初三英语代词总结.doc

考点解析：中考对代词的考查重点是物主代词、不定代词、反身代词和疑问代词，考查it的用法等。其命题趋势是将对代词的选择放在一定的情境中，要求我们根据该情景所提供的信息理解说话人的观点或态度。代词 pronoun简称pron.是代替名词的一种词类，大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。 主格 人称代词 宾格 形容词性物主代词 物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词（this，these，that，those） 代词的分类 普通不定代词 不定代词 复合不定代词 疑问代词（who，whom，whose，what，which） 代词it的特殊用法 第一人称反身代词 反身代词 第二人称反身代词 第三人称反身代词1、 人称代词 1.人称代词主格、宾格表如下： 数 单数 复数 一 二三一二三主格Iyoushe,he,itweyouthey宾格meyouher,him,itusyouthem 2.人称代词的用法 （1）人称代词的主格在句中充当主语。如： She is a good teacher. （2）人称代词的宾格在句中充当动词，介词的宾语或者表语。如： I dont know her. His mother is waiting for him outside. (3) 人称代词的语序 单数形式（二三一）you, she/he and I 复数形式（一二三）we, you and they口诀：人称代词主宾格，作用不同莫用错 主格动前作主语，动词介词后宾格 You和it主宾同，其他主宾需分清 人称代词并列现，尊重他人礼当先 单数人称二三一，复数人称一二三 若把错误责任担，第一人称我靠前2、 物主代词 1.物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，例如： 类型 词义人称数 单数复数一二三一二三我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs 2.形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词，后必须加名词。如： His parents are both office workers. My name is Jack.3.名词性物主代词常用来代替前面已提及的名词，相当于名词，在句中可作主宾表语。相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。后面不加名词。如： My book is more interesting than yours.4. 名词性物主代词可用在of后面作定语，相当于“of+名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。如： He is a friend of mine.(我的一个朋友)5.冠词a,an,the和this,that,some等词后面不能用物主代词。 She is a my friend. She is my friend./she is a friend of mine. 6. 在“拍、打、拉某人身体的某部分”的句型中，虽译文有“你的”、“我的”之意，但英语中都不用物主代词，而要用the. hit sb. in the face take sb by the hand catch sb by the arm hit sb on the nose/head 注意：形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别：前者之后一定要接名词，而后者则不需接任何词。 判断正误 This is hers ticket. Its not my. This is her ticket. Its not mine. 口诀：用形或用名，全凭后决定 有名则用形，无名则用名3、 指示代词 1.指示代词表格如下：单数thisthat复数thesethose 2.指示代词的用法 （1）this/these A.近指。 This is my pen. These are my books. B.指下文要提到的事。 Please remember this：No pains, no gains.(2)that/those A.远指 That is my pen. Those are my books. B.指前面刚刚提到过的事。如： His was ill. That was why he didnt go to school.(3) 打电话时用this介绍自己，that询问对方。 如: This is Daisy speaking. Whos that? 口诀： This these为近指 还要用在下文指 That those是远指 用在刚刚上文指 通话时候怎么使 This是我that他不定代词: 不指明代替哪个特定名词或形容词的代词，在句中可作主语，表语，宾语和定语。 1.普通不定代词 1.some与any 相同：some和any均表示“一些”，即可修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数 名词； 不同：some一般用于肯定句中，但在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定 回答或表达请求、建议时用some。 any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。如： There arent any students in the classroom. There are some students in the classroom. If you have any question, please come to me. -Could you lend me some money?-Yes, sure. 注意：与some，any结合的词，如something，somebody，anyone，大致与some和any的用法相同 2.many与much “许多” Many修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词；二者都可以与表示程度的副词so,too,as,how 连用。如： How many bottles of water do you need? He never eats so much breakfast. 3.either ，neither，all，none，bothboth两者都.2个肯定neither两者都不.2个否定either两者之中的任何一个.2个肯定all全部3肯定none没有一个3否定常用搭配： 1).both.and. “.和.都.” 当both.and 连接主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Both his father and mother are teachers. 2).neither.nor.“.和.都不.”;either.or.“或者.或者., 要么.要么.，不是.就是.”当其连接两个主语时，谓语应遵守“就近原则”，即谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上保持一致。 3). Either指两个之中的一个，neither指两个人或物中一个也不，常构成固定搭配either/neither of+名词（代词）的复数+谓语动词（第三人称单数)。 Neither you nor she is right. Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Sunday. Neither of the books is good 4). both表示“两者都”，常与and连用；all指“三者或三者以上都”，常与of连用 Both you and I are Chinese. All of the students are very cute. 4.each与every 相同：Each和every都表示“每一个”。 不同：Each强调个体，当它作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式；each可指两个或两个以上的人或事物 every强调整体情况，修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数。