考研英语复试听力口语备考宝典.doc

领航考研英语复试听力口语备考宝典2011年芦纯江2011年3月第一章 考研听力复试风向标第一节 概述自从2004年考研英语取消听力考试，在初试中已经不见听力的踪影，但是大纲中仍然保留了对于英语听力的要求。根据大纲的要求，考生不仅应该听懂日常生活中的通知、讲话、一般性谈话或讨论等，还应该能够听懂所熟悉领域的广播电视节目、讲座、演讲和论述等。在考试中，考生应该能够根据所听材料做到：1. 理解主旨要义2. 获取事实性的具体信息3. 理解明确的或隐含的概念性含义4. 进行有关的判断、推理和引申5. 理解说话人的态度、观点和意图第二节 题型简介考研复试规定的参考题型分为三类：填充表格题、简答和补全句子题、选择题。一，填充表格题主要测试考生理解特定或者具体信息的能力。同时，测试考生的听写能力（相当于六级考试中的Spot Dictation）。考试形式一般为填充表格中的空白，内容一般为数字、人名、地名或是其他实义名词、动词或形容词。考生所应遵循的原则是：所听即所得。听力材料一般为一段180-220个单词的独白或对话。录音材料播放两遍。二，简答和补全句子题主要测试考生理解具体或总体信息的能力。同时，也测试考生的听写能力（类似于六级考试中的Compound Dictation）。考试形式一般为补全所给句子或是简要回答提出的问题、这要求考生具备掌握所听句子内容及结构的能力。答案极有可能是所听单词或词组的同义词或近义词形式。考生应遵循的原则是：既见树木，也见森林。听力材料一般为一段280-320个单词的独白或对话。录音材料播放两遍。三，选择题主要测试考生获取特定信息、理解主旨要义、推测或判断说话人意图、观点或态度的能力。考试形式为大家所熟悉的单项选择题（四选一）。这不仅要求考生具备听懂句子和掌握整段甚至全篇意义的能力，还要求考生具备一定的判断和推理能力，能理解说话人暗含的意思。考生应遵循的原则是：根据语言和文化背景，按常识选择作答。听力材料分为多个小对话或独白，录音材料播放一遍。简短对话题常考的话题总结：【可以参考www.sjy123.com/power/gason.htm】1. 学校生活：课程、考试、作业、借书、实验、求教、实习等2. 旅游交通：参观、游览、乘车、登记、海关检查等3. 饮食娱乐：餐饮、聚会、游泳、球赛、影视等4. 宾馆住房：房屋租用、房间预订、住房搬迁等5. 工作状况：求职、面试、职务升迁、工资待遇等6. 卫生环境：气候、温度、环境卫生、疾病、就医等7. 装饰维修：房屋装修、设备安装、检测修理等8. 日常生活：活动安排、人际交往、购物消费、打电话等。第二章 技能必备语音本节从语音入手，为考生剖析常见的语音障碍，从失爆、连读、辩音和语调四个角度讲解考研复试听力中的语音难点，帮助考生攻破考研听力的第一道障碍。一，失爆6个爆破音 p,b,t,d,k,gEnglish,friendly1. 当两个爆破音或同一爆破音连贯出现在前一个单词的词尾和后一个单词的词首时，前一个爆破音不发出来。 best policy, discount to (1) d与t相连：afford to, need to, attend to, intend to(2) 其他爆破音相连：talk to, recent book, speak to(3) 同一爆破音相连：ought to, want to, get to, bike key 2. 当爆破音后面的发音是ch,g,th时，爆破音不发出来，例如：sleep through3. 爆破音t,d,k出现在m,n,l,f 之前时，也要失去爆破，例如：good morning二，连读 连读指在朗读和口语中，两个或多个分属不同单词的音由于语音规则、位置相邻或语速快等原因而连在一起读。通畅有以下几种情况：1. 如果前一个词以辅音结尾，后一个以原因开头，这两个词大都连着发音，这是连续发音的最基本的情况。例如： Cost us, get up 常与其他词发生连读的单词有：of, in, it, up, out, on等 例如：first of all 2. 元音与元音也可以发生连读，例如： go on3. 在某些情况下，辅音和辅音也可以连读。例如：meet you三，辩音与失爆、连读不用，辩音并不是一种语音现象。它是要求考生辨出所听到的容易混淆的单词，以求正确解题，如 sixteen和sixty就是辩音的一种。我们把这些在听力中容易混淆的词统称为易混淆词，如fare（费用）和fair（公平），又如fall既有“落下”的意思，又有“秋天”的意思。这些词都具有很强的干扰性，使听力答题难度增加，如果不能马上找到其在原文中的确切的对应词或意思，考生很容易选择错误答案。以下是常见易混淆词：1. 同音词all together-altogetherbare-bearbread-bredcent-sentcheck-cheque dying-dyeingfind-fined fourth-forth heal-heelherein-heroine band-banned brake-break ceiling-sealing cell-sell compliment-complementfare-fair flew-flu flower-flourhour-our past-passed peace-piecerose-rows sail-sale sauce-source site-sight tire-tyre way-weigh wood-would threw-through vain-vein wait-weight story-storey 2. 近音词 appeal-a pill avoid-award border-board council-cancel bald-bored foam-form cut-cart odd-awed presence-presents sleep- steep full-fool loose-lose pass-path pullpool stock-stalk 3. 多义词accent agent appeal apply ballbank bear blank break cabinetgift spring spoil brief character complete iron last manual safeschedule crash draft force fine四，语调相同的句子不一样的语调就会有差别。在考研英语复试中也不例外，尤其体现在态度问题上。语调可能会涉及以下几种情况：1. 用降调表示赞同、夸奖2. 用降调表示无所谓、不在乎。3. 用降调表示抱怨4. 用升调表示责备、否定。5. 用升调表示疑问或强调第三章 听力复试练习总汇Exercise OneGeneral Motors is third on the _ list of top companies by revenue, followed by Ford Motor Company and General Electric. Two other oil companies are sixth and seventh on the list. Like Exxon Mobil, ChevronTexaco and ConocoPhillips both gained from high oil _. Citigroup is eighth on the Fortune five hundred list by revenue. As in two thousand three, the _ services company was second in _ last year, behind Exxon Mobil. Ninth on the list by revenue is the _ company American International Group. A.I.G. is followed by I.B.M., International Business Machines. In two thousand three I.B.M. was ninth and A.I.G. was tenth. The yearly Fortune lists contain only companies