() A.累及关节及周围软组织的一大类疾病37.糖尿病饮食治疗下列哪种是正确的() A.无论病情轻重都需饮食治疗38.诊断糖尿病应首先选择下述哪项检查:() B.空腹血糖39.急性白血病出血的主要原因是:() B.血小板减少40.脑血栓形成的典型临床表现不包括() C.脑膜刺激征明显41.引起急性肾小球肾炎的常见病因是:() D.溶血性链球菌A组12型感染42.下列疾病最常出现血尿的是:() D.肾小球肾炎43.急性一氧化炭中毒,下列哪项治疗是错误的:() A.首先注射苏醒剂44.特发性血小板减少性紫癜首选治疗是() C.糖皮质激素45.蛋白尿是指:() C.成人每日蛋白尿持续超过150mg46.脑出血患者急性期影响死亡率及功能恢复的主要因素是:() C.脑水肿47.关于脑出血,最确切的诊断依据是:() D.突然偏瘫,头部CT见底节附近高密度影48.尿毒症最早期的表现为:() C.胃肠道症状49.出血时间Duke法测定正常值为() C.14分钟50.以下哪组为诊断肾病综合征所必须的:() B.大量蛋白尿+低蛋白血症51.脑出血最常见的原因是:() B.高血压和脑动脉硬化52.椎基底动脉系统短暂脑缺血发作,不出现的症状是:() A.失写53.脑出血的内科治疗最重要的是:() A.控制脑水肿54.在导致甲亢的各种疾病中,哪种疾病最为多见() B.弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿(Graves病)55.尿毒症病人贫血的主要原因是:() B.促红细胞生成素减少56.慢性肾炎临床表现错误的是:() D.不导致肾功能不全57.女性,24岁,突然发热,一天后出现肉眼血尿,无尿频尿痛,化验尿常规蛋白(+),红细胞3040个/HP,白细胞1020个/HP。应考虑用何种检查:() A.尿细菌培养58.急性再障感染最多见于() B.呼吸道59.甲亢时最有诊断意义的体征是:() B.弥漫性甲状腺肿伴血管杂音60.肾病综合征最常见的并发症是:() C.感染61.血小板在循环血中寿命为() D.811天62.女性,24岁,突然出现尿频尿痛进而发热,化验尿常规蛋白(+),红细胞57个/HP,白细胞2030个/HP。诊断为急性肾盂肾炎,感染途径考虑:() B.逆行感染63.急性一氧化炭中毒,下列哪项治疗是错误的:() A.首先注射苏醒剂64.急性白血病出血的主要原因是:() B.血小板减少65.脑梗赛临床表现中,不应有的症状或体征是:() A.脑膜刺激征66.尿毒症最早期的表现为:() C.胃肠道症状67.下列疾病最常出现血尿的是:() D.肾小球肾炎68.诊断脑出血首选的检查是:() A.CT69.根据病因及发病机制贫血可分为:() C.红细胞生成减少、红细胞破坏过多及失血三类 B.高血压和脑动脉硬化70.系统性红斑狼疮病人最典型的面部表现是:() C.蝶形红斑71.脑出血的预后与哪种因素有关() D.出血量、出血部位及并发症严重程度72.再障最主要的诊断依据是:() C.骨髓增生不良 C.成人每日蛋白尿持续超过150mg73.脑出血患者急性期影响死亡率及功能恢复的主要因素是:() C.脑水肿74.过敏性紫癜那种类型最常见:() A.皮肤型75.目前认为多数肾小球疾病的始发机制是:() C.免疫机制76.正常人消化道内铁吸收率最高的部位是:() B.十二指肠及空肠上部77.关于脑出血,最确切的诊断依据是:() D.突然偏瘫,头部CT见底节附近高密度影78.诊断糖尿病应首先选择下述哪项检查:() B.空腹血糖79.慢性肾炎治疗的主要目的是:() C.防止或延缓肾功能衰竭80.何时做头部CT检查,诊断脑梗塞阳性率较高() C.发病48小时81.糖尿病饮食治疗下列哪种是正确的() A.无论病情轻重都需饮食治疗82.脑出血的部位最常见的是() D.基底节出血83.判断糖尿病控制程度较好的指标是() C.糖化血红蛋白84.急性肾小球肾炎的治疗原则是:() A.以休息及对症处置为主85.引起肾盂肾炎最常见的致病菌是:() A.大肠杆菌86.贫血是外周血单位体积中() D.红细胞数、血红蛋白量和红细胞压积低于正常41.高热病人饮食及入量护理措施哪项不妥() C.出汗多时应多饮糖水87.癫痫持续状态时的护理措施不妥的是:() B.用力按压肢体制止抽搐88.引起急性肾小球肾炎的常见病因是:() D.溶血性链球菌A组12型感染89.糖尿病是一组病因不明的内分泌代谢病,其共同主要标志是:() D.血糖增高90.以下哪组为诊断肾病综合征所必须的:() B.大量蛋白尿+低蛋白血症91.蛋白尿是指:() C.成人每日蛋白尿持续超过150mg92正常人消化道内铁吸收率最高的部位是:() B.十二指肠及空肠上部93急性一氧化炭中毒,下列哪项治疗是错误的:() A.首先注射苏醒剂11.根据病因及发病机制贫血可分为:() C.红细胞生成减少、红细胞破坏过多及失血三类94高热病人饮食及入量护理措施哪项不妥() C.出汗多时应多饮糖水95.特发性血小板减少性紫癜首选治疗是() C.糖皮质激素96.尿毒症最早期的表现为:() C.胃肠道症状97.脑梗赛临床表现中,不应有的症状或体征是:() A.脑膜刺激征298以下哪组为诊断肾病综合征所必须的:() B.大量蛋白尿+低蛋白血症99诊断脑出血首选的检查是:() A.CT30.出血时间Duke法测定正常值为() C.14分钟31.诊断糖尿病应首先选择下述哪项检查:()32.脑出血最常见的原因是:() B.高血压和脑动脉硬化33.脑出血患者急性期影响死亡率及功能恢复的主要因素是:() C.脑水肿34.慢性肾炎临床表现错误的是:() D.不导致肾功能不全35.皮质醇增多症特有的临床表现是:() D.向心性肥胖37.关于脑出血,最确切的诊断依据是:() D.突然偏瘫,头部CT见底节附近高密度影38.女性,24岁,突然发热,一天后出现肉眼血尿,无尿频尿痛,化验尿常规蛋白(+),红细胞3040个/HP,白细胞1020个/HP。