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高考作文全国英语高考试卷中的写作题目主要是：记人、叙事、写信、通知或看图作文等。大多为记叙文、议论文和应用文。在写作时，考生应注意以下几点：(1)写记叙文时要有时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果六要素，写作的时候要明白清楚地写出来。写人物时，要注意介绍人物的身世、经历和事迹等。叙事时要描写事情发生的经过与发展的结果，写清楚事情发生的前因后果等。 (2)写议论文时要求考生就某一方面的问题通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来阐述自己的看法。议论文应由论点、论据、论证三部分构成。 (3)高考英语应用文主要以写信为主。英文书信主要由6个部分组成，即：信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签字。信的正文和写文章一样，要分段落写，每一段要有一个中心思想。在写作中，首先，要根据试题里的“提示”确定一个写作中心，再根据这个中心，列出写作提纲，提纲一定要包含所提供的情景要点，同时要尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇与句型。然后，用自己熟悉的词汇与句型扩展成篇。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题。一、写作步骤步骤一：认真审题立意，确定写作中心。以命题作文“The Classmate I Admire Most”为例，文章的主题是关于记叙我最欣赏的一位同学，因而就不能泛泛谈论这位同学的家庭关系、社会背景等步骤二：围绕中心，列出写作提纲。提纲一定要包含所提供的情景、要点，同时尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇与句型。仍以“The Classmate I Admire Most”为例，提纲可以这样写： Who is the Classmate I admire most?My reasons. (Some Examples)What can I learn from the classmate。步骤三，根据字数要求，扩展成篇。有几个可以遵循的规律，供大家参考：天星版权所有1、在整篇文章中，努力避免只是用一、两个句式。要灵活运用各种句式。如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等。2、使用不同长度的句子，通过分句和合句，增强句子地连贯性和表现力。3、改变句子的开头方式，不要一味以主、谓、宾、状的次序，可以把状语置于句首，或用分词等。4、学会使用关联词。如： 递进关系： furthermore；moreover；further；In this way ；still； not only.but also.； not.but.； in addition (to)；etc。 转折关系：but；even so；however；though；even though；etc。 归纳总结类：in other words；on the whole; in sum; therefore；hence；in short； to sum up；in conclusion; in summary；etc。 强调关系：in fact; especially；particularly；moreover；naturally; what is more important； in reality； indeed; in particular；etc。 对照(不同点)：yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither . nor; although; though; but; however; etc。 并列关系： and; also; as well as；either.，or.；both.and. etc。 先后次序关系：at this time; first; second; at last; previously; simultaneously; last but not least；to begin with；etc。 结果关系：accordingly; thus; consequently; thereupon; etc。 顺序关系： at the outset，following this; at this time; etc。 重申关系：in other words; that is to say; as I have said; etc。5、尽量避免重复使用同一单词或词组。天步骤四、利用最后的时间做“机械性”写作练习，强化记忆。例如：常用的应用文如通知、书信等都有其固定的格式及写作技巧，读懂具体内容，然后把内容套进特定的格式中去，就是一篇条理清楚的书面表达了。二、尝试改变句型用并列连词把意义相关的几个句子连起来，避免句子冗长累赘，松散无力，使句子凝炼，层次清晰 (1 ) I was walking along Park Road towards the east. At that time, an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. (2000NMET) (2) The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, and it/which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. 2. 试着改变句子的开头，不要一味地都是主语开头，接着是谓语，宾语，最后加一个状语要灵活应用倒装句、强调句、主从复合句、分词状语等，这样能增加文章的节奏和韵律美 (1) We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning. Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together. (2) Our brave Ah Fu had saved my little sister. It was our brave Ah Fu who had saved my little sister. 在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句型,要灵活运用各种语法结构,使文章有声有色 (1)、改变时态 例:The bell is ringing now.(一般) There goes the bell! (高级) (2)、改变语态 例:People suggest that the conference be put off.(一般) It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高级) (3)、使用不定式 例:He is so kind that he can help me.(一般) He is so kind as to help me.(高级) (4)、使用过去分词 例: She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(一般) Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.(高级) Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.(一般) Once seen, it can never be forgotten.(高级) (5)、使用V-ing形式 例: When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.(一般) On arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail.(高级) If the weather permits, Ill come tomorrow.(一般) Ill come tomorrow, weather permitting.(高级) (6)、使用名词性从句 例: It disappointed everybody that he didnt turn up.(一般) The fact that he didnt turn up disappointed everybody.(高级) I happened to have met him.(一般) It happened that I had met him.(高级) To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.(一般) What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things. (高级) (7 )、使用定语从句 The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.(一般) The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.(高级) (8)、使用状语从句 例: I wont believe what he says.(一般) No matter what he says, I wont believe.(高级) If you come back before six oclock, you can go out.(一般) You can go out on condition that(provided that) you come back before six oclock.(高级) If she doesnt agree, what shall we do?(一般) Supposing that she doesnt agree, what shall we do?(高级) 三、练习1. 