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读写任务型写作备考策略如何写好概括概括要点要求考生快速阅读，找出文章的中心句。中心句。一般在文章的开头、中间或结尾的地方。但有时需要考生借助关键词句自己总结，此时要注意改变语态、句式、措辞等，避免直接引用原句。概括是一个获取信息、加工信息的过程，需要严谨的思维和准确的语言表达能力，要使用自己的语言来表达，不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。因此，“概括短文的内容要点”实为客观简要地转述作者的观点、论据和结论。概括包括两个部分：主题句和支撑句。概括的方法如下：1.概括要抓住要点,语言精练:注重大意，省去详细的例子、细节，可先画出短文中的重要句子，例如文中的主题句、论点、论据和结论等。如果给的阅读材料是一个故事，应该用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么，不能拖泥带水，而且最好讲述该故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。如果是说明性或描述性短文,你就必须用概括的文字来说明某种现象。 如果是议论文的阅读短文,则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点(提示：检查概括时要看要点、看人称、看时态、看语法、看句子结构)。 2.不能添加自己的见解，但是要用自己的语言概括3. Write it in the third person . （第三人称）4.Control the number of words about 30.(25-40个字之内不会造成扣分)如何更好地完成第二项任务提出自己的观点并加以论证思路如下：(1)要紧紧围绕所给主题。(2)明确任务，千万不要漏掉写作内容中任何一个要点。(3)可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的观点，也可参照阅读材料中的内容，但不得照抄原文(4)注意连接词的恰当运用。(5)考生要写好“三句”：一是主题句，主题句拟论述的主题，句中必须包含可扩展主题的词、词组或从句。二是扩展句，扩展句要利用必要的细节对主题加以论证说明，是段落的主题部分。它的表达形式是多种多样的，可以按时间和空间顺序，从整体到局部，从局部到整体的方法叙述、描写、说明或议论。三是结论句，它主要是总结要点，与主题句相呼应，使读者对主题有深刻的印象或思考。议论文万能句：1进行概括概括文章要点，语言要精练，概括要全面，行文连贯，表达准确。议论文要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点、论据和结论。1. The passage mainly discusses that 2. We can know from the passage 3. As far as the author is concerned, 4. The chapter above is concerning + n.5.The article gives the view thatshould/shouldnt（主题）.（补充论据）.6.The passage highlights(强调) the importance of sth. 7.The author argues that 2自然过渡写完概括后，用恰当的过渡语引出自己的观点(反对或赞成)。过渡语起承上启下的作用，要显自然、连贯。常用的过渡句式有：表示赞同（1）This is what I want to say. （2）I fully support the statement above because I am very sure.（3）I quite agree with the writers idea. (4). I cant agree more with what the writer said/says.表示不赞同（1）to be fair, the author is right in that but he just goes too far in saying that.（2）I dont agree with the writers view. （3）Im strongly against the writers idea.（4）This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical.3.列举例证提出自己的观点后就要用具体的事例来论证自己的观点。常用的句式有：(1)First, .Second, .Last, . (2)On one hand, .on the other hand, . (3)For one thing.and for another. (4)Furthermore/Besides/In addition, . (5)Some think., while others may.4.总结点题进一步总结作者的观点，提出具体做法或号召，升华文章的主题。可以用套语配名言来点题，并注意文章前后呼应。（1）To sum up/In short/In conclusion/In a word/All in all.（2）Taking all the factors into account，we can draw a conclusion that.（3）From the discussion above，it can be safely concluded that.（4）Therefore，it is necessary for us to.观点论证型Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than the job-holders. A study shows that whenever the employment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increase correspondingly by 2%. All this comes down to one point: work is helpful to health. Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By work, people come into contact with each other. By collective activities, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him likely to disease. Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his writing or teacher sees his students grow, they are happy beyond words.写作内容1.以约30个词概括短文的要点；2.然后以约120个词就“努力学习，快乐生活”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点： (1)你赞同“努力学习也可以快乐生活”这一观点吗？简要阐述理由。 (2)举例说明你的同学是如何努力学习并保持健康乐观的心态的？ (3)简述如何才能做到努力学习并快乐生活？Key: 标题：Study hard and enjoy yourselves(概括)The author highlights the effect of work on peoples health, because it can rid one of loneliness, and make one feel fruitful and proud of himself, which always contributes to a good body. （个人观点：赞同或不赞同）In common with the author, I agree that the harder you work, the happier you will be, as hard work can keep a person busy, and give one a sense of achievement, hence he will be self-confident and feel happy. （正文）Around me, some of my classmates work very hard, hoping to fulfill their dream. However, they dont seem unhappy. Oppositely, they try to find fun even under the pressure of the NMET. For example, they may share the joy with others when working out a problem. Sometimes they may play a trick on his partner using the newly-learned idioms, thus refresh themselves quickly. （总结）As for me, I think only when we truly experience what fun it is, can we spare no effort to study hard and meanwhile enjoy ourselves.