应考虑用何种检查:() A.尿细菌培养39.血小板在循环血中寿命为() D.811天42.肾病综合征最常见的并发症是:() C.感染43.急性白血病出血的主要原因是:() B.血小板减少44.糖尿病饮食治疗下列哪种是正确的() A.无论病情轻重都需饮食治疗46.风湿性疾病是指:() A.累及关节及周围软组织的一大类疾病47.糖尿病是一组病因不明的内分泌代谢病,其共同主要标志是:() D.血糖增高48.急性再障感染最多见于() B.呼吸道49.脑出血的内科治疗最重要的是:() A.控制脑水肿50.下列疾病最常出现血尿的是:() D.肾小球肾炎电大内科护理学网考题库(4)一、单项选择题(共50道试题,共100分。)1.风湿性疾病是指:(累及关节及周围软组织的一大类疾病)2.窦性心动过速的频率范围多为:(100150次/分)3.有心脏病引起的心脏骤停中,最常见的病因是:(冠心病)4.慢性肺心病病人痰液粘稠,首选的治疗措施是:( 雾化吸入)5.以下哪组为诊断肾病综合征所必须的:(大量蛋白尿+低蛋白血症)6.下列药物中,能溶解心梗病人冠状动脉中的血栓,使濒死心肌得以存活的药物是(尿激酶)7.肝性脑病患者使用精氨酸的目的是(与游离氨结合,从而降低血氨)34.肝性脑病最早出现的症状是:(性格和行为异常)8.急性出血坏死型胰腺炎特征性体征是:(脐周及侧腹皮肤呈青紫色)9.下列哪项有利于室性心动过速与室上性心动过速的鉴别:(心电图有心室夺获及室性融合波)10.慢性肾炎临床表现错误的是:(不导致肾功能不全)11.下列哪项不是溃疡性结肠炎的治疗原则:(早期手术切除全结肠可根治本病)12.原发性肝癌肝外血行转移最常见的部位是:(肺)13.典型心绞痛病人含用硝酸甘油后疼痛缓解时间多在:(15分钟)14.诊断胃溃疡恶变最有价值的是:(胃镜见溃疡形状不规则,底部凹凸不平)15.皮质醇增多症特有的临床表现是:(向心性肥胖)16.怎样判断肺结核病人有无传染性:(查痰结核菌)17.慢性肺心病最常见的病因是:(慢性阻塞性肺疾病)18.溃疡性结肠炎最严重的并发症是:(中毒性巨结肠)19.易发生洋地黄中毒的原因下列哪项不准确:(机体代谢率明显增高时)20.为预防结核病的发生与流行,最关键的措施是(合理化疗治愈肺结核排菌病人)21.糖尿病是一组病因不明的内分泌代谢病,其共同主要标志是:(血糖增高)22.指出下列哪种心律失常是临床最常见的:(过早搏动)23.慢性支气管炎最常见的并发症是:(阻塞性肺气肿)24.下面关于胃溃疡的叙述不正确的是(节律性上腹痛)25.肺性脑病不能用高浓度吸氧的主要原因是:(解除了颈动脉窦的兴奋性)26.脑梗赛临床表现中,不应有的症状或体征是:(脑膜刺激征)27.结核杆菌感染人体的主要途径是:(呼吸道)28.下列哪项不属于门脉高压症的临床表现:(肝掌)29.下列诊断支气管哮喘的依据中,哪一项是错误的:(阵发性吸气性呼吸困难)30.急性再障感染最多见于(呼吸道)31.左心功能不全时肺部啰音的特点是:(湿啰音常见于两肺底,并随体位变化而改变)32.下列各因素均是粘膜的损害因素,除了(前列腺素)33.在导致甲亢的各种疾病中,哪种疾病最为多见(弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿(Graves病)34.诊断慢性胃炎最可靠的依据是:(胃镜检查及胃粘膜活检)35.下列有关心律失常护理的描述错误的是:(一旦发现病人出现室速必须立即进行电除颤)36.特发性气胸与继发性气胸最主要的区别是:(有无肺的基础疾病)37.诊断急性肺水肿最具有特征意义的依据是:(严重呼吸困难伴粉红色泡沫样痰)38.尿毒症病人贫血的主要原因是:(促红细胞生成素减少)39.慢性心衰患者常易诱发心衰的因素是:(肺部感染)40.肝性脑病时出现的震颤为:(扑翼样震颤)41.脑出血的内科治疗最重要的是:(控制脑水肿)42.女性,30岁,5天前淋雨后发冷发热、胸痛、咳嗽、气短,既往有结核病史。查体:左肺下部叩浊,可闻水泡音,痰结核菌集菌阴性,白细胞32x109/L,胸片左肺下叶大片状致密阴影,考虑诊断为:(肺炎球菌肺炎)43.心功能不全时下述减轻心脏负荷的治疗措施中,哪一项是不正确的(凡是心功能不全的病人均应卧床休息)44.急性胰腺炎禁用的镇痛药物是:(吗啡)45.切断肺结核传染链的最有效的方法是:(发现并治愈痰培养阳性病人)46.出血时间Duke法测定正常值为(14分钟)47.男性,56岁,患高血压性心脏病6年,近一年来,每天从事原有日常活动时出现心悸,气短,休息后好转,可判定为:(心功能级)48.脑血栓形成的最常见病因是:(脑动脉粥样硬化)49.结核性腹膜炎腹水性质最常见的是:(渗出液)50.风湿热的发病与哪种致病菌关系密切:(A族溶血性链球菌)1.甲亢时最有诊断意义的体征是:(弥漫性甲状腺肿伴血管杂音)2.特发性血小板减少性紫癜首选治疗是(糖皮质激素)3.心脏的营养供应是来自(冠状动脉)6.慢性肺心病心衰病人最常见的护理诊断是:(体液过多)7.胃炎的急诊胃镜检查应在上消化道出血后:(12天内进行)8.肝性脑病的发病机制是:() A.氨中毒B.假神经递质C.氨基酸代谢不平衡D.上述多种因素综合作用所致9.脑血栓形成的典型临床表现不包括(脑膜刺激征明显)10.慢性肾盂肾炎患者经系统治疗,尿常规已正常,还应做哪项检查,以判断治疗效果:(尿细菌培养)11.再障最主要的诊断依据是:(骨髓增生不良)14.根据国内标准,血红蛋白测定下列哪项可诊断为贫血:(成年女性低于110g/L)15.病人体力活动明显受限,轻于日常的活动即可引起乏力、心悸、呼吸困难,说明此时病人心功能处于:(级)17.下列心功能不全治疗方案中,可以起到减轻心脏负荷作用的是:() A.休息、限盐B.使用利尿剂C.使用血管扩张药D.以上都可以18.慢性气管炎病人咳嗽、咳痰与下列哪项关系最为密切:(黏液腺增生)19.治疗洋地黄中毒伴心率缓慢者时宜选用:(阿托品)20.