that _ their financial information to the public.Exercise TwoStock options are a way to profit from changes in the price of a stock without the need to buy the shares _. Stock options are _ to trade shares of a stock at a set price by a set date. An option comes with a _ price. This is the agreed price at which the stock will be traded. Options also have an _ date. After that date the agreement is cancelled. An option holder buys a contract. It can be a contract to _ or a contract to sell shares of a stock in the future. Option holders commonly buy contracts to protect the value of a stock investment. Say an investor has recently bought stock at ten dollars a share. The investor worries that the price will drop in the next three months. To _ that investment, the investor can buy an option to sell the shares at ten dollars each. That way, if the stock price drops to five dollars, the investor can _ the option and sell the shares at ten dollars. The investor loses only the cost of the option contract. But the option has _ as insurance against a loss.Exercise Three1. According to the speaker, what is the current population of China?2. What is the negative effect of Chinese population on economic growth?3. If there were too many boys in the near future, what sort of social problems would happen?Exercise Four1. What is the theme of the poet? (No more than 10 words)Exercise FiveHero Mariah CareyTheres a heroIf you look inside your heartYou dont have to be_Of what you areTheres an answerIf you _ into your soulAnd the _ that you knowWill _ awayAnd then a hero comes alongWith the _ to carry onAnd you cast your fears asideAnd you know you can _So when you feel like hope is goneLook inside you and be _And youll _ see the truthThat a hero lies in youIts a long roadWhen you face your world aloneNo one reaches out a handFor you to holdYou can find love If you _ within yourselfAnd the _ you feltWill _And then a hero comes alongWith the _ to carry onAnd you cast your fears asideAnd you know you can _So when you feel like hope is goneLook inside you and be _And youll _ see the truthThat a hero lies in youLord knowsDreams are hard to _But dont let anyoneTear them awayHold onThere will be _In timeYoull find the wayAnd then a hero comes alongWith the _ to carry onAnd you cast your fears asideAnd you know you can _So when you feel like hope is goneLook inside you and be _And youll _ see the truthThat a hero lies in you.That a hero lies in you.That a hero lies in youWhen You Say Nothing at all-Alison KraussIts _ how you can speak right to my heartWithout saying a word you can light up the _Try as I may I can never explainWhat I hear when you dont say a thingThe _ on your face lets me know that you need meTheres a truth in your eyes saying youll never _ meThe tough of your hand says youll catch me wherever I fallYou say it best when you say nothing at allAll day long I can hear _ talking out loudBut when you hold me near you drown the _Try as they may they can never defineWhats been said _ your heart and mineThe _ on your face lets me know that you need meTheres a truth in your eyes saying youll never leave meThe tough of your hand says youll catch me _ I fallYou say it best when you say nothing at allThe smile on your face lets me know that you need meTheres a truth in your eyes saying youll never leave meThe touch of your hand says youll catch me wherever I fallYou say it best when you say nothing at all第四章 练习题目参考答案Key to Exercise OneGeneral Motors is third on the Fortune list of top companies