every只可指三个或三个以上的人或事物。如： There are trees on each side of the road. Every student in this classroom is smart.2. 复合不定代词Somebody(某人)Anybody（某人/任何人）Nobody（没有人）Everybody（每人）Someone（某人）Anyone（某人/任何人）no one（没有人）Everyone（每人）Something（某事）Anything（某事/任何事）Nothing（没有东西）Everything（每一件事） 1.当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody，nobody，anyone等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词they；当句子的主语为指物的复合不定代词，如：everything，anything，something，nothing等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词it。如： Everybody is here，arent they? Everything is ready, isnt it? 2.当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something，everything，everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在这些词的后面。如： I have something important to tell you. Can you find anyone else? 4.everyone 的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one 既可指人也可指物，还可以和of短语连用。如： I hope everyone to be happy. I have kept every one of her letters.五、疑问代词:用来构成特殊疑问句疑问代词主要用法例句who作主语，宾语，表语Who is the girl?whomWho的宾格形式，作宾语To whom are you talking?whoseWho的所有格形式，做表语定语，译为“.的”Whose book is this？Which/whatWhat指不定数目中的“哪一个，哪些，什么”，没有一定的范围限定 What would you like?Which “哪一个”是指在一定的范围内特质的人或物Which one do like best?What/whoWhat 询问某人的职业-whats your father?-He is a teacher.Who询问某人的身份、姓名-Who is the boy?-He is Li ming. 六、代词it 1.指代前面提到过的事物。如： The book on the desk is not mine. Its Amys. 2.代替指示代词this或that。如： -Whats that? -It is a pen. 3.指代婴儿或不明身份的人。如： Someone is knocking at the door.Please go and see who it is. 4.指代时间或季节；天气；距离。如： Its ten oclock. Its sunny. How far is it from your school to your home? 5. 用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中： 1）It is + adj. +(for sb.)to do sth. 如： It is important for us to learn English well. 2)Its time to do/for/that.如： Its time to sleep/for dinner/that we get up. 3)It seems that. 看起来好像. 如： It seems that you are right. 4) Its ones turn to do .轮到某人做.如： Its my turn to sing. 5)Its +adj.+that从句 如： Its natural that different people have different ideas. 6.作形式宾语。如： Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line? 7.引导情调句型“It is /was +被强调部分+that/who/whom+其他成分”。如：It is he who goes to school by bike every day.7、 反身代词 人称 数单数复数第一人称Myself我自己myselves 我们自己第二人称Yourself你自己Yourselves你们自己第三人称Himself他自己Herself她自己Itself它自己Themselves他/她/它们自己 1.反身代词的用法 I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.(作宾语) The children made model planes themselves. (作同位语) That poor boy was myself.(作表语) 2.反身代词的常用词组teach oneself 自学learn by oneself 自学enjoy oneself 玩得高兴；过得愉快help oneself to 随便用/吃come to oneself 苏醒hurt oneself 受伤by oneself 亲自易混清单： 一、it， one ，that作代词时的区别 1. it “同类同物”指代前文出现过的某一名词 且就是同一东西如： -Your pen is very nice . Can I have a look at it ? -Ok , here you are . 2. one “同类不同物”也指代前面出现过的名词 但它只表示同类东西，即除了这个以外还有其他的 one = a (n)+名词 如:There are so many book there . Can you pass me one ? 那里有那么多书，递给我本好吗？ 3.that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。如： The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.2、 both;all;either;any;neither;none 都 任何 都不 两者 botheitherneither三者（以上） allanynone四、little;a little;few;a few代替复数名词代替不可数名词肯定a few (有一些)a little (有一点儿)否定few(几乎没有)Little（几乎没有）5、 other, another, the other, the others，others 1.other不定代词意义用法other另外的只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用;但如果前面有：the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,one,my,your,his等，则可与单数名词连用the other两者中的另一个常与one连用，构成“one.the other.”,作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“其余的全部”others泛指别的人或物是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语，可以构成some.others.结构the others特指其余的所有的人或物是the other 的复数形式，特指其余的所有的人或物another任何一个，另一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作形容词或代词。