诊断右心功能不全时,最可靠的体征是:(肝颈静脉回流征阳性)21.根据病因及发病机制贫血可分为:(红细胞生成减少、红细胞破坏过多及失血三类)22.支气管扩张症最常见的病因是(婴幼儿期的麻疹、支气管肺炎)23.护理服用洋地黄制剂的病人时,下列哪项措施是错误的?(如果上一顿药物漏服,下一顿应加倍剂量)24.男性,35岁,有胃溃疡病史,今日早饭后突然上腹部疼痛,拒按。查体:全腹呈板状硬,可能的诊断为:(溃疡穿孔)25.引起肾盂肾炎最常见的致病菌是:(大肠杆菌)26.男性,30岁,阵发性心悸2年,每次突然发生,持续30分钟1小时不等。查体:心率200次/分,律齐,心电图示:QRS波型正常,P波不能明确查见,诊断为:(阵发性室上性心动过速)27.慢性肺心病急性加重期的最常见诱因是:(呼吸道感染)28.慢性支气管炎最主要的病因是:(长期吸烟)30.一病人呕吐症状重,且呕吐量大,并含有隔夜食物及腐臭味,此时应考虑可能的诊断是:(幽门梗阻)32.肺心病时最常见的心脏改变是:(右心室肥大)33.下述哪项不符合震颤麻痹的症状(可导致瘫痪)35.心绞痛发作的典型部位是:(心前区向上臂放)37.慢性肺心病最常见的并发症是:(肺性脑病)38.长期血压增高容易引起那些脏器的并发症出现:(心、脑、肾)39.限制钠盐摄入、运动等非药物治疗方法适用于(全部高血压病患者)40.易并发中毒性巨结肠的疾病是:(溃疡性结肠炎)41.中国人最常见的肝硬化原因是:(病毒性肝炎)42.肝性脑病时出现的震颤为:(扑翼样震颤)43.支气管扩张症的治疗主要是:(保持呼吸道通畅和控制感染)44.血管扩张药治疗心功能不全的主要机制是:(降低心脏前、后负荷)45.下列关于正常窦性心律的描述哪项是错误的:(心率绝对匀齐)46.判断糖尿病控制程度较好的指标是(糖化血红蛋白)47.肺心病的最常见的死亡原因是(肺性脑病)48.女性,24岁,突然发热,一天后出现肉眼血尿,无尿频尿痛,化验尿常规蛋白(+),红细胞3040个/HP,白细胞1020个/HP。应考虑用何种检查:(尿细菌培养)49.心脏的正常起搏点位于(窦房结)50.下列方法用于治疗窦性心动过缓,除了(喘定)请您务必删除一下内容,O(_)O万分谢谢!2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全,电大期末考试必备小抄,电大考试必过小抄Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation destination for Chinese this summer, along with Thailands Phuket island and the Maldives archipelago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to Indonesia, the government in Jakarta has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Chinese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locations, including the Soekarno Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, the Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu International Airport in Medan, by just getting their passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is called the free-visa scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tourists can save $35 on visa fees, which will likely make trips to Indonesia more alluring. While such an arrangement allows Chinese visitors to stay up to 30 days for the purpose of traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get paid visas from that countrys missions inBeijing,Shanghai,GuangzhouorHong Kong, according to an official at the Indonesia embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto, head of the embassys information, social and cultural section, says the new policy is aimed at strengthening people-to-people contacts between the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a major Chinese online travel agency, says: Weve seen a nearly 50 percent growth over the previous month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the policy was announced. During