改变时态或者语态。He joined the club two years ago.(一般过去时)Two years has passed since he joined the club.（现在完成时）People suggest that the meeting should be put off.Its suggested that the meeting should be put off.（主动变被动）2. 灵活使用不定式。They know the plan and the plan will be carried out next weekThey know the plan to be carried out next week.It is difficult and I cant finish it.I find it difficult to finish it.3. 使用过去分词。She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.4. 使用现在分词。When you arrive, you can send me an e-mail. On arriving, you can send me an e-mail.5. 使用定语从句和状语从句。The girl is spoken highly of. Her article was well written.The girl whose article was well written is spoken highly of.6. 使用名词性从句。To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things. What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.7. 使用强调句型。Lincoln was murdered at the theatre.It was at theatre that Lincoln was murdered.9. 避免汉语式英语思维。他家昨天发生了一场火灾。 误：His home broke out a fire last night. 正：A fire broke out in his home last night. 我是最爱学习的学生”写成“I was the most love study student.”应该是I am a student who love to study the most.“4岁的时候，他的父亲就去世了。 误：At the age of four, his father died. 正：When he was four years old, his father died. 四 英语作文改写训练： 作文样本：Every family has lots of housework. Everyone should do some of it. I help my parents do housework such as washing clothes, cleaning the room and watering flowers. I will do it well for my family. I think Ive learned how to take good care of myself and my family by doing housework. Sometimes doing housework is an enjoyable experience. And doing housework is also a kind of exercise. I can feel proud of myself only in this way. I think doing housework is useful and valuable The summer holiday is coming. I will learn to do more housework. And my parents will be happy.这篇作文样本是部分同学典型的作文风格，带有初中作文的痕迹。几乎所有的句子都的简单的主谓宾或者主系表句子。每个句子的主语都是第一人称开头。词汇的使用量不大，简单单词的重复使用频率高。复杂句型几乎没有。针对改写训练：要求：1. 要求尽可能多的使用今天所学习到的变换句型。2. 注意替换某些简单单词和使用一些固定词组以及连接词。Every family has lots of housework, which should be done by most of us.（定语从句改写）As for me, (上下句的连接词添加) some of the housework such as washing clothes, cleaning the room and watering flowers is what I can help for my parents.(主语从句改写) Meanwhile, I will try my best（添加固定词组）to do it well for my family. Personally,the more housework I do, the more(比较级句型使用) I have learnt how to take care of myself as well as （替换and）my family . In some ways (替换sometimes), I find that doing housework is not only anenjoyable experience but also a kind of exercise. （使用固定句型）Only in this way, can I feel proud of myself.(使用倒装句) It is useful and valuable for me to do housework. (it is + adj + for sb to do sth 使用不定式句型)It is never too old to learn. (引用名人名言) I will keep on doing more housework to makemy family happy in the coming（使用现在分词）summer holiday.五、掌握常用句型： 1. in order to为了实现他的梦想，他学习非常努力。 He worked very hard in order to realize his dream.2. in order that她拼命干活以便到六点时把一切都准备就绪。She worked hard in order that everything would be ready by 6 oclock.3. prefer to dorather than do比起女人，男人总是宁可在家睡觉也不愿花那么多时间来购物。Compared with women, men always prefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much timeshopping.4. not onlybut also在短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所有课程，而且还获得了博士学位。In just three years, she had not only finished all the lessons, but also received herdoctors degree.5. eitheror如果考试过关，你可以买一个MP3或去云南玩一趟。You could either buy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam.6. notuntil直到他告诉我发生的事，我才了解真相。I didnt know the truth until she told me what happened.7. as if他夸夸其谈好像什么事都知道。He talks a lot as if he knows everything.8. It is no use (good) doing假装不懂规则是行不通的。Its no use pretending that you didnt know the rules.9. find it + adj to do我觉得作听力时有必要作笔记。I find it necessary to take down notes while listening.10. It isthat我最珍视的是友谊。It is friendship that I value most.六、翻译句子1.利远远大于弊”The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.（注：句中the advantages与the disadvantages具有正反对比的关系和效果。）2. “他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实 They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements，but have ignored a more important fact.（注：句中have noticed与have ignored，a grain of truth in the statements与a more important fact具有正反对比的关系和效果。）3.这样做既有积极效果也有消极效果It will have both negative and positive effects by so doing.（注：句中negative与positive具有正反对比的关系和效果）4.我们既有与我们很为相似的朋友，又有与我们很为不同的朋友We have friends similar to us and friends different from us.