接可数名词单数,但是another后如果有数字或few修饰名词时，则接名词复数，表示在原有基础上，需要“更多数量的”东西，这时another表示“再；还”。这时，another+数字/few+名词复数=数字/few + more +名词复数。1.-I need something for cutting the paper. -Oh,you want a knife? Ok, Ill get _ for you. A.it B.that C.this D.one 2. -Look! Do you know _ man under the tree? -Sorry. Its too far to see_ clearly. A.this;him B.that;he C.this;her D.that;him3. -Alice, is this your dictionary? -Let me see. Oh, no._ is in my school bag. A.Myself B.Me C.My D.Mine4. I asked two people the way to the station, but _ of them could help me. A.both B.neither C.either D.all5. May I have a talk with you,sir? Ive got _ important to tell you. A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything6. -Whose pen is this? -Oh, its _. I was looking for it everything. A.you B.yours C.me D.mine 7. -Are you _ from America? -No, none of us. A.both B.all C.any D.either8. _ you _ your brother can join us. We want one of you. A.Both;and B.Neither;nor C.Either;or D.Not only; but also9.I am looking for a house. Id like _ with a brook around_. A.one,it B.it,it C.one,one D.it,one10.Marys mother always told her to work hard, but_didnt help. A.one B.he C.she D.it11. _ of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret. A. Each B. Any C. No one D. None12.We couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us. A. all ; no B. any ; no C. none ; any D. no one ; any13.There is a tree on _ side of the street. A. every B. all C. either D. both14.There is a desk on _ side of the room. A. both B. either C. all D. every15. Which side can I sit on the boat? If you sit still, you can sit on _. A. every side B. all sides C. both sides D. either side16.It is said that _ of his parents have gone to Beijing. A. all B. every C. both D. Either17.Some students are absent-minded, _ of them heard what the teacher said. A. all B. none C. every D. not all18. Is _ here? No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody19.They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest. A. any B. some C. none D. neither20. Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? Im afraid _ day is possible. A. either B. neither C. some D. any21. If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay _ 5. A. another B. other C. more D. each22. Which of the two books do you want? I want _. Please show me _. A. none ; another B. all ; the other C. neither ; the other D. neither ; another23._ side of the street is lined with different shops, _ of which sell electronic products. A. Both ; both B. Either ; all C. Neither ; either D. Either ; both24. Do you need anything else? Yes, we still need _ aircrafts. A. more two B. two more C. other two pieces of D. two other pieces of25.I had no idea which was better, so I took _ of them. A. any B. every C. none D. both26. The examination was easy, wasnt it? Yes, but I dont think _ could pass it. A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody27.Is there anyone who can do the job?_. A. None B. No one C. Not one D. Not many ones28.I wanted some water, but there was_in the bottle.A. none B. no C. any D. nothing29.Tom and Mary have arrived, but _students in your class arent here yet.A. other B. others C. the other D. the others30.Do September and April have thirty days_? A. every B. neither C. each D. all31. _of us is active in English class.A. Every B. Every one C. Everyone D. Anybody32.We have English classes_ day, Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.A. each other B. every other C. this and other D. all other33.Tom had a bad cold _is why he didnt come to school.A. It B. That C. This D. There34.They invited the three of _,Tom, Bob, and .A. us , me B. we , I C. us , I D. we , we