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9.6 Practice QuestionsEach of the sentence correction questions presents a sentence, part or all of which is underlined. Beneath the sentence you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. The first of these repeats the original; the other four are different. Follow the requirements of standard written English to choose your answer, paying attention to grammar, word choice, and sentence construction. Select the answer that produces the most effective sentence; your answer should make the sentence clear, exact, and free of grammatical error. It should also minimize awkwardness, ambiguity, and redundancy.1. Manufacturers rate batteries in watt-hours; if they rate the watt-hour higher, the longer the battery can be expected to last.(A) if they rate the watt-hour higher, the longer(B) rating the watt-hour higher, it is that much longer(C) the higher the watt-hour rating, the longer(D) the higher the watt-hour rating, it is that much longer that(E) when the watt-hour rating is higher, the longer it is2. Hurricanes at first begin traveling from east to west, because that direction is the way the prevailing winds in the tropics blow, but they then veer off toward higher latitudes, in many cases changing direction toward the east before dissipating over the colder, more northerly waters or over land.(A) Hurricanes at first begin traveling from east to west, because that direction is the way the prevailing winds in the tropics blow, but(B) At first, hurricanes travel from east to west, because that is the direction of the prevailing winds in the tropics, but(C) While hurricanes travel from east to west at first, the direction of the prevailing winds blowing in the tropics, and(D) Because hurricanes at first travel from east to west, since it is the direction of the prevailing winds in the tropics,(E) Hurricanes, beginning by traveling from east to west, because this is the direction of the prevailing winds in the tropics,3. At the end of the 1930s, Duke Ellington was looking for a composer to assist him someone not only who could arrange music for his successful big band, but mirroring his eccentric writing style as well in order to finish the many pieces he had started but never completed.(A) someone not only who could arrange music for his successful big band, but mirroring his eccentric writing style as well in order to finish(B) someone who could not only arrange music for his successful big band, but also mirror his eccentric writing style in order to finish(C) someone who not only could arrange music for his successful big band, but also to mirror his eccentric writing style in finishing(D) that being someone who could not only arrange music for his successful big band, but mirroring his eccentric writing style for finishing(E) being someone not only who could arrange music for his successful big band, but mirror his eccentric writing style as well, finishing4. While Noble Sissle may be best known for his collaboration with Eubie Blake, as both a vaudeville performer and as a lyricist for songs and Broadway musicals, also enjoying an independent career as a singer with such groups as Hahns Jubilee Singers.(A) and as a lyricist for songs and Broadway musicals, also enjoying(B) and writing lyrics for songs and Broadway musicals, also enjoying(C) and a lyricist for songs and Broadway musicals, he also enjoyed(D) as well as writing lyrics for songs and Broadway musicals, he also enjoyed(E) as well as a lyricist for songs and Broadway musicals, he had also enjoyed5. Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally under way, many economists say that without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last.(A) have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally(B) raised hopes for there being a recovery finally(C) had raised hopes for a recovery finally being(D) has raised hopes that a recovery is finally(E) raised hopes for a recovery finally6. Of all the vast tides of migration that have swept through history, maybe none is more concentrated as the wave that brought 12 million immigrants onto American shores in little more than three decades.(A) maybe none is more concentrated as(B) it may be that none is more concentrated as(C) perhaps it is none that is more concentrated than(D) maybe it is none that was more concentrated than(E) perhaps none was more concentrated than7. From an experiment using special extrasensory perception cards, each bearing one of a set of symbols, parapsychologist Joseph Banks Rhine claimed statistical proof for subjects who could use thought transference to identify a card in the dealers hand.(A) for subjects who could use thought transference to identify a card in the dealers hand(B) for a card in the dealers hand to be identified by subjects with thought transference(C) of subjects able to identify with thought transference a card in the dealers hand(D) that subjects could identify a card in the dealers hand by using thought transference(E) that subjects are capable to use thought transference for identifying a card in the dealers hand8. Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nations third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.(A) ranks as the nations third leading cause of death, surpassed only(B) rank as the nations third leading cause of death, only surpassed(C) has the rank of the nations third leading cause of death, only surpassed(D) are the nations third leading causes of death, surpassed only(E) have been ranked as the nations third leading causes of death, only surpassed9. In a review of 2,000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940s, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously.(A) psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,(B) psychologists, declaring that most of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables like social class and family size, and(C) psychologists declared that since most of the studies, having failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,(D) psychologists declared that since most of the studies fail in controlling for such variables like social class and family size,(E) psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family size,10. A long-term study of some 1,000 physicians indicates that the more coffee these doctors drank, the more they had a likelihood of coronary disease.