学术英语(医学)-Unit .ppt

学术英语医学 AcademicEnglishforMedicine Unit7 Physician PatientRelationshipLifecanbehard Relationshipsareoftendifficult Inaneraoffastadvancingmedicaltechnology rapidlychangingmedicalethics andinincreasinglylitigioussociety goodphysician patientrelationshipiscriticallyimportantforeffectivehealthcaredelivery Thisunitshedssomelightonhowtobuildsucharelationshiptohelpusthroughtheunpredictabilityinlife Unit7LifeandMedicine UnitContents Lead in TextA TextB TextC Listening Speaking Writing GetreadingforUnit8 Lead in IssuestobecoveredTask Unit7LifeandMedicine Lead in Issuestobecovered Theshiftfrompaternalisticparadigmtopatient centerparadigminmedicaldecisionmakingTheimportanceofgoodphysician patientrelationshipinboththemedicalpracticeandthepatient srecoveryThingsthatcountsinmaintainingaamiablephysician patientrelationshipThewaytocommunicateproperlyandeffectivelywiththepatients Unit7LifeandMedicine Lead in Decidewhetherlife supportsystemshouldbecontinuedorwithdrawn Decidewhethereuthanasiashouldbeconsidered Decidewhetheranewtherapyshouldbetried Decidewhethersurgeryshouldbethefirstchoiceorthelastresort Decidewhethertransferorreferralisneeded Task ReadthetitleofTextAandimaginethreedifferentsituationsinwhichdoctorsmaybeaskedtomake toughdecisions fortheirpatients Thenwritethemdown Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Criticalreadingandthinking Topicsforpresentation Usefulexpressions DifficultsentencesLanguagebuilding up Signpostlanguage VocabularytestSuggestedanswers Unit7LifeandMedicine TextACriticalreadingandthinking Topicsforpresentation 1Whatdifficultsituationistheyoungdoctorfacing AdyingpatientDecisionwhethertowithdrawlife supportmachinesandmedicationandstartcomfortmeasuresThefamily srefusaltomakeanydecisionorwithdrawanytreatments Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Usefulexpressions 护士站nursingstation停止使用呼吸机并停药 停止治疗withdrawlife supportmachinesandmedications treatment whowasimpressivenotonlyforhisclinicalskillsbutalsoforhisdevotiontopatients whowasimpressivenotonlyforhisclinicalskillsbutalsoforhisdevotiontopatientsItoldthemsufferingorcomfort itwastheirdecision Butintheend theymadenodecisionandjustwalkedrightoutoftheroom Criticalreadingandthinking Unit7LifeandMedicine 2Whatispaternalisticdecision makinginmedicine Topicsforpresentation TextACriticalreadingandthinking DoctorsasexclusivedecisionmakerPatientsasparticipantswithoutlittlesayinthefinalchoice Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Usefulexpressions Thewaydoctorsandpatientsapproachmedicaldecisionshaschangedsharplyoverthelast50years andpatients iftheyparticipated oftenhadlittlesayinthefinalchoice Criticalreadingandthinking Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Topicsforpresentation 3Inwhatwaycanpatientempowermentbegoodforthepatient Criticalreadingandthinking Respectforthepatient especiallythepatient sautonomyPatient centercareThePatientsasdecisionmakerbasedontheinformationprovidedbythedoctor Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Topicsforpresentation 3Inwhatwaycanpatientempowermentbegoodforthepatient Criticalreadingandthinking Twoprinciples tenets notionsinvolvedinthedecision makingprocessrespectforthepersonanewclinicalideal patient centeredcareinwards clinicsandoperatingroomsrespectforaperson sautonomylettingpatientsmaketheirowndecisions Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Topicsforpresentation 4Whydoestheauthorsaytoomuchphysicianrestraintmaynotbethatgoodforthepatient Criticalreadingandthinking Thepatientsareforcedtomakedecisionstheyneverwantto Patients atleastalargemajority prefertheirdoctorstomakefinaldecisions