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形 容 词用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。本节主要讲解：形容词的作用、位置、形容词表示类别和整体、比较级和最高级、常见形容词的辨析。1.形容词的作用，见下表：作 用例 句定 语You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.表 语Your coat is too small.宾语补足语The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如：Dont wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.The old man is alone.2. 形容词的位置（1）作定语时放在名词的前面如：a big wheel一个大木轮（2）作表语时放在连系动词之后。如：The price sounds reasonable.(这个价格听起来算是合理)（3）作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁)（4）多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：冠词或人称代词 数词 性质 大小 形状 表示老少，新旧 颜色事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。（3）形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：Youd better tell us something interesting.The police found nothing strange in the room.3. 用形容词表示类别和整体 （1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，相当于把形容词名词化。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungryThe young should take good care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。The rich never help the poor in this country.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。（2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor.4. 形容词原级、比较级、最高级（1）分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。规则变化： 单音节或双音节的形容词（或副词）比较级er最高级est smallsmallersmallest等以e结尾的词，比较级r，最高级st即可nicenicernicest以辅音字母y结尾的，变y为ier或est easyeasiereasiest双写最后一个辅音字母er或est hothotterhottest 一些双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加more和most，如： difficult - more difficult - most difficult不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身体)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的(不可数)；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)（2）形容词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是： 主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather) + 形容词/副词原级 +. 如：He is very old now.(他现在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) / The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐) 表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型： 主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +. 如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多) 表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型： 主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+. 如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) / They didnt pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型： 主语+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(B)+. 如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了) / This book didnt cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：主语+ 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(B) +. 如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是： 主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of . 如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)重要注释：以上六个句型中,如果动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词；如果后面是连系动词,则后面用形容词。如：This car is the fastest of the four.(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的)/ This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越来越温暖了)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越就越”。如：The more trees we plant,the better it will be.(我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好)/ The harder you try,the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,进步就越大)一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加much/a little/even/still,而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等词。如：It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)/ Would you like some more coffee?(你还要些咖啡吗？)/He did not eat any more.(他没有再吃)more than / less than分别可以理解为“多于/少于”,相当于副词,more than=over; less than=under.如：I lived in New York for more than four months.(我在纽约生活了四个多月)“one of the +最高级+名词(复数)”整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。如：One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧毁了)“Which / Who+动词+形/副比较级,or?”句型中,如果有两个选项,形/副用比较级,如果有三个选项,形/副用最高级。如：Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林涛和韩梅谁的书最多？)/ Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant?(猪、马、象哪个最重？)5.常见形容词辨析 whole与all：记住两个词序： the whole + 名词； all (of) the + 名词。