(A) more they had a likelihood of coronary disease(B) more was their likelihood of having coronary disease(C) more they would have a likelihood to have coronary disease(D) greater was their likelihood of having coronary disease(E) greater was coronary disease likely11. The intricate structure of the compound insect eye, having hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, help explain why scientists have assumed that it evolved independently of the vertebrate eye.(A) having hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, help explain why scientists have assumed that it(B) having hundreds of miniature eyes that are called ommatidia, helps explain why scientists have assumed that they(C) with its hundreds of miniature eyes that are called ommatidia, helps explain scientists assuming that they(D) with its hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, help explain scientists assuming that it(E) with its hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, helps explain why scientists have assumed that it12. In 1979 lack of rain reduced Indias rice production to about 41 million tons, nearly 25 percent less than those of the 1978 harvest.(A) less than those of the 1978 harvest(B) less than the 1978 harvest(C) less than 1978(D) fewer than 1978(E) fewer than that of Indias 1978 harvest13. Although Alice Walker published a number of essays, poetry collections, and stories during the 1970s, her third novel, The Color Purple, which was published in 1982, brought her the widest acclaim in that it won both the National Book Award as well as the Pulitzer Prize.(A) which was published in 1982, brought her the widest acclaim in that it won both the National Book Award as well as the Pulitzer Prize(B) published in 1982, bringing her the widest acclaim by winning both the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize(C) published in 1982, brought her the widest acclaim, winning both the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize(D) was published in 1982 and which, winning both the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize, brought her the widest acclaim(E) was published in 1982, winning both the National Book Award as well as the Pulitzer Prize, and bringing her the widest acclaim14. Many experts regarded the large increase in credit card borrowing in March not as a sign that households were pressed for cash and forced to borrow, rather a sign of confidence by households that they could safely handle new debt.(A) rather a sign of confidence by households that they could safely(B) yet as a sign of households confidence that it was safe for them to(C) but a sign of confidence by households that they could safely(D) but as a sign that households were confident they could safely(E) but also as a sign that households were confident in their ability safely to15. Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be lethal levels of body heat because they have a heat-exchange network which kept the brain from getting too hot.(A) which kept(B) that keeps(C) which has kept(D) that has been keeping(E) having kept16. Rising inventories, when unaccompanied correspondingly by increases in sales, can lead to production cutbacks that would hamper economic growth.(A) when unaccompanied correspondingly by increases in sales, can lead(B) when not accompanied by corresponding increases in sales, possibly leads(C) when they were unaccompanied by corresponding sales increases, can lead(D) if not accompanied by correspondingly increased sales, possibly leads(E) if not accompanied by corresponding increases in sales, can lead17. A pioneer journalist, Nellie Blys exploits included circling the globe faster than Jules Vernes fictional Phileas Fogg.(A) A pioneer journalist, Nellie Blys exploits included(B) The exploits of Nellie Bly, a pioneer journalist, included(C) Nellie Bly was a pioneer journalist including in her exploits the(D) Included in the pioneer journalist Nellie Blys exploits are(E) The pioneer journalists exploits of Nellie Bly included18. Unlike the nests of leaf cutters and most other ants, situated underground or in pieces of wood, raider ants make a portable nest by entwining their long legs to form “curtains” of ants that hang from logs or boulders, providing protection for the queen and the colony larvae and pupae.(A) the nests of leaf cutters and most other ants,(B) the nests of leaf cutters and most other ants, which are(C) leaf cutters and most other ants, whose nests are(D) leaf cutters and most other ants in having nests(E) those of leaf cutters and most other ants with nests19. Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on the Suns poles or equator.(A) are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on(B) are visible as dark spots that never have been sighted on the surface of the Sun(C) appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots although never sighted at(D) appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun, although never having been sighted at(E) appear as dark spots on the Suns surface, which have never been sighted on20. The commission has directed advertisers to restrict the use of the word “natural” to foods that do not contain color or flavor additives, chemical preservatives, or nothing that has been synthesized.(A) or nothing that has been(B) or that has been(C) and nothing that is(D) or anything that has been(E) and anything21. Thai village crafts, as with other cultures, have developed through the principle that form follows function and incorporate readily available materials fashioned using traditional skills.(A) as with(B) as did those of(C) as they have in(D) like in(E) like those of22. Tropical bats play important roles in the rain forest ecosystem, aiding in the dispersal of cashew, date, and fig seeds; pollinating banana, breadfruit, and mango trees; and indirectly help produce tequila by pollinating agave plants.