2020高考英语专题训练《语法填空说明文》含答案解析

2020年高考英语专题训练：语法填空说明文(一)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Friendship is indispensable (不可缺少的) to peoples life. A man without friends is like an angel without wings, 1 life will suffer in the long tolerance of 2 (lonely) and depression. Friendship is the mother of our soul, who will warm her kid if hurt 3 (occur). We have many things such as happiness, 4 (excite) and bitterness, to share with our friends in life, etc. Thus, it is important 5 (maintain) a true friendship.It takes many special qualities to make a friend. Understanding should come first. Only when we get a better understanding of each other can we gain 6 authentic and meaningful friendship.It also takes a special kind of love that seems to have no end. Never hesitate to show your kindness to your friend when he/she is 7 trouble. Love is not selfish. Love is such a valuable quality 8 (give) by God that we should treasure all our life.Tolerance is the 9 (three) essential part in friendship. We are 10 (absolute) different persons. This individual distinction may cause conflict. But just try to tolerate others so that you can maintain your friendship.助读词汇depression n. 沮丧；压抑 tolerance n. 宽容；忍耐力hesitate v. 犹豫 authentic adj. 真正的individual adj. 个体的；个人的 distinction n. 差别；差异bitterness n. 痛苦 maintain vt. 维持(二)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Nothing can compare to the warm hug of a person, but when there is no one else around, this little Japanese 1 (invent) can do the job quite well. It is call the “tranquility chair”, 2 back is shaped like giant human doll with a 3 (friend) face and long arms that can wrap around you in an affectionate hug.The chair is the product of a Japanese company. “It 4 (make) you feel safe,” said a spokesman in that company. “ 5 it is specially designed for the old, anyone can use it.”Given that a quarter of Japans population is 6 (current) over the age of 65, and the number is expected to rise 7 40% in the coming decades, the tranquility chair is really quite suitable for the Japanese market. The company has also come up with a similar product like “Life Rhythm Dolls”, which are programmed 8 (remind) the users to take their medicine on time.Meanwhile, the spokesman explained that the hugging chair is also designed to help dementia (痴呆) patients as well as people 9 (suffer) from anxiety, fear or 10 (control) anger.助读词汇giant adj. 巨大的 affectionate adj. 深情的doll n. 玩偶；洋娃娃 spokesman n. 发言人decade n. 十年 wrap around 包围；围住given that 考虑到 be expected to 有望；预计(三)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A Bite of China, a Chinese documentary television series on the history of food, eating and cooking, returns! The show 1 (broadcast) on CCTV Channels every Friday now. 2 (cover) over 300 different 3 (dish) and more than 150 people, the new season not only is a simple 4 (introduce) to food, but also 5 investigation of Chinese people and society. Hot topics, such as higher education, 6 (discuss) in the documentary series.Chen Xiaoqing, 7 (direct) of the documentary as well as a famous food writer in China, wishes to explore the relationship between Chinese people and their food through the show.The beauty and mystery of Chinese food had never been 8 (proper) explained or thoroughly appreciated on an artistic level 9 the show of A Bite of China was put on the TV screen in May, 2012.A Bite of China has not only sparked (引发) a growing food craze, but also the interest in Chinese culture. Lets travel along the A Bite of China, 10 voyage of food and culture.助读词汇documentary n. 纪录片 investigation n. 调查mystery n. 神秘 appreciate vt. 欣赏thoroughly adv. 彻底地；完全地 craze n. 