（注：句中similar to与different from具有正反对比的关系和效果）5.读书使我们聪明，锻炼使我们强健Reading makes us wise while exercises make us strong. 排比英文中有时也使用排比句式，这种句式整齐而有气势，又不会使人感到单调。 6.现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了”，可以这样表达：Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now is the time to work hard for the future.（注：此句为句首重复，重复部分为句首的now it the time to）重复英文一般讲求简洁，因此为表达强调偶尔使用重复可以使语句的强调内容得到突出。英文的重复又根据被重复词语在语句中的位置分为句首重复、句尾重复、首尾重复、尾首重复等。我们渴望成功，而且正在为成功而努力工作We long for success and we are working hard for success.（注：此句为句尾重复，重复的部分为句尾的for success.）我相信我们能够成功，我相信我们也一定会成功I am convinced that we can succeed，and Iam convinced that we must succeed.（注：and所连接的两个语句的句首与句尾部分同时重复，重复的部分为句首的I am convinced that与句尾的succeed）我们现在生活在一个新的时代，而一个改革充满着风险与机遇We are now living in a new era，and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances.（注：and之前的句尾与and之后的句首重复，重复部分为a new era.）7.充满着风险与机遇的改革的新时代正向我们走来”，可以这样表达：倒装这里说的倒装不同于前述非修辞性的语法结构倒装。非修辞性的语法结构倒装是语句的语法结构所限定的，没有自由选择的余地，只要运用需要倒装结构的句型就要采用倒装结构。这里所说的倒装是指修辞性语义结构倒装，是进行强调的一种手段，它利用了语句句首（或句尾）的特殊位置。Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances. 5. 过去的经历就像图片一样总是在脑海中萦绕转义转义是一种对词语灵活运用的修辞手段，主要有比喻、拟人、夸张、反语、婉转等，比喻又包括明喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻等。What had been experienced in the past was always looming in memory like a picture.（注：此句采用明喻，明喻的特点是使用了like一词）七、常见句型英语书信的常见写作模板开头部分：1.How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity.2.Im glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th.Im pleased to hear that youre coming to China for a visit.3.Im writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.结尾部分：With best wishes.Im looking forward to your reply. /Id appreciate it if you could reply earlier.二、口头通知常见写作模板呼语及开场白部分：Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.正文部分：All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes. Please listen carefully and well have a discussion in groups. Please come on time and dont be late.结束语部分：Please come and join in it.Everybody is welcome to attend it.I hope youll have a nice time here.Thats all. Thank you.三、议论文模板1.正反观点式议论文模板导入：第1段：Recently weve had a discussion about whether we should. (导入话题)Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)正文： 第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点) Here are the reasons. First. Second. Finally.(列出23个赞成的理由) 第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点) Their reasons are as follows. In the first place. Whats more. In addition.(列出23个反对的理由)结论： 第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点) 2.“A或者B”类议论文模板：导入：第1段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others,however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.正文：第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that . Another reason is that.(赞同A的原因) 第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent. (列出12个B的优势)结论：第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that .(得出结论)3.观点论述类议论文模板：导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句，承上启下)正文：第2段：First of all. Secondly. Besides.(列出23个赞成或反对的理由)结论：第3段：In conclusion, I believe that. (照应第1段，构成总分总结构)4.How to类议论文模板：导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题正文：第2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all. Another way to solve the problem is . Finally.(列出23个解决此类问题的办法)结论：第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to.(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)四、图表作文写作模板The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题. The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点 . This means that as (进一步说明).We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一 . After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化， the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化) . The figures also tell us that图表细节二 . In the column, we can see that accounts for (进一步描述).Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that (结论). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that (给出原因). / It is high time that we (发出倡议).五、图画类写作模板：1.开头 Look at this picture./The picture shows that./From this picture, we can see./As is shown in the picture./As is seen in the picture.2.衔接句 As we all know, ./As is known to all,./It is well known that./In my opinion,./As far as I am concerned,./This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.3.结尾句In conclusion./In brief./On the whole./In short./In a word./Generally speaking./As has been stated.
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