初中英语语法口诀大全.doc

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羀肇薃螇袆肇节薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇螃袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁螂蚄膁薄薄肃膁芃蒇罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿袂芅蒄蒂袈芅芄螈螄芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芁螄螀羈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅羁羅莇袁袇羄蒀蚄螃羃薂蒆肁羃节蚂羇羂莄蒅袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肇节薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇螃袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁螂蚄膁薄薄肃膁芃蒇罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿袂芅蒄蒂袈芅芄螈螄芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芁螄螀羈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅羁羅莇袁袇羄蒀蚄螃羃薂蒆肁羃节蚂羇羂莄蒅袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肇节薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇螃袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁螂蚄膁薄薄肃膁芃蒇罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿袂芅蒄蒂袈芅芄螈螄芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芁螄螀羈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅羁羅莇袁袇羄蒀蚄螃羃薂蒆肁羃节蚂羇羂莄蒅袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肇节薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇螃袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁螂蚄膁薄薄肃膁芃蒇罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿袂芅蒄蒂袈芅芄螈螄芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芁螄螀羈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅羁羅莇袁袇羄蒀蚄螃羃薂蒆肁羃节蚂羇羂莄蒅袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肇节薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇螃袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁螂蚄膁薄薄肃膁芃蒇罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿袂芅蒄蒂袈芅芄螈螄芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芁螄螀羈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅羁羅莇袁袇羄蒀蚄螃羃薂蒆肁羃节蚂羇羂莄蒅袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肇节薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇螃袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁螂蚄膁薄薄肃膁芃蒇罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿袂芅蒄蒂袈芅芄螈螄芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芁螄螀羈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅羁羅莇袁袇羄蒀蚄螃羃薂蒆肁羃节蚂羇羂莄蒅袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肇节薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇螃袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁螂蚄膁薄薄肃膁芃蒇罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿袂芅蒄蒂袈芅芄螈螄芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芁螄螀羈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅羁羅莇袁袇羄蒀蚄螃羃薂蒆肁羃节蚂羇羂莄蒅袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肇节薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇螃袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁螂蚄膁薄薄肃膁芃蒇罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿袂芅蒄蒂袈芅芄螈螄芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芁螄螀羈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅羁羅莇袁袇羄蒀蚄螃羃薂蒆肁羃节蚂羇羂莄蒅袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肇节薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇螃袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁螂蚄膁薄薄肃膁芃蒇罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿袂芅蒄蒂袈芅芄螈螄芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芁螄螀羈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅羁羅莇袁袇羄蒀蚄螃羃薂蒆肁羃节蚂羇羂莄蒅袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肇节薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇螃袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁螂蚄膁薄薄肃膁芃蒇罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿袂芅蒄蒂袈芅芄螈螄芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芁螄螀羈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅羁羅莇袁袇羄蒀蚄螃羃薂蒆肁羃节蚂羇羂莄蒅袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肇节薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇螃袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁螂蚄膁薄薄肃膁芃蒇罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿袂芅蒄蒂袈芅芄螈螄芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芁螄螀羈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅羁羅莇袁袇羄蒀蚄螃羃薂蒆肁羃节蚂羇羂莄蒅袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肇节薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇螃袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁螂蚄膁薄薄肃膁芃蒇罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿袂芅蒄蒂袈芅芄螈螄芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芁螄螀羈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅羁羅莇袁袇羄蒀蚄螃羃薂蒆肁羃节蚂羇羂莄蒅袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