by revenue, followed by Ford Motor Company and General Electric. Two other oil companies are sixth and seventh on the list. Like Exxon Mobil, ChevronTexaco and ConocoPhillips both gained from high oil prices. Citigroup is eighth on the Fortune five hundred list by revenue. As in two thousand three, the financial services company was second in profits last year, behind Exxon Mobil. Ninth on the list by revenue is the insurance company American International Group. A.I.G. is followed by I.B.M., International Business Machines. In two thousand three I.B.M. was ninth and A.I.G. was tenth. The yearly Fortune lists contain only companies that release their financial information to the public.Key to Exercise TwoStock options are a way to profit from changes in the price of a stock without the need to buy the shares immediately. Stock options are agreements to trade shares of a stock at a set price by a set date. An option comes with a strike price. This is the agreed price at which the stock will be traded. Options also have an expiration date. After that date the agreement is cancelled. An option holder buys a contract. It can be a contract to purchase or a contract to sell shares of a stock in the future. Option holders commonly buy contracts to protect the value of a stock investment. Say an investor has recently bought stock at ten dollars a share. The investor worries that the price will drop in the next three months. To protect that investment, the investor can buy an option to sell the shares at ten dollars each. That way, if the stock price drops to five dollars, the investor can exercise the option and sell the shares at ten dollars. The investor loses only the cost of the option contract. But the option has served as insurance against a loss. Key to Exercise ThreeChina is the worlds most populous country, with one point three thousand million people. It is also dealing with economic problems linked to population. The government has a firm family planning policy that limits parents to having only one child. As a result, China has one of the lowest population growth rates in the developing world just six tenths of one percent a year. The population is expected to increase to one point five thousand million people in twenty-five years and then begin to decrease.The Chinese government said its one-child policy has led to fast economic growth. Yet, some people believe it has created a troubled economic future. Wang Feng is an expert on Chinese population issues at the University of California-Irvine in the United States. He says fewer people will be entering the Chinese workforce in coming years. But, more people over age sixty-five will be demanding retirement payments from the government. So he says a smaller workforce could have bad effects on the economy.Experts believe Chinas one-child policy has affected the country in other ways. Chinese society values sons over daughters. Some parents choose to end a pregnancy if the fetus is a girl. So more boys than girls are born in China. As a result, experts say about forty million Chinese men will not be able to find women to marry within the next fifteen years. Experts say this could lead to kidnappings and more trafficking of woman and girls.Key to Exercise FourThe poems are included in a book called Americans Favorite Poems. It was edited by Robert Pinsky and Maggie Dietz. Along with the poems are comments by some of the people who chose them. We will read five of these poems by American poets.Our first poem is by Black Elk, a