如：He was busy the whole morning.(整个早晨他都很忙) / He can remember all the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词) tall与high, short与low：指人的个子时用tall与short；指其他事物时一般用high与low。如：Hes very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) / Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的两侧有高大的树木) / A few people live on high mountains.(少量的人住在高山上) real与true：real一般指东西的真假,译为“真的”；而true则指事情或消息的可靠性,译为“真实的”。如：This is a real diamond(钻石) and its very expensive.(这是货真价实的钻石,非常贵) / -Is that true?Yes. I heard it with my own ears.(那真实吗？ 是的,我亲耳所听) interested与interesting的区别：interesting指人或东西“有趣的”,作定语或表语,而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”,只能作表语。如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. (这个人很有趣,孩子们都喜欢他)/ This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(这本书很有趣,你会真正获得享受) / I am interested in science.(我对自然科学感兴趣) such用法： such + a(n) + 名词(单数)(+that从句)。如：I have never seen such a foolish(愚蠢的) boy.(我从来没有见过这么蠢的男孩) / He had such a terrible accident that he could never forget it.(他遭遇了这么可怕的事故,他永远也不会忘记) good与well：表示“好”时,作定语或表语用good,作状语用well；表示“(身体)好”时用well.如：Doing sports is good for us.(进行运动对我们有益) / Study well and make progress every day.(好好学习,天天向上) / -How are you?I am very well.(你好吗？我很好。) nice与fine：的区别：nice表示令人愉快的,可以指东西、人物外表等；fine一般指身体或天气好。如：Lets go and share(分享) the nice cake.(我们去分享那块美味的蛋糕吧) / She is a nice girl.(他是个漂亮的姑娘) / What a fine day!(多好的天气！) /Hes fine recently(最近).(近来他身体不错) too much与much too：too much表示“太多的”,修饰事物数量；much too表示“太过,过分”,修饰形容词或副词。如：I am full because I have had too much rice.(我饱了,因为我吃了太多的米饭) / That coat is much too dear.(那件大衣太贵了) quick、fast与soon：quick与fast基本同义,quick往往指反应速度快,fast往往指运动速度快,而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。如：After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.(匆匆地吃过早饭,他朝学校赶去,却把书包忘记在家) / A train is much faster than a bus.(火车比公共汽车快得多) / His father will be back to China very soon.(他父亲很快就要返回中国)lonely与alone：lonely是表示心理活动的形容词,意思是：“孤独的,寂寞的”,作定语或表语；alone的意思是：“独自的,单独的”,指无人陪伴,仅作表语,(作为副词的alone可作状语)。如：He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.(他一人独住,但是并不感到孤独)/ He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him.(他是个孤独的人,你要和他相处好实在不易) other与else的区别：两个词都可以作形容词,但是用法不同,other放在名词前；else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much,后置,另外,or else表示“否则”,是连词。如：The other students are on the playground.(其他学生在操场上) / Who else can work out this maths problem?(还有谁能解出着道数学题？) / This is nobody elses money. Its mine.(这不是别的什么人的钱,是我的。) / Do you have anything else to say for yourself?(你还有什么要为自己说的吗？ special与especial的区别：表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时,两个词可互换,但special较为常用。另外,special还可以表示特别的目的。如： She pays (e)special attention to clothes.(她非常注重着装) / These are special chairs for small children.(这些是专门给小孩子的椅子) gone、lost、missing的区别：gone表示“丢了,没了”,含一去不复返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表语或宾补,不可以作定语；lost表示“丢失”,含难以找回的意思,可作定语、表语或宾补；missing表示“失踪了,不见了”,强调某人物不在原处,可作定语、表语或宾补。如：My fever(高烧) is gone, but I still have a cough.(发烧消退了,但我仍然咳嗽) / The parents found the lost child at last.(家长终于找到了迷路的孩子) / My dictionary is missing.Whos taken it away?(我的字典不见了,谁拿走了？) / For more detailed information(详情) of the missing girls, please visit our website(网址).(如果想知道失踪女孩们的详情,请访问我们的网站) living、alive、live、lively的区别：四个词都来源于动词live“生活、居住”。living有三个意思：“活着的、现存的”,作表语或定语,“一模一样的、逼真的”,相当于lively,意思是“强烈的、活泼的”；live指东西“活的”,可以替换为living；alive作表语,指人“活着的”,如果作定语,则放在名词的后面；lively有三个意思：有生气的、活泼的、快活的,(色彩)鲜艳的,生动的、真实的。例如：A living language should be learned orally(口头上).(活的语言应该从口头上学)(被动句) / We have a living hope that you will succeed.(我们强烈地希望你能成功) / Is she still alive?(她还活着吗？) / They are the happiest children alive.(他们是活着的最开心的孩子) / This is a live fish.(这是条活鱼) / A live wire(电线) is dangerous.(有电的电线是危险的) / She is as lively as a kitten(小猫).(她像小猫一样可爱) / He gave a lively description of the football match.(他生动地描述了那场足球赛) sick与ill区别：sick和ill都表示“生病的”,但是,sick可以做定语、表语,而ill只能做表语。如：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now.(他病了很久,现在非常虚弱) / Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets owners like them.(兽医帮助诊治患病的宠物,很受宠物主人们的喜爱)
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