Shiftingresponsibilityofdecisionmakingtothepatientswillbringaboutmorestresstothepatientsandtheirfamilies especiallywhenthebestoptionforthepatientisuncertain Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Usefulexpressions amajorityofpatientsarebeinglefttomakedecisionsthattheyneverwantedtointhefirstplace Whenitcametomedicaldecisions almostalltherespondentswantedtheirdoctorstoofferchoicesandconsidertheiropinions Butamajorityofpatients twooutofthree alsopreferredthattheirdoctorsmakethefinaldecisionsregardingtheirmedicalcare notwhenthemedicalchoicesareobvious butwhenthebestoptionforapatientisuncertain whendoctorspasstheburdenofdecision makingtoapatientorfamily itcanexacerbateanalreadystressfulsituation Criticalreadingandthinking Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Topicsforpresentation 5 Whatkindofconsiderationsmayhavepreventeddoctorsfrommakingdecisionsfortheirpatients Criticalreadingandthinking Doctorsareverymuchcautiousaboutcommittingsomekindofethicaltransgression WhoamItopresumetoknowwhatmypatientsneed Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA ACaseinPoint LanguageMakesaDifference Tellrelativesthatitistheirchoicetowithdrawlifesupportfromadyingpatient Butthatdoctormayalsousevalue ladenlanguagetodescribetheoptions Onealternativemaybedescribedtothefamilyas reasonable or comforting whiletheotherisdepictedas invasive aggressive or painful Criticalreadingandthinking Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA ACaseinPoint LanguageMakesaDifference Dr Curlin sWisdomIBizarredishonestofcommunicationPatientsendupfeelingmanipulatedandwillresistmakinganydecisionatall Criticalreadingandthinking Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA ACaseinPoint LanguageMakesaDifference Dr Curlin sWisdomII Wehavetostopdrawingacirclearoundpatientsandtheirfamilies Wehavetostopsubjectingthemtothelonelinessandburdenofautonomyandinsteadbeginstandinginthatcirclewiththem Criticalreadingandthinking Unit7LifeandMedicine 6Doyouagreethatdoctorsshouldbepreparedtomakeanydecisionstogetherwiththeirpatients TextA Topicsforpresentation Criticalreadingandthinking Shoulderingresponsibilitytogetherwiththepatientmaybebetterthanhavingthepatientmakedecisionontheirownalone Balancingbetweenpaternalismandrespectforpatient sautonomyconstitutesalargepartofmedicalpractice Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Usefulexpressions thekeytopreservingpatientautonomy andpatient centeredcare liesnotinlettingpatientsmakethefinaldecisionsalonebutinrespectingtheiropinionsandshoulderingtheresponsibilitytogether Iadmit myself willneedtobemoremindfulofwhetherpatientswantthemtoshareinformation bedirectiveorhandovertheresponsibilityofthedecision Criticalreadingandthinking Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA AdditionalActivity WatchtheVideoandseewhataretipsgivenbyDr ThaddeusBelltobuildaAmiablePPRelationshipDoctor PatientRelationship Criticalreadingandthinking Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Difficultsentences Hewaslargeandpowerfullybuiltbutneverseemedtoloomoverhispatients Criticalreadingandthinking 他身材高大伟岸 但是从来不让病人有咄咄逼人的感觉 Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Difficultsentences asmovementscallingforpatientempowermentgrewandmedicalethicistsbeganarticulatingprinciplesregardingtheethicalcareofpatients Criticalreadingandthinking 要求病人授权的呼声越来越高 而且医学伦理学家也开始阐述病人伦理关怀的相关原则 Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Difficultsentences Onetenetthatgainedparticulartractionamongclinicians Criticalreadingandthinking 临床医生们尤为拥护的一条宗旨 thisethicalprincipleledtoanewclinicalideal patient centeredcare 这条伦理原则导致了一种新的临床理念的出现 以病人为中心的医护 Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Difficultsentences youngdoctors myselfincluded wouldbetrainedtorestrainourselvesfrommakinganythingbutemergencyormundanedecisionsforpatients Criticalreadingandthinking 包括我在内 年轻医生将接受培训 学会除了一些紧急状况或日常琐事 不为病人作其他任何决定 Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Difficultsentences andthatinterpretationwouldworkitswayintotheteachingprogramsofmedicalschoolsandintostatelawsthatmandateddiscussionoftreatmentoptionswithpatients Criticalreadingandthinking 而且 对病人自主性的解释逐渐进入了医学院校的课程 也被写进各州的法律 规定医生必须与病人讨论治疗方案的选择 Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Difficultsentences Whiledoctorsmightequatelettingpatientsmaketheirowndecisionswithrespect Criticalreadingandthinking 虽然医生也许认为让病人自己作决定就是尊重病人 Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Difficultsentences Somewillresorttoveilingtheirownopinionsinahalfheartedattempttodirectthedecision Criticalreadingandthinking 有些医生采取的做法是隐藏自己的观点 用隐隐约约的方式引导病人作决定 Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Difficultsentences Whilethedoctorsmightbeconvincedthattheyarebeingobjectiveanddispassionate moreoftenthannottheyaresendingmixedmessages Criticalreadingandthinking 虽然医生坚信自己的态度客观冷静 但往往他们在向病人发出莫衷一是的信息 Unit7LifeandMedicine anursing 护士站 machines 生命维持系统 comfort 舒适护理措施 to treatment 停止治疗 decision makingprocess 家长式决策程序 patient 给病人授权 medical 医学伦理学家 ethical 伦理准则 clinical 临床理念 care 以病人为中心的护理 TextALanguageBuilding up VocabularyTest station life support measures withdraw paternalistic empowerment ethicists principles ideal Unit7LifeandMedicine patient centered patient 病人自主权 treatment 治疗选择 purview 专属领域 decisions 紧急情况下做的决定 physician 对医生的限制 andconfusion 焦虑与困惑 ethical 违背伦理 family 家庭医疗 TextALanguageBuilding up VocabularyTest autonomy options exclusive emergency restraint anxiety transgression practice Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Suggestedanswers Task1OverviewThistextcanbebrieflydividedintothreeparts introductionofthetopicandthetheme argumentationforthetheme andconclusion Readthetextcarefullyandfillinthemissinginformationforeachpartinthefollowingdiagram Criticalreadingandthinking Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Suggestedanswers Task1Overview Criticalreadingandthinking Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Task1 MedicalterminologyMatcheachdefinitionwithitscorrespondingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent medication 药物 药物治疗 自主性 autonomy 临床医生 clinician surgical 外科的 painful 疼痛的 Suggestedanswers Languagebuilding up 2 Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA physician 医生 内科医生 clinical 临床的 ethicist 伦理学家 unethical 不道德的 hospitalize 住院 Task1 MedicalterminologyMatcheachdefinitionwithitscorrespondingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent Suggestedanswers 2 Languagebuilding up Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Task2 Signpostlanguage Underlinethefirstsentencesofparagraphs4 5 6 8 11and12 analyzehowtheauthormanagestobringanewtopicandmaintaincoherence andcompletethefollowingtable Languagebuilding up Suggestedanswers Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Task3 FormalEnglish ThefollowingsentencesaretakenfromTextA Replacetheunderlinedformalwordswithlessformalones Forgenerations thesedecisionsweretheexclusivepurviewofdoctors para 4 Onetenetthatgainedparticulartractionamongclinicianswasrespectfortheperson para 5 andthatinterpretationwouldworkitswayintotheteachingprogramsofmedicalschoolsandintostatelawsthatmandateddiscussionoftreatmentoptionswithpatients para 6 Languagebuilding up Suggestedanswers belief idea area field ordered Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Task3 