对立观点式写作 题一 An approximate 400 sqm hall was full of people，and dozens of twisting queues were wriggling forwardEach one with hands full of tutoring books clustered in the Guangzhou Book Center at the first weekend of the new semester The tutoring books and the reference series of the New Class Standards are the principle targets for the parents“Each family has only one child and parents want to give the best to the kid”one parent saidIn order to get an appropriate book to meet their childrens needs，many of them have been waiting for more than 3 hours“Absolutely，it can never be called a happy experiencebut you must do something for your children，”said another parent，with a complicated look on her face Educators warned that too many tutoring books are not good for the children. Parents and schools should choose books from reliable publishing housesThey also argued that too many tutoring books would be a heavy burden to middle school students and also a waste of money because many of these books have the same content and are always thrown away after use“Middle school students must focus on their study，but in a certain sense，the relationship between tutoring books and scores has been over-emphasized”said Professor Li，one famous specialist in the education field【写作内容】 1以约30个词概括短文的要点； 2然后以约120个词就“书该不该买”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点： a有些人认为书应该借来看，这样既可以充分利用公共资源，又可以节约； b有些人认为书应该买来看，这样才会更方便； c阐述你自己的看法并说明理由。【练习】（概括）The passage argues that_ （一方观点）Many people choose to borrow books from librariesFor one thing，_For another，_ （另一方观点）However，others argue that the advantages for buying books are more obviousFirstly，_Secondly _Finally，_（个人观点）I think_（总结）As for tutoring books and textbooks，I prefer_ 题二 We all love new inventionsThey are exciting，amazing and can change our livesBut have all these developments really improved the quality of our lives? Picture this：Youre rushing to finish your homework on the computerYour mobile phone rings，a QQ message from your friend appears on the screen，and the noise from the television is getting louder and louderSuddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your workNow you have to stay up all night to get it doneHow calm and happy do you feel? Inventions have sped up our lives so much that they often leave us feeling stressed and firedWhy do you think people who live far away from noisy cities，who have no telephones，no cars，not even any electricity often seem to be happier? Perhaps it is because they lead simple lives【写作内容】 1以约30个词概括短文的要点； 2然后以约120个词就“科技发明给我们带来了什么”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点： a科技发明为生活带来的便利； b科技发明为生活带来的烦恼； c. 结合自身或身边的例子说明如何取得利与弊的平衡。【练习】 Fill in the gaps：The author discussed_ （弊端）It goes without saying that new inventions sometimes cause troubles in our lifeFor example，_Whats more，_(好处)However_ （结论）So there are always at least two aspects to any situation_ 记叙文写作万能句：【思路点拨】叙事类文章的内容包括“主题、情节和主旨”三个方面，其中情节是主要部分，“主题”和“主旨”有时藏于“情节”之中。但在写摘要时，不能仅仅描写情节，必要时要点出“主题”和“主旨”。(1)审题，明确题目要求：通过审题明确文章主题、写作内容、主要时态和主体人称等问题。(2)阅读，抓住内容要点：阅读短文，找出文章的内容要点。记叙文的内容要点是：时间(when)，地点(where)，什么人(who)，做了什么事(what)，结果怎么样(how)，这是记叙文的五要素。(3)概括，转述作者观点；用自己的话转述原文内容要点。用自己的话将记叙文的五要素串联起来,但有时也不一定面面俱到，只需回答下列问题即可：谁做了什么事？结果怎么样？文章揭示了什么？(需要与否，看实际情况)(4)过渡，引出自己的观点：写了摘要后，用句过渡的话，再引出自己的观点(赞成或反对)或引出类似的故事。(5)例证，论证自己的观点。编写与阅读文章主题相同但情节不同的故事(亲身经历或虚构)。(6)结论，注意前后呼应。(7)润色，使其锦上添花：一查人称是否符合要求；二查语法方面的问题，包括用词、时态等方面的错误等；三查逻辑关系，看前后观点是否一致；四查是否使用一些较为高级的句型，摘要的开头语a.点明写作目的类：1.The passage/ story is mainly about (talks about) 2.The writer/author tells us about 3.The writer tells us（主题）by showing us an example of, who/which（故事情节）.b.作者经历类：In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth, whichc. 他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sbs experience of doing sth.记叙文的过渡语 (引出类似的经历)1.This story reminds me of another story that happened to2.This story reminds me of a similar experience of/I have a similar experience like the writer.3. There is a story about me realizing the importance of patience. 4.Take me for example.5.As far as I am concerned, I have a similar experience .第三段：1.Through this experience, I have learned that we should help each other in our daily life. 2.As for me/ Personally, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem, only in this way can we build a harmonious society in the future. 结尾段：1.To be brief，we should be aware of the importance of.总之，我们应当明白的重要性。2.Therefore，it is necessary for us to.