(A) pollinating banana, breadfruit, and mango trees; and indirectly help produce(B) pollinating banana, breadfruit, and mango trees; and indirectly helping to produce(C) pollinating banana, breadfruit, and mango trees; and they indirectly help to produce(D) they pollinate banana, breadfruit, and mango trees; and indirectly help producing(E) they pollinate banana, breadfruit, and mango trees; indirectly helping the producing of23. Discussion of greenhouse effects have usually had as a focus the possibility of Earth growing warmer and to what extent it might, but climatologists have indicated all along that precipitation, storminess, and temperature extremes are likely to have the greatest impact on people.(A) Discussion of greenhouse effects have usually had as a focus the possibility of Earth growing warmer and to what extent it might,(B) Discussion of greenhouse effects has usually had as its focus whether Earth would get warmer and what the extent would be,(C) Discussion of greenhouse effects has usually focused on whether Earth would grow warmer and to what extent,(D) The discussion of greenhouse effects have usually focused on the possibility of Earth getting warmer and to what extent it might,(E) The discussion of greenhouse effects has usually focused on whether Earth would grow warmer and the extent that is,24. The Iroquois were primarily planters, but supplementing their cultivation of maize, squash, and beans with fishing and hunting.(A) but supplementing(B) and had supplemented(C) and even though they supplemented(D) although they supplemented(E) but with supplementing25. As contrasted with the honeybee, the yellow jacket can sting repeatedly without dying and carries a potent venom that can cause intense pain.(A) As contrasted with the honeybee,(B) In contrast to the honeybees,(C) Unlike the sting of the honeybee,(D) Unlike that of the honeybee,(E) Unlike the honeybee,26. None of the attempts to specify the causes of crime explains why most of the people exposed to the alleged causes do not commit crimes and, conversely, why so many of those not so exposed have.(A) have(B) has(C) shall(D) do(E) could27. In the seventh century B.C., the Roman alphabet was adapted from the Etruscan alphabet, which in turn had been adapted in the previous century from a western Greek alphabet, which itself had been adapted earlier in the same century from the Phoenician alphabet.(A) which itself had been adapted earlier(B) adapting itself earlier(C) itself being adapted earlier(D) having been earlier adapted itself(E) earlier itself having been adapted28. With corn, soybean, and wheat reserves being low enough so a poor harvest would send prices skyrocketing, grain futures brokers and their clients are especially interested in weather that could affect crops.(A) being low enough so(B) so low such that(C) so low that(D) that are low enough so(E) that are so low such that29. By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records, and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be of dangerously experimental design.(A) and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be(B) earning them at a time that aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be(C) earning these at a time where aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were(D) earned at a time in which aviation was still so new such that many of the planes she flew were(E) earned at a time when aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were30. In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls.(A) due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing(B) due to moisture that tourists had exhaled, thereby raising its humidity to such levels that salt from the stone would crystallize(C) because tourists were exhaling moisture, which had raised the humidity within them to levels such that salt from the stone would crystallize(D) because of moisture that was exhaled by tourists raising the humidity within them to levels so high as to make the salt from the stone crystallize(E) because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing31. The remarkable similarity of Thule artifacts throughout a vast region can, in part, be explained as a very rapid movement of people from one end of North America to the other.(A) The remarkable similarity of Thule artifacts throughout a vast region can, in part, be explained as(B) Thule artifacts being remarkably similar throughout a vast region, one explanation is(C) That Thule artifacts are remarkably similar throughout a vast region is, in part, explainable as(D) One explanation for the remarkable similarity of Thule artifacts throughout a vast region is that there was(E) Throughout a vast region Thule artifacts are remarkably similar, with one explanation for this being32. The widely accepted big bang theory holds that the universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding ever since.(A) that the universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding(B) that the universe had begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and had been expanding(C) that the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that has expanded(D) the beginning of the universe to have been an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that is expanding(E) the universe to have begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding33. Bengal-born writer, philosopher, and educator Rabindranath Tagore had the greatest admiration for Mohandas K. Gandhi the person and also as a politician, but Tagore had been skeptical of Gandhis form of nationalism and his conservative opinions about Indias cultural traditions.(A) for Mohandas K. Gandhi the person and also as a politician, but Tagore had been(B) for Mohandas K. Gandhi as a person and as a politician, but Tagore was also(C) for Mohandas K. Gandhi not only as a person and as a politician, but Tagore was also(D) of Mohandas K. Gandhi as a person and as also a politician, but Tagore was(E) of Mohandas K. Gandhi not only as a person and as a politician, but Tagore had also been34. Although schistosomiasis is not often fatal, it is so debilitating that it has bec
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