肇节薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇螃袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁螂蚄膁薄薄肃膁芃蒇罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿袂芅蒄蒂袈芅芄螈螄芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芁螄螀羈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅羁羅莇袁袇羄蒀蚄螃羃薂蒆肁羃节蚂羇羂莄蒅袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肇节薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇螃袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁螂蚄膁薄薄肃膁芃蒇罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿袂芅蒄蒂袈芅芄螈螄芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芁螄螀羈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅羁羅莇袁袇羄蒀蚄螃羃薂蒆肁羃节蚂羇羂莄蒅袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肇节薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇螃袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁螂蚄膁薄薄肃膁芃蒇罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿袂芅蒄蒂袈芅芄螈螄芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芁螄螀羈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅羁羅莇袁袇羄蒀蚄螃羃薂蒆肁羃节蚂羇羂莄蒅袃肁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肇节薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇螃袃膃艿薆蝿膂莁螂蚄膁薄薄肃膁芃蒇罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羆芆莂虿袂芅蒄蒂袈芅芄螈螄芄莆薀肂芃葿螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芁 初中英语语法口诀大全清华大学英语系测试：为中学英语量身定做.官方网站：http:/qinghua.yeryy.com/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果、冠词基本用法 【速记口诀】 名词是秃子，常要戴帽子， 可数名词单，须用a或an， 辅音前用a， an在元音前， 若为特指时，则须用定冠， 复数不可数，泛指the不见， 碰到代词时，冠词均不现。 【妙语诠释】 冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一，也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有：名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用；表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the；如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。二、名词单数变复数规则 【速记口诀】 单数变复数，规则要记住， 一般加s，特殊有几处： /s/结尾，es不离后， 末尾字母o，大多加s， 两人有两菜，es不离口， 词尾f、fe，s前有v和e； 没有规则词，必须单独记。 【妙语诠释】 大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，但如果单词以/t?蘩/、/?蘩/、/s/发音结尾（也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x等结尾），则一般加es；以o结尾的单词除了两人（negro，hero）两菜（tomato，potato）加es外，其余一般加s；以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s；英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如childchildren，mousemice，deerdeer，sheepsheep，ChineseChinese，oxoxen，manmen，womanwomen，footfeet，toothteeth。三、名词所有格用法 【速记口诀】 名词所有格，表物是“谁的”， 若为生命词，加“s”即可行， 词尾有s，仅把逗号择； 并列名词后，各自和共有， 前者分别加，后者最后加； 若为无命词，of所有格， 前后须倒置，此是硬规则。 【妙语诠释】 有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加“”；并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加“s”，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加“s”；如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格，这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同，A of B要翻译为B的A。四、接不定式作宾语的动词 【速记口诀】 三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝； 设法学会做决定，不要假装在选择。 【妙语诠释】 三个希望两答应：hope，wish，want，agree，promise 两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse 设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide 不要假装在选择：petend，choose五、接动名词作宾语的动词 【速记口诀】 Mrs. P Black missed a beef bag. （布莱克夫人丢了一个牛肉袋。） 【妙语诠释】 该句话中每个字母代表了一个动词或短语，这些动词要求后面跟动名词作宾语。这些动词分别是： M=mind， r=risk， s=succeed in，P=practice，B=be busy， l=look forward to，a=admit，c=cant help， k=keep on， m=miss，i=insist on，s=suggest，s=stop，e=enjoy，d=delay，a=avoid，b=be worth，a=advise，g=give up。六、不定式作宾语补足语时省to的动词 【速记口诀】 一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮助 【妙语诠释】 一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to；三让：make，let，have；四看：see，notice，watch，ob-serve；半帮助：help。七、形容词和副词比较等级用法 【速记口诀】 1. 比较级与最高级：两者比较than相连，三者比较the在前。 2同级比较：同级比较用原形，asas永不离；asas加not，只言两者是同一，若是not soas，后强前弱不看齐。 【妙语诠释】 比较级通常和than连用，而最高级通常跟有定冠词the；同级比较一般用asas表示“与一样”，这时谁强谁弱不能比较出来，而not soas则表示后者比前者强，翻译为“不如”。八、反意疑问句用法 【速记口诀】 反意问句三要点，前后谓语正相反； 短句not如出现，必须缩写是习惯； 最后一点应注意，短句主语代词填。 【妙语诠释】 反意疑问句的构成应该是“肯定的陈述句+否定的疑问”或“否定的陈述句+肯定的疑问”；在短句中not必须与do，will，can等组成缩写形式；在简短问句中，疑问句的主语必须是代词，而不能用名词形式。九、感叹句用法 【速记口诀】 感叹句，并不难，what、how放句前； 强调名词用what，其余用how很简单。 【妙语诠释】 由what引导的感叹句一般修饰名词，而how引导的感叹句一般修饰形容词、副词或句子。 清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：http:/qinghua.yeryy.com/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果哈佛大学英语系研究，美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。官方网站：http:/hafo.yeryy.com/ 哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供初一英语阅读训练阅读理解1 I am Tony Smith. I am twelve. I am in No.101 Middle School. Im in Class 2, Grade 7. My good friend is Jim Green. He is an English boy. He is twelve, too. He is in my class. He can speak good Chinese. Jane is in Class 2, too. I think she is a good girl. My Chinese teacher is Mr. Wang. His students like him. He is very cool.