因此，我们有必要3. In a word/ All in all/ In conclusion/ To sum upThe Best GiftDella and Jim broke away from their families to get married. Now they lived in a small attic of a cold and old building. They were now digesting the hardship of life. The only joy was their sweet love for each other. The handsome husband had to be burdened with a family though he was young. The beautiful wife took care of the shabby house with the few coins she saved. Christmas was coming. They were thinking of a good gift for each other. Della wore a waterfall of black hair, but her comb was broken. Jim had a gold watch with an old chain, which was passed from his old grandfather. The big day finally came. On arriving home, Jim was surprised to find Dellas long hair cut short. But Della was also surprised to find Jims gold watch gone. She had sold her hair to buy a gold watch chain for him! He had sold his gold watch to buy an expensive comb for her!The gifts were now useless. But in fact they got the best gifts.【学生样本1】This passage tells us a story about a couple. They sold the most valuable thing for themselves to buy a gifts for each other. Even though the gifts became useless, they (had) received the best gift(s) indeed.【学生样本2】This story tells us that a husband Jim and a wife Della love each other. On Christmas, they send the best gifts to each other, but each lose their dear thing. The gifts are useless. 【评论点拨】 两个样本都表达了一些关键的词语(Della, Jim, love, gift等), 但是从“主题句统摄支撑句”的要求来看， 与记叙文的文体目的配合不够完美。样本1的主题句没有样本2好。样本1比较空洞， 读者看不出故事的主题和“教化”意义， 且有不少的语法错误；样本2没有点明礼物，说到了两个人之间的“love”。 但是样本1后面的支撑句Even though the gifts became useless, they (had) received the best gift(s) indeed.说明了故事的情节和目的， 又比样本2好。因此， 两个样本差不多， 可以评34分(满分5分)。参考答案：The text is about a gift of love between Jim and Della. Both of them sold what they liked best to buy a gift for the other. The gifts were in fact the true love to each other.说明文写作万能句【思路点拨】读写任务说明文写作，要了解说明的主旨以及说明的顺序，要求学生按照合理的顺序或按一定的写作线索选用适当的连接词，将句子连珠成串，使各句连成结构紧凑、层次分明、语义连贯的短文。说明文的特点：条理清楚，层次分明。 说明文的文章结构：介绍对象(主题)支持说明。注意：人称一般是第三人称，时态常用一般现在时。【句型积累】常见几种篇章结构及其对应句式：1描写事物的性质功用，“对象性质功用利弊”：In the passage the writer introduces.( 对 象 )to us, especially.(性质或功用), from which we know.(对象带来的利弊)2针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施，“问题解决方法”：The passage tells us how to.(问题), including.3介绍某现象及原因和结果，“现象原因结果”：The author said/talks about.(现象) of., because/but. 4现象揭示类：This article points out( 指 出 )the common phenomenon.( 主题), which.(补充解释)/The phenomenon mentioned in this passage reflects that5利弊对比类： The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and BA.while B. The passage discusses the impact of sth. On the positive side., but it may also.6研究显示类：The study reveals (揭露) that.The purpose of the report is to show that. 夹叙夹议就是一方面叙述某一事情，一方面又对此事加以分析与评论。这种表达方式中的叙与议是一个有机的整体，“叙”是“议”的基础，即议论不能脱离记叙，必须在记叙的基础上展开；“议”是“叙”的渗透，即议论在记叙的基础上发表，且要有一定的深度与广度。 写夹叙夹议类书面表达时，思维要有灵活性，要随着记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式。夹叙夹议的写作 文章内容要素包括who, what, when, where, how。夹叙夹议文写作的具体过程是：点题(abstract), 指向(orientation), 进展 (action)，评议(evaluation), 结果(result)和回应(coda)。In junior high school, one of my classmates, Ethan, was addicted to TV. This boy simply knew everything about such pop shows as whos the Boss? Then one day Ethans mother made him an offer in order to draw him back to his school subjects. She promised that she would give him $200 if he could go a full month without watching any TV None of us thought Ethan could do it, but he did quit TV His mom paid him $200. He went out and bought a TV the biggest he could find. In recent years, hundreds of schools have carried out experiments with paying kids with cash for showing up or getting good grades. All school kids admire this trend. But it upsets adults. Teachers say that we are rewarding kids for doing what they should be doing of their own will. Psychologists warn that money can actually make kids perform worse by making the act of learning cheap. The debate has become a typical battle over why our kids are not learning at the rate they should be despite decades of reforms and budget increases. 写作内容1.以约30词概括上文的主要内容。2.以约120词对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的现象进行议论，内容包括： (1)你对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的看法： (2)你的父母（或其他亲人）是如何鼓励你学习的； (3)你认为怎样才能更好地鼓励孩子学习The passage tells us Enthans mother and many schools rewarded kids with cash to improve their performance and change their bad habits. However, psychologists point out it will cause negative consequences. As far as Im concerned.encouraging kids with cash will.Take one of my classmates as a typical example, he .As a result, not only did he not become a good student but worse still, it aggravated his severe situation.Being no exception, my parents also care about my studying. but they.Finally, I became a top students in my class.From what has been mentioned above, we can drew the conclusion that.On one hand.On the other hand.Only in this way can parents make their kids grow up healthfully.
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