FormalEnglish ThefollowingsentencesaretakenfromTextA Replacetheunderlinedformalwordswithlessformalones Whenitcametomedicaldecisions almostalltherespondentswantedtheirdoctorstoofferchoicesandconsidertheiroptions para 9 Butamajorityofpatients twooutofthree alsopreferredthattheirdoctorsmakethefinaldecisionsregardingtheirmedicalcare para 9 6 doctors likemyyoungcolleaguesand Iadmit myself willneedtobemoremindfulofwhetherpatientswantthemtoshareinformation para 15 Languagebuilding up Suggestedanswers conscious aware relatingto about answerers Unit7LifeandMedicine TextA Additionalactivity GrouppresentationHospicemovementhasbeenapopularconceptinrecentdecadesinthefieldofhealthcare Workinasmallgroupandexplorerelevantinformationaboutthissubjectinthefollowingaspects 1 definition2 history3 advantages4 developmentinChina Unit7LifeandMedicine TextB CriticalreadingandthinkingLanguagebuilding upSuggestedanswers Unit7LifeandMedicine TextB CriticalReadingandThinking 1 Pat sPersonalStatus P181 A78 year oldwomansufferingfromlungcancerwithwidespreadmetastasesandreceivingpalliativecarefromhospiceAdairyfarmerMotherofsixInteriordesignerOneofthebestpiebakersinthecounty Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner Unit7LifeandMedicine TextB CriticalReadingandThinking KnowledgeofSubjectMatter Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner lungcancerReportsfromthehospitalandoncologistconfirmedwidespreadmetastases Pathaddeclinedaggressivetreatment Shewasreceivingpalliativecarefromhospiceunderthesupervisionofanoncologist 1 Pat sPersonalStatus P181 Unit7LifeandMedicine TextB CriticalReadingandThinking 2 Pat selectronicrecord P181 Thecomputerizedtomography CT extensivebilateralinfiltratesandapossiblesmallnoduleinthebaseoftheleftlungwithfollow uprecommendedbutnotobtainedAchestX raymorethanayearago aleftlower lobepneumoniawithfollow upsuggestedbutnotobtained Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner Unit7LifeandMedicine TextB CriticalReadingandThinking 2 thereasonsforherhavingproblemswithdoctors P154 KnowledgeofSubjectMatter Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner pulmonaryembolicomputerizedtomography CT extensivebilateralinfiltratesapossiblesmallnoduleinthebaseoftheleftlungAchestX rayreportfromavisitmorethanayearagowithoneofmypartnersrevealedaleftlower lobepneumoniaandsuggestedfollow uptoensureresolution Unit7LifeandMedicine TextB CriticalReadingandThinking 3 themedicalmistake P181 Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner Theabnormalitynotnoted Frequentvisitstodoctorsbutnotinformedofthefindings Unit7LifeandMedicine TextB CriticalReadingandThinking 4 theauthor sself reflection P181 Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner Whotoblame Noneofthehospitalteam mypartners ortheradiologiststotaketheblame AsPat sfamilyphysician theauthor sresponsibilitytofollowupabnormaltests theauthormadetheseriousmistake Allsortsofquestionsrunningthroughtheauthor smind pat sresponse possibilitiesofothermistakes problemswithhealthcaresystem causesofmedicalmistakesorerrors what ifs andnextactions Unit7LifeandMedicine TextB CriticalReadingandThinking 5 theauthor sthevisittoPat P181 PatlyinginbedinadarkenedroomwithmildlylaboredbreathingTheauthorkneelingatthebedsidelisteningtoPat sstoriesTheauthorapologizingfortheseriousmistakePat sforgivenessfortheauthor smistake Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner Unit7LifeandMedicine TextB CriticalReadingandThinking 6 thelessonthewriterlearnedfromPat P181 AcceptingunexpectedForgivingCelebratingHopingLivinganddyingwithcourageanddignity Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner Unit7LifeandMedicine TextB Usefulexpressions Criticalreadingandthinking Theprimarylesionwasdetectedyearsago buttherewasnofollow up Someonedroppedtheball reportsfromahospitalstaymorethan3yearsagoPatpresentedinfrequentlyforcareandusuallyonlyifsomethingwaswrong sortoutmythoughtsmildlylaboredbreathingdistraughtaboutconflictswithmanyfamilymemberswhowerenotonspeakingtermsnotfulfilledmyresponsibilityto madeadifferenceintheoutcomeAtremendousloadwasliftedfrommyshoulders Unit7LifeandMedicine widespread 广泛转移 treatment 积极治疗 lesion 原发病灶 torecommend 建议随访 electronic 电子病历 pulmonary 肺栓塞 computerized CT 计算机断层扫描 bilateral 双侧浸润 a n X ray X线胸片 left pneumonia 左下叶肺炎 breathing 呼吸困难 thehospice 临终关怀团队 TextBLanguageBuilding up VocabularyTest metastases aggressive primary follow up record emboli tomography infiltrates chest Unit7LifeandMedicine lower lobe labored team TextB Suggestedanswers Criticalreadingandthinking Task1Reflection 1 B2 B3 C4 D5 C6 A Unit7LifeandMedicine TextC Languagebuilding upSuggestedanswers Unit7LifeandMedicine illness 慢性病 aspects 社会心理学领域 evidence based 询证临床指南 to aplanofcare 实施治疗方案 TextCLanguageBuilding up VocabularyTest chronic psychosocial guidelines implement Unit7LifeandMedicine TextC Task Completethefollowingbriefsummaryofthetextaftercarefulreading Suggestedanswers 答案有误 Unit7LifeandMedicine Listening RecognizingdigressionsSuggestedanswers Unit7LifeandMedicine Listening Recognizingdigressions Recognizingthestart Irememberonce Thatremindsme Bytheway Recognizingtheend So asIwassaying Anyway wherewasI Backtothepoint Unit7LifeandMedicine Listening Suggestedanswers Expressionforthestartofadigression Expressionfortheendofadigression Task1Listentoalectureonceandnotedowntheexpressionsthespeakerusestosignaladigression AsIrememberonce Sobacktothepoint Task2Listentothelectureagainandcompleteeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththebestanswer 1 B2 C3 A4 B5 C Unit7LifeandMedicine Speaking Seminar PresentationTask Unit7LifeandMedicine Speaking DevelopinganEffectiveIntroduction Attractyourlisteners interest1 Relateyourtopictoyourlisteners concerns suchasgoals experiencesandproblemstheyhave 2 Tellananecdotethatrelatestoyourtopic 3 Askyourlistenersquestionsthatwillkeeptheminterestedinyourpresentation 4 Useaquotationfromanexpert 5 Offeraninterestingorsurprisingfact opinion orstatistics Unit7LifeandMedicine Speaking DevelopinganEffectiveIntroduction Previewingthecontent1 Stateyourtopicclearly 2 Previewthestructureofyourpresentationandtheorderofthemainideas Unit7LifeandMedicine Speaking Task Workinpairstomakeapresentationonthefollowingtopics Choosefromtheabovestrategiestostartyourpresentation 1 patientautonomy2 medicalchoices3 hospicecare4 doctor slanguage5 medicalmistakes Unit7LifeandMedicine Writing WritingconclusionsTask Unit7LifeandMedicine WritingResearchPaperProject 1 Referbacktothetopicofyourpaper 2 Restatethethesis 3 Analyzeandevaluateyourownideastoexplaintheirsignificance 4 Offerrecommendationsforfutureaction Writingconclusions Unit7LifeandMedicine WritingResearchPaperProject Task Searchforaresearchpaperandmakeananalysisoftheconclusions Unit7LifeandMedicine GetreadyforUnit8 PresentationsforUnit8 Unit7LifeandMedicine GetreadyforUnit8 PresentationsforUnit8 1 Howareresearchandpracticerelatedtoeachother P195 2 Elaboratetheprincipleofrespectforpersons 3 Explaintheprincipleofbeneficence P195 4 HowistheprincipleofbeneficencerelatedtoHippocraticOath P195 5 Illustratetheprincipleofjusticewithconcreteexamples P195 6 Defineinformedconsentandexemplifyitsapplication P195 7 Whataretheconsiderationsinvolvedinselectionofhumansubjectsinresearch P195 Unit7LifeandMedicine