his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko Widodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase two-way visits to a maximum of 10 million people in the next few years. The Indonesian government has set their sights on greeting 2 million Chinese tourists by the end of this year, according to the official. The Indonesian government hopes that Indonesian nationals would also be given preferential treatment while visiting China, says Darmosumarto. In 2013, the number of Chinese tourists who visited Indonesia stood around 807,000. Last year, it increased to 959,000, he adds. Bali remains the most popular site among Chinese tourists. In February, more than 92,200 Chinese tourists made trips to Bali, ranking first among overseas visitors, the Bali Times reported. Last year, the island witnessed more than 586,000 arrivals from China, an increase of 51 percent over 2013. Bali isnt just for sightseeing, but also for weddings, honeymoons, golf and many outdoor activities, says Fan Wenqing, a marketing executive at Garuda, Indonesias national airliner. Garuda offers three nonstop flights between Beijing and Bali, and four each week between Beijing and Jakarta. There are daily flights from Guangzhou, inGuangdongprovince, and Shanghai to Jakarta as well. It takes from six to eight hours on a nonstop flight to reach Indonesia from China. Indonesia is home to more than 17,000 islands. Tourists can tour Yogyakarta to see Prambanam and Borobudur, two historical and religious sites, and explore the local handicraft markets. The base of a volcano, Bandung, which is also known as the Paris of Java, is ideal for adventure-seekers. Many ecotourism destinations, such as Toba Lake in Sumatra, Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan and Bunaken in Manado, are places the embassy official recommends for tourists. Indonesia boasts world-class surfing facilities along the shores of Sumatra down to Nusa Tenggara Islands. Recently, Lombok, a sister island east of Bali has gotten so much attention from Chinese travelers that some travel agencies are offering twin packages for Bali and Lombok. The best time to visit Bali is from May to October, when it doesntrainmuch and the weather is cool. At press time, a weeklong package from Shanghai or Guangzhou to Bali was a little more than 3,000 yuan ($480) on Ctrips website. Chinese tourists have taken a shine to rafting in Ubud, sightseeing in Tanah Lot, and surfing and diving in Nusa Lembongan, says Dai. Civet coffee, essential oil and