根据短文填空，每空一词。1. Tony _ twelve. His last name is _.2. Tony and Jim are _ the same _. Jane is _ Class 2, too.3. Tony and Jim _ good _.4. Jims _ is very good.5. Mr. Wang is their _ teacher. He is _. His students him very much.阅读理解2Linda：Hello, Paul, is this your pencil?Paul：Yes, it is. Thank you.Linda：Is this your book?Paul：No, it isnt. Maybe（也许）its Marys.Linda：Mary, is this your book?Mary：No, it isnt. My book is here. Ask（问）Bill. Maybe its his.Linda：Bill, is this your book?Bill：Yes, it is.Linda：Here you are.Bill：Thank you very much. But where is my bag?根据对话判断正（T）误（F）。( )1. This is Lindas pencil.( )2. Bill is a student.( )3. The book is Bills.( )4. Mary cant find（找到）her book.( )5. Paul knows（认识）Linda and Mary.阅读理解3 Look at these things. This is Mr. Wangs ID card. And this is Jims watch, thats Marys key. Ginas notebook is over there. Look! Whats that on the floor? Oh, its gold ring. Its Jennys ring. Its very nice.根据短文选择最佳答案。1. This is Mr. Wangs _. A. notebook B. key C. ID card D. watch2. _ notebook is over there. A. Jims B. Ginas C. Jennys D. Marys3. Is this Jims watch? _ A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isnt. C. Yes, he is. D. No, he isnt.4. Is Jennys ring very nice? _ A. Yes, she is. B. No, she isnt. C. Yes, it is. D. No, it isnt.5. Mr. Wangs name is on his _. A. ring B. watch C. key D. ID card阅读理解4阅读短文，判断正（T）误(F)This is my friend John Wilson and his family. This is his grandfather. His name is Fritz. This is his grandmother. Her name is Evenly. This is his mother. Her name is Anna. This is his father. His name is Earl. These are his sisters, Christie and Carina. ( )1.Fritz is Johns grandfather.( )2.Anna is his grandmother.( )3.John has two sisters.( )4.Earl is his father.( )5.Christie is Annas daughter.阅读理解5判断正误，正确的写“T”，错误的写“F”。 This is a picture of the twins room. It is a nice room. Lucys books are on the desk. Her schoolbag is on the floor. Lilys pencils are on the books. Her bag is behind her chair. Their coats are behind the door. We cant see Lucy and Lily in the picture. They are not at home.( ) 1. This is a picture of Lily and Lucys room.( ) 2. Lucys schoolbag is behind the chair.( )3. Lucys and Lilys coats are on the chair.( )4. Lucy and Lily are not at home.( )5. Their room is nice.阅读理解6This is Jims room. Its not big, but its very clean. There is a bed in the room. Its near the door. Under（在下）the bed, there are two balls. There is a desk and a chair near the window. There is a bookcase beside the desk. On the bookcase, there are many books and newspaper（报纸）. There are two pictures in the room, too. They are on the wall.根据短文选择最佳答案。( ) 1. The balls are _.A. near the window B. on the desk C. under the bed D. beside the desk( ) 2. Jims bed is _.A. near the door B. near the window C. on the bookcase D. on the wall( ) 3. _ are on the wall of Jims room.A. The books B. The balls C. The newspapers D. The pictures( ) 4. Jims _ are on his bookcase.A. books B. newspaper C. pictures D. A and B( ) 5. Jims room is _.A. big B. not clean C. dirty（脏的） D. not big阅读理解7 I am a student. I go jogging every morning, and I go swimming twice a week. I spent a lot of time playing all kinds of ball games. I like football, volleyball, and ping pong. I am very good at football, so I play on the school team. After school, I like playing ping pong with my friend, Liu Ming. Liu Ming is not only good at sports but also good at his studies.阅读短文和句子，正确的写T，错误的写F。( ) 1. I often go jogging in the morning.( ) 2. I go swimming once a week.( ) 3. I spend very little time playing ball games.( ) 4. I like to go swimming in my free time.( ) 5. Liu Ming is interested in his studies but not good at sports.阅读理解8Namehave /hasdont（doesnt）havePaula baseball, a soccer balla tennis racketGinaa backpack, a watcha baseball batJima basketball, a TVa pair of baseball glovesKatean alarm clocka watch, a ballTommya math book, CDsa video cassette根据表格所提供信息，选择最佳答案。( ) 1. Gina has _, but she doesnt have _.A. a watch; a ball B. a clock; a watchC. a clock; a ball D. a watch; a baseball bat( ) 2. Kate has _, but she doesnt have _.A. a watch; a ball B. a ball; a clockC. a book; CDs D. a clock; a watch( ) 3. Paul and Jim have _.A. books B. CDs C. balls D. tennis rackets( ) 4. Tommy has a _ and some _.A. watch; balls B. book; CDs C. baseball; CDs D. video cassette; books阅读理解9 My name is Diana, my sister is Gina. We have a volleyball, and we like it very much.