famous spiritual leader of the Oglala Lakota Native American tribe. He took part in two famous battles against American troops during the late eighteen hundreds. At the end of his life, he told about a number of his tribes ceremonies and ideas about life. Among these was the poem called Everything the Power of the World does is done in a circle.”Everything the Power of the World does is done in a circle. The sky is round, and I have heard that the earth is round like a ball, and so are all the stars.The wind, in its greatest power, whirls.Birds make their nests in circles,For theirs is the same religion as ours.The sun comes forth and goes down again in a circle. The moon does the same, And both are round. Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing,and always come back again to where they were.The life of man is a circle from childhood to childhood,and so it is in everything where power moves.第一章 口语复试概述第一节 口语复试内容一，复试的重要性考研口语复试是对考生英文知识的累积和实际运用能力的考察，它能够体现考生的综合素质。通过复试，招生单位能够掌握考生包括知识储备、思维以及反应速度、个人修养、道德观念、科研素质等多方面的情况。因此，绝大多数招生单位在研究生复试中都非常看重口语面试。在经历了考研初试大捷后，浴血拼杀出来的考生们一定要珍惜这张来之不易的入场券，积极、耐心、科学地进行准备，以期在复试中突出重围，取得最终的胜利。二，复试的大致内容考研口语复试主要测试考生英语口语的实际运用恩呢管理，从最基本的听懂到表达时发音的正确性、语言使用的准确性、流利程度以及得体性等几个方面测试考生。三，基本考察点1，语言的准确性2，话语的长短和连贯性3，语言的灵活性和适合性第二节 一般形式和基本流程一，一般形式及注意事项口语复试一般分小组进行，每组考官2-3名，每组考生2-4名。内容包含自我介绍、考官问答、阅读文章、组员讨论、抽题演讲、看图评论等。各院校和招生单位会根据自身的要求，选择其中几项进行测试。每名考生的考试时间大约为10分钟。【自我介绍】 Would you like to introduce yourself to us? Can you say something about yourself?【考官问答】 Could you tell me something about your family? Where do you come from? What kind of landscape surrounds your hometown? What is the difference between this city and your hometown? What are the main places of interest in your hometown? What do you think about this city? How do you compare the climate in Beijing and Baoding? What are your targets (goals)? What do you want to be in three years?【阅读文章】沉着稳定、注意读音【组员讨论】Now you have two minutes to talk over the topic you chose, and then give a discussion.【抽题演讲】Youll be given two minutes to think about it. Then tell us what you know about the topic and your own opinion.【看图评论】二，口语复试的基本流程进考场考生抽签自我介绍（1-2分钟）考官问答（4分钟）阅读文章（1-2分钟）组员讨论（5分钟）抽题演讲（4分钟）看图评论（4分钟）离开考场（招生单位根据各自情况，会选择其中几种进行考察）1. 进入考场需要说：2. 当说到自己母校的时候，要注意：3. 介绍家乡时需要注意：4. 讲到家庭的时候，需要注意：5. 抽签抽到不符合心意的题目是，需要注意：6. 考完口语考试之后，需要注意：第二章 技能必备第一节 口语复试常用词汇和词组【个人资料常用语】gender性别 alias 别名 district 区house number 门牌height 身高blood type 血型weight 体重president 会长 DOB(Date of Birth) 出生日期province 省 city 市 county 县 prefecture 专区 autonomous region 自治区 nationality 民族；国籍 current address 目前住址citizenship 国籍 native place 籍贯 postal code 邮政编码marital status 婚姻状况family status 家庭状况 married 已婚single 未婚 divorced 离异separated 分居 health condition 健康状况 excellent （身体）极佳 short-sighted 近视far-sighted 远视 ID card 身份证 date of availability供职时间membership 会员、资格director 理事 standing director 常务理事 society 学会 association 协会 secretary-general 秘书长 r【个人品质常用词汇】able 有才干的，能干的 adaptable 适应性强的 active 主动的，活跃的 aggressive 有进取心的ambitious 有雄心壮志的 amiable 和蔼可亲的amicable 友好的 analytical 善于分析的apprehensive 有理解力的 aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的audacious 有冒险精神的 capable 有能力的，有才能的careful 办理仔细的 candid 正直的competent 能胜任的 constructive 建设性的cooperative 有合作精神的 creative 富创造力的dedicated 有奉献精神的 dependable 可靠的diplomatic 老练的，有策略的 disciplined 守纪律的dutiful 尽职的 well-educated 受过良好教育的efficient 有效率的 energetic 精力充沛的expressivity 善于表达 faithful 守信的，忠诚的 frank 直率的，真诚的 generous 宽宏大量的genteel 有教养的 gentle 有礼貌的humorous 有幽默 impartial 公正的independent 有主见的 industrious 勤奋的ingenious 有独创性的 motivated 目的明确的intelligent 理解力强的 