狂热(形容词为crazy)television series 电视连续剧 artistic level 艺术上的层次(四)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Have you ever asked yourself why children go to school? Youll _1_ (probable) say they go to learn languages, arithmetic, history, science and some other knowledge. That _2_ (be) quite true, but why do they learn these things?We send our _3_ (child) to school to prepare them for the time when they will be big and will have to work for _4_ (they). Nearly everything they study at school has some _5_ (practice) use in their life. But is that the only reason why they go to school?There is more in education than just learning facts. We go to school _6_ (learn) how to learn, so that when we have left school we can continue to learn. A man _7_ really knows how to learn will always be successful, because when he _8_(have) to do something new, he can not only do it well himself, but he can also teach others how to do it _9_ the best way. The uneducated person, in contrast, is either unable to do something new, or just does it badly. The purpose of schools, therefore, is not to teach languages, arithmetic, history and science, _10_ to teach pupils the way to learn.助读词汇arithmetic n. 算术 uneducated adj. 未受教育的therefore adv. 因此 pupil n. (小)学生in contrast 相反 not onlybut also 不但而且 (五)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places _1_ are also enjoyed by the local people of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the local people become _2_ (happy). They begin to dislike tourists _3_ to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the countrys economy. It is important _4_ (think) about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help _5_ country keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also advance the well-being of local people.Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too _6_ (quick), people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the _7_ (country) economy can suffer.On the other hand, if there _8_ (be) not enough tourism, people can lose jobs. Businesses can also lose money. It costs much money to build large hotels, airports, first-class roads and other support facilities _9_ (need) by tourist attractions. For instance, a major international-class tourism hotel can cost 50,000 dollars per room to build. If this room isnt used most of the time, the _9_ (own) of the hotel will lose money.助读词汇proper adj. 适当的 crowd vt. 挤满affect vt. 影响 advance vt. 推进facility n. 设施 well-being n. 福祉destination country 目的国 tourism industry 旅游业for instance 例如 tourist attraction 旅游景点(六)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Halloween is celebrated on October 31. Its an _1_ (excite) event in the US and in UK, _2_ almost every calendar has Halloween marked on it.On this day, people in the past made big fires and dressed in scary costumes _3_ (frighten) the evil spirits. Now at Halloween American children in primary schools take their costumes and masks _4_ school. Typical Halloween costumes are the witch, ghost, skeleton, monster or alien. Some young people have fun _5_ (make) their own costumes, while others prefer to buy them. In the afternoon the children put on their costumes and have a Halloween party at school. Schools _6_ (decorate) with pumpkins, ghosts, witches and bats. Its a popular tradition to make lanterns out of pumpkins. People put them in front of the windows of _7_ (they) homes.In the 19th century Irish immigrants took their Halloween customs to the US. After their _8_ (introduce) of the customs of “trick-or-treating”, American and British children and _9_ (teenager) go “trick-or-treating” on Halloween evening. They go from house to house in their costumes and ring doorbells. When the door opens, they shout, “Trick _10_ treat?” People usually give them sweets or money. If not, the children play a trick!助读词汇calendar n. 日历 scary adj. 吓人的costume n. 服装 mask n. 面具typical adj. 典型的 lantern n. 灯笼pumpkin n. 南瓜 immigrant n. 移民evil spirits 幽灵；恶鬼 play a trick 搞恶作剧(七)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Shopping in Singapore is really a pleasure for tourists. The Great Singapore Sale _1_ (hold) every year, usually during _2_ summer months. Singapores famous shopping stores welcome a great number of visitors from all over the world. _3_ (they) shopping hours last till midnight. During this time, nice and cheap goods are _4_ sale for tourists to choose from. Tourists can also try delicious foods there and experience the Singaporean nightlife.Certain stores offer discounts of up to 70% or even _5_ (high) if people use their credit cards. For tourists _6_ hold a special Tourist Card, they can enjoy a lot of _7_ (benefit), such as discounts on watches, jewelry and cosmetics (化妆品). The card also gives discounts when you visit local _8_ (attract) such as Singapore Zoo.It is well worth _9_ (check) out in the different shopping districts of Singapore during this 8-week Shopping Marathon. Orchard Road is _10_ (sure) the best place for shopping in the city. A large number of restaurants and clubs can be found in this area. Marina Bay includes both big department stores as well as small shops, so everything you would want to buy can be found here.