woodcarvings are among the most popular products for Chinese tourists in Indonesia, she says. Indonesian food is also something that visitors shouldnt miss. Local cuisines feature many spices, including peppers and cloves, and coconut pulp. Fried rice, dirty duck and roast suckling pig are recommended. Childrens illustration books first appeared in the 1600s in Europe. Their passage to China, however, took much longer, roughly 300 years. In China, childrens illustration books have a history of just 100 years and their development can be divided into four stages. From early 1900s to mid 1900s, a large number of books and magazines with illustrations appeared with the fast development of the modern publishing industry. The illustrationarts at that time were a mixed genre of Chinese traditionalpaintings and the westernstyle, and most of the stories originate from the fundamental changes that China experienced after the collapse of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the warlord struggles and the war against the Japanese invasion. The second stage was from mid 1900s to late 1970s, when the cultural revolution (1966-76) ended. The fast development of some special publishing houses for children gave birth to a large number of illustration-story books, which made a good use of folk art techniques, such as wood board carving, frescoes, and ink and wash painting, etc. Many of the popular stories are from Chinese history and wars after 1900s. The third stage is from early 1980s to late 1990s, a golden period for the development of childrens illustration books. The reform and opening-up brought in new concepts and ideas from the West to China, a country that had been closed to the West for nearly three decades. Fast development of economy, society and culture provided the writers and painters with a lot of inspiration to create new literature works and draw illustrations. China also imported large amounts of childrens illustration books from the West and Japan. Many young parents in China have a strong nostalgia about childrens illustration books they read in the 1980s and 1990s. This is also the last era in Chinas artistic innovation before the advent of the Internet period. The fourth stage is featured with the spread of the Internet and the other computerized means of art innovation. The hand-drawn childrens illustration books are gradually replaced by cartoons drawn and copied by software and machines, and shown on tablets,
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