learned 精通某门学问的logical 条理分明的 methodical 有方法的modest 谦虚的 objective 客观的precise 一丝不苟的 punctual 严守时刻的realistic 实事求是的 responsible 负责的sensible 明白事理的 sporting 光明正大的steady 踏实的 systematic 有系统的purposeful 意志坚强的 sweet-tempered 性情温和的temperate 稳健的 tireless 孜孜不倦的【教育程度常用词汇】education 学历 educational history 学历curriculum 课程major 主修 minor 副修specialized courses 专门课程 、courses taken 所学课程social practice 社会实践part-time jobs 业余工作 summer jobs 暑期工作vacation jobs 假期工作 refresher course 进修课程physical activities 体育活动recreational activities 娱乐活动 academic activities 学术活动social activities 社会活动 rewards 奖励scholarship 奖学金 excellent League member 优秀团员excellent leader 优秀干部 student council 学生会off-job training 脱产培训 in-job training 在职培训educational system 学制 academic year 学年semester 学期（美） term 学期（英）supervisor 论文导师 pass 及格fail 不及格 marks 分数examination 考试 degree 学位post doctorate 博士后 doctor(PhD) 博士master 硕士 bachelor 学士graduate student 研究生 abroad student 留学生abroad student 留学生 undergraduate 大学肆业生government-supported student 公费生 commoner 自费生extern 走读生 intern 实习生prize fellow 奖学金生 boarder 寄宿生graduate 毕业生 guest student 旁听生（英）auditor 旁听生（美） day-student 走读生【工作经历常用词汇】work experience 工作经历 occupational history 工作经历professional history 职业经历 specific experience 具体经历responsibilities 职责 second job 第二职业achievements 工作成就，业绩administer 管理assist 辅助 adapted to 适应于accomplish 完成（任务等） appointed 被认命的adept in 善于 analyze 分析authorized 委任的；核准的 behave 表现break the record 打破纪录 breakthrough 关键问题的解决control 控制 conduct 经营，处理cost 成本；费用 create 创造demonstrate 证明，示范 decrease 减少design 设计 develop 开发，发挥devise 设计，发明 direct 指导double 加倍，翻一番 earn 获得，赚取effect 效果，作用 eliminate 消除enlarge 扩大 enrich 使丰富exploit 开发（资源，产品） enliven 搞活establish 设立（公司等） evaluation 估价，评价execute 实行，实施 expedite 加快；促进generate 产生 good at 擅长于guide 指导；操纵 improve 改进，提高initiate 创始，开创innovate 改革，革新invest 投资 integrate 使结合；使一体化justified 经证明的；合法化的 launch 开办（新企业）maintain 保持；维修 modernize 使现代化negotiate 谈判 nominated 被提名；被认命的overcome 克服 perfect 使完善；改善perform 执行，履行 profit 利润be promoted to 被提升为 be proposed as 被提名realize 实现（目标reconstruct 重建recorded 记载的 refine 精练，精制registered 已注册的 regenerate 更新，使再生replace 接替，替换 retrieve 挽回revenue 收益，收入 scientific 科学的，系统的self-dependence 自力更生 serve 服务，供职settle 解决（问题等） shorten 减低效能simplify 简化，精简 spread 传播，扩大standard 标准，规格 supervises 监督，管理supply 供给，满足 systematize 使系统化test 试验，检验 well-trained 训练有素的valuable 有价值的 target 目标，指标working model 劳动模范 advanced worker 先进工作者【离职原因】for more specialized work 为更专门的工作 for prospects of promotion 为晋升的前途for higher responsibility 为更高层次的工作责任 for wider experience 为扩大工作经验due to close-down of company 由于公司倒闭 due to expiry of employment 由于雇用期满sought a better job 找到了更好的工作 to seek a better job 找一份更好的工作【业余爱好】 hobbies 业余爱好 play the guitar 弹吉他reading 阅读 play chess 下棋play 话剧 long distance running 长跑play bridge 打桥牌 collecting stamps 集邮play tennis 打网球 jogging 慢跑sewing 缝纫 traveling 旅游listening to symphony 听交响乐 do some clay sculptures 搞泥塑第二节 口语常用表达方式一，口语常用表达1. 引起话题 Did you hear the news? 您听到新闻了吗？ Can I ask you a question/something? 我能问您一个问题（一件事）吗？ Im wondering 我在想2. 确认是否理解 Did you say 您是不是说。 Let me/Lets see.让我们想一想。 Let me see if I understand. ( Ive got it.) 让我想一下我是否已经明白了。3. 理解 Oh, I see. 噢，我明白了。 I am with you /following you. 我听得懂。 Ive got it. 我听明白了。4. 犹豫 Let me see/think. 让我想想。 Well, Im not really sure. 嗯，我还不完全确定。 I dont know where to begin. 我一时不知道从哪说起。5. 喜好、选择 I really like/enjoy Id prefer to do I think Id rather do To be honest/ To tell you the truth/ Honestly, I think its a little loud. I dont particularly care for Im not really crazy about6. 表示（不）能够 I am sure I can Im confident Im a