助读词汇goods n. 商品；货物 jewelry n. 珠宝credit card 信用卡 the Great Singapore Sale新加坡热卖会shopping district 商业区 offer discounts of up to 70% 提供高达70%的折扣(八)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Colorful fruits and vegetables are good for our health. Their _1_ (nature) colors help protect our bodies from disease. Think about the colors of fruits and vegetables the red of tomatoes, the orange of carrots, the green of apples and the purple of grapes.You can enjoy _2_ (eat) fruits and vegetables of all colors green, yellow, blue, purple, and white. Each color _3_ (be) important to our health. These colors work together to protect _4_ (we) bodies. Scientists have studied them and discovered _5_ good of colorful fruits and vegetables. The list below _6_ (show) the good of some colors in fruits and vegetables:Red gives us a healthy heart. It can _7_ (possible) reduce heart disease. Red helps improve our memory.Yellow is good _8_ our eyes.White can reduce cholesterol (胆固醇).Green is good for our eyes, too. It also gives us strong bones and _9_ (tooth).Blue helps us keep a good memory as we grow old. It also helps fight heart disease. So, _10_ you are buying or eating fruits and vegetables, remember to try different colors of them.助读词汇carrot n. 胡萝卜 purple n. 紫色good n. 好处 reduce vt. 减少heart disease 心脏病 protectfrom 保护免受(九)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。What does traveling mean? Visit, enjoy and discover.Every year hundreds and thousands of people come to the UK. And London, the capital city, _1_ (be) usually their first stop. What can they see? What can they experience?_2_ (get) around in London is not difficult. There is the underground train, the oldest in the world, or the _3_ (tradition) double-decker bus. A boat trip along the River Thames takes you _4_ the Tower of London.Going around the city center on foot is easy. The maps in the streets will show you _5_ is around you in five-minute walk. You can _6_ (amaze) get a great view of the city from 135 meters up on a huge wheel, the London Eye. Look across the river _7_ you will see the Houses of Parliament and the famous clock tower, Big Ben.There are over 240 _8_ (museum) in the capital, but the two most popular are in South Kensington and cost nothing to get into. In the Natural History Museum, the key word is Big. Next to it is the Science Museum. It _9_ (have) those great British inventions, the history of flight and _10_ (explore) of space.助读词汇flight n. 飞行 double-decker bus 双层公共汽车go around 四处走动 get a great view of 得到的好景观(十)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。If I have a learning strategy, I would say it is imitation. I like watching Disney cartoons. They are so interesting _1_ I watch them again and again. I dont remember when I began to imitate the _2_ (dialogue), but I do remember that one day my English teacher said that my pronunciation and intonation _3_ (be) quite good. I think by imitation, I get not only beautiful pronunciation and intonation, but also _4_ kind of “feeling” for English.My another strategy is _5_ (guess) the meaning of words in the context, and I got that quite _6_ (occasion). Once I _7_ (read) an English story when I came across a new word. But I was so _8_ (involve) in the story that I didnt want to stop _9_ (check) its meaning. So I looked around the word and guessed its meaning. Later, when I looked it _10_, I found that I was right! Since then, I began to practice this strategy. By doing this, my guessing ability improves and moreover, my reading speed increases!助读词汇strategy n. 策略 imitation n. 模仿dialogue n. 对话 intonation n. 语调context n. 语境 come across 偶遇；无意中发现参考答案(一)本文主要说明了维系友谊的三个重要因素：理解、友爱和宽容。1. whose 作为关系代词引导非限定性定语从句，指代的是前面angel的所有格。2. loneliness 分析句子结构和后面的depression可知这里应用lonely的名词形式。3. occurs 由if引导的条件状语从句的主语是单数名词hurt，故谓语用第三人称单数。4. excitement 由本空格前面的happiness以及后面的bitterness可知这里应该填excite的名词形式。5. to maintain 由it is + adj. to do sth.的结构可知这里必须填不定式，不定式作主语，it是形式主语。6. an 句意是：只有当我们更好地相互了解，我们才能获得一份真挚和有意义的友谊。7. in 固定搭配in trouble意为“在困境/困难中”。8. given 本句已经有谓语动词is，故give在此作非谓语。又因后面有by God，可知道是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。9. third 根据上文可知此处应用three的序数词。10. absolutely 由于空格后是一个形容词different，故用副词来修饰形容词。(二)本文介绍了一张由日本某家公司研发的“拥抱椅”的神奇功能。1. invention 作主语用名词形式。2. whose 引导非限定性定语从句，whose指代的是“tranquility chair的”。3. friendly 修饰名词face用形容词形式。4. makes 表示一般的情况，且主语是it，故用第三人称单数。5. Although 引导让步状语从句。6. currently 修饰表语用副词形式。7. to 固定搭配rise to意为“上升到”。8. to remind 此处remind是非谓语，表“目的”用动词不定式。9. suffering 此处suffer是非谓语，且与逻辑主语people存在主动关系，故填现在分词短语作后置定语。10. uncontrollable 修饰名词用形容词形式，而根据句意，必须用uncontrollable。(三)本文主要是介绍了中央电视台记录片舌尖上的中国。1. is being broadcast 由句末的now这个时间状语以及整个句子的意思可知道，舌尖上的中国第二季现在每周五都播出，故用现在进行时的被动语态。2. Covering 此处cover是非谓语。本句的主语是the new season，指代的是舌尖上的中国第二季，与cover之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。3. dishes 因dish是可数名词，由前面的300 different可知要用复数形式。 4. introduction 形容词修饰名词形式。5. an 因investigation为可数名词，在其前面缺少冠词，根据句意，应该用不定冠词。6. are discussed 分析句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，故discuss在此作谓语。主语是hot topics，为复数名词，topics(话题)是被讨论，故用一般现在时的被动语态。7. director 根据句首的人名可知这里是指导演(人)，故用director。8. properly 修饰动词explained要用副词形式。9. until 引导时间状语从句，表“直到”。10. another 因another泛指“另一个”。(四)本文告诉我们，学生去学校读书的真正目的。1. probably 修饰后面的动词say用副词。2. is 根据前后语境判断用一般现在时，主语that为单数。3. children 根据后面的them可知要用复数形式。4. themselves 缺少宾语填代词。根据语境可推知，此处是指“为他们自己工作”，故填反身代词。5. practical 此处用形容词修饰后面的名词，作定语。6. to learn 表目的，用动词不定式。7. who 引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语。8. has 根据前后语境判断用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数。9. in 习惯搭配in the best way意为“用最好的方法”。10. but 此处是not.but.结构，意为“不是而是”。(五)本文介绍了去旅游时应该注意的一些细节。1. that 引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语。2. unhappy 此处要用形容词作表语，根据前面提到的too much traffic可判断当地人会因此感到“不开心”，故填unhappy。3. and 表“联合”关系要用并列连词and。4. to think 动词不定式作真正主语，it是形式主语。5. a 不定冠词的基本用法，此处意为“一个(国家)”。6. quickly 修饰前面的动词grows，用副词形式。7. countrys 指这个“国家的”经济，用名词所有格形式。8. is 主语为单数，时态为一般现在时。9. needed 此处need是非谓语动词，且与facilities为被动关系，故填needed。10. owner(s) 作主语要用名词，根据语境可知此处是指旅馆的主人，故填owner(s)，单复数均可。(六)本文主要介绍了在美国和英国年轻人是如何庆祝万圣节的。1. exciting 修饰名词要用形容词。2. where 引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是US和UK，指地点，故用where。3. to frighten 表目的，用动词不定式。4. to 由习惯搭配take.to.意为“把带到”可知。5. making 由习惯搭配have fun doing sth.意为“做某事很有乐趣”可知。6. are decorated 此处decorate作谓语，考虑时态和语态。主语Schools与decorate为被动关系，故用被动语态。7. their 主语是people，故此处要填形容词性物主代词their。8. introduction 因their为形容词性物主代词，后加名词。9. teenagers 与前面的children为本句的并列主语，用复数形式。10. or 此处表“选择”关系，句意：不招待就使坏。(七)本文介绍了一些在新加坡购物的情况。1. is held 因The Great Singapore Sale与hold是被动关系，故用被动语态(be held)；由语境可知是一般现在时，主语又是单数，故填is held。2. the 此处表特指，特指后面的summer months。3. Their 修饰后面的名词shopping hours要用形容词性物主代词。4. on 固定短语on sale意为“(贱价)出售”。5. higher 根据空前的even和空后的根据if people use their credit cards以及生活常识可推知要用比较级。6. that 引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语。7. benefits 由前面的a lot of可判断用复数形式。8. attractions 作宾语要用名词。9. checking 由It is worth doing.意为“做某事是值得的”句型可知。10. surely 此处surely作句子的状语，故要用副词形式，也可放在句首。(八)本文介绍了各种不同颜色的水果和蔬菜的益处。1. natural 在名词前作定语，要用形容词。2. eating 由固定用法enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”可知。3. is 根据主语Each color可判断用单数形式，根据前后的语境判断时态用一般现在时。4. our 名词前要用形容词性物主代词。5. the 此处表特指，要用定冠词。6. shows 主语是The list，单数，故谓语要用第三人称单数。7. possibly 修饰动词reduce要用副词。8. for 由固定短语be good for意为“对有好处”可知。9. teeth 因tooth是可数名词，要与前面的bones并列，故用复数。10. when 引导时间状语从句，表“当时”。(九)本文介绍了去伦敦旅行的攻略。1. is 主语为London，用单数形式，根据语境判断时态为一般现在时。2. Getting 动名词作主语。3. traditional 在名词double-decker bus前作定语，要用形容词。4. to 由习惯搭配taketo意为“带到”可知。5. what 引导宾语从句，并在从句中充当主语。6. amazingly 修饰动词get，要用副词。7. and 前后为顺承关系，故用并列连词and。8. museums 由前面的数词240可判断用复数形式。9. has 根据前后语境判断用一般现在时，主语it为第三人称单数。10. exploration 作宾语用名词，与前面的名词flight为并列关系。(十)本文作者分享了一些学习英语的策略。1. that 由句型sothat意为“如此以致于”可知。2. dialogues 根据前面的I like watching Disney cartoons.可推知理应是很多对话，故用复数。3. were 根据前后语境判断用过去式，主语为复数。4. a 不定冠词的基本用法，意为“一种(感觉)”。5. guessing 动名词作表语。6. occasionally 用副词修饰前面的动词got。7. was reading 此处read作谓语，根据前后语境判断用过去进行时，或根据后面的when也可知。句型sb. was doing.when.意为“某人正在做某事，就在这时”。8. involved 形容词作表语，意为“着迷的”。9. to check 由固定结构stop to do sth.意为“停下来开始做某事”可知。10. up 由固定短语lookup意为“查阅(字典)”可知。