非谓语动词胡尔倩高一.docx

非谓语动词 一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别1感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to 的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。如：I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。I heard her singing and English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。I heard the English song sung many times.我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。如：I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态)I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成)2leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave 保留了原来之义“留下”，但表达的确切之义应是“使处于某种状态）。leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事（宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。）leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多）leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不定式表示将来的动作。）如：Its wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你让机器一直开着是不对的。（主动，正在进行）The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didnt taste delicious. 客人们没有动大部分菜，因为它们尝起来不可口。（被动，完成）He left, leaving me to do all the rest work. 他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主动，将来）We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. 我们匆匆忙忙导结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。（被动，将来）3have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中heave, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。 have sth. done = get sth. done “使/让某事由别人去做”（叫/让某人做某事）。如Ill have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.此外，have sth. done 还表示“使遭受”之意。如Tom had his leg broken while playing football.Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动，正在进行）get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. 农忙时，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。如：I wont have you speaking to your parents like that.我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。Dont have the water running all the time. 不要让水流个不停。 have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/让/叫某人去做某事如：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. I cant get him to stop smoking. He wont listen to me. 三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to：它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（fell）。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上动词除let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find, catch, keep, lave 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。如：At that time, I found him crying in the street. He was caught stealing. Im sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. 二、分词作定语1作定语的及物动词分词形式为：V ing; being + 过去分词；过去分刻画 。当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时，用V ing；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。例如：The houses being built are for the teachers. The broken glass is Toms. I have never seen a more moving movie. 2作定语的不及物动词分词形式为：V ing 和过去分词。V ing 表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。如：falling leaves 正落的叶子 fallen leaves 落下的叶子boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 沸腾过的水（白开水）三、不定式、过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区别这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作的发生时间上。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。如：Have you read the novel written by Dickens ?He is man loved and respected by all. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases known only to people with specific knowledge. 现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：Listen ! The song being sung is very popular with the students. 不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。如：The question to be discussed at the tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 清单四 不定式、动名词作宾语用法要点一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help 此外，afford, strive 等也要用不定式作宾语。例如： She pretended not to see me when I passed by. We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are striving to make their products more competitive. 二、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣赏，不禁介意准逃亡。consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, cant help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk 此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。 The squirrels was lucky that if just missed being caught. I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocena in five days. I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事remember to do sth. 记住去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事regret to do sth. 后悔/遗憾去做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事 try doing sth. 尝试着做某事mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事go on to do sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.)cant help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事例如： She reached the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot to turn it off. I usually go there by train. Why not try going by boat for a change ? You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret having done that. 2动词like, love, prefer 后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词，如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面则应接动词不定式。如：I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.Id like to go swimming this weekend. 3在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即：allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth. allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth. 如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 4动词need, require, want 作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词need 表“需要”，require 表“要求”，want 表“想要”这些意义时，其后须接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补足语。即：need / require / want doing / to be done need / require / want sb. to do sth. be worth + n. (表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词) be worth doing be worthy of being done be worthy of + n. 值得 be worthy to be done 如：The window needs / requires / wants cleaning. The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned.窗户需要擦一下。The place is worth visiting. The place is worthy of a visit. The place is worthy of being visited. The place is worthy to be visited. 那个地方值得一去。如： only one of these books is worth reading. What do you think of the book ? Oh, excellent, Its worth reading a second time. 四、动词不定式作动词tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等词的宾语时，前面常带wh 引导词。即how, what, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。但why + 不带to 的不定式。注意此用法的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从句。例如：He showed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us how we should do the work.)I dont know what to do. ( = I dont know what Ill do.)Can you tell me why do it ?五、动词不定式在介词but, other than 后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do 的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。另外在cant choose but, cant help but, cant but 后面的不定式也要省略to。如：We could do nothing but / other than wait. We had nothing to do but / other than wait. We have no choice but to wait. I cant choose but laugh. 4独立成分作状语有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：Generally speaking 一般说来Frankly speaking 坦白地说Judging from 根据来判断Considering 考虑到To tell you the truth 说实话四、动名词作主语动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。It is / was no use / good + doing sth. It is / was not any use / good + doing sth.It is / was of little use / good + doing sth. It is / was useless 如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。It is of little good staying up too late every day. 每天都熬夜没有什么好处若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 眼见为实。五、注意以下表达的意义区别falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落下的树叶boiling water 沸腾的水 boiled water 烧开过的水developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon. Her job is giving piano lessons to children, but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance. The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake. (The girl was frightened. ) 看到蛇，女孩尖叫起不。His frightening shout scared the boys again. ( The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened. )他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑了。类似的还有：an exciting voice 令人兴奋的声音 an excited voice 兴奋的声音a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 a puzzled look 困惑的表情 He hunted all the shops, looking for a nice present for his girlfriend. (伴随)他找遍了所有的商店，为他的女友寻来一件精英的礼物。He hunted all the shops to buy a nice present for his girlfriend. (目的)为给他的女友买一件精美的礼物，他跑遍了所有的商店。I stayed up very late yesterday, preparing my speech. 小试牛刀试题（一）1. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed 2. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told 4. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island. A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time 5. _ at the door before entering, please. A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock 6. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit 7. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up 8. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 9. _ from heart trouble for years, Professor white has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 10. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are striving _ their products more competitive. A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made 11. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 12. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 13. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 14. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be cone to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 15. Having a trip abroad is certainly for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen (二)1. prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 2. Why did you go back to the shop ? I left my friend _ there. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits 3. The manager, _ his factorys products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known 4. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 5. Mr Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 6. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 7. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 8. _ times, hell make a first class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 9. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest 10. The discovery of new evidence led to _. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 11. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 12. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _ clear warnings before firing any shots.A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued 13. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 14. Im going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _?A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought 15. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating （三）1. _ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 2. The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to caus D. having caused 3. _, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally 4. While watching television, _. A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 5. “You cant catch me !” Janet shouted, _ away. A. To have had B. having had C. Have D. Having 6. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having7. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _.A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave 8. The prize of the game show is $ 30,000 and all expenses _ vacation to China. A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid 9. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 10. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained 11. I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 12. He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost 13. _ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put 14. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars. A. had B. having C. to have D. have 15. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken （四）1. _ such heavy loss, he businessman didnt have the courage to go on. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 2. With no rain for three months and food supplies _ out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse. A. run B. running C. to run D. to be run 3. Hill often attends public lectures at the University of London, chiefly _ his English. A. to improve B. improving C. to have improved D. improved 4. Walking out of it with a _ smile on his face, he turned _ goodbye to his classmates in the classroom. A. forcing; to say B. forced; to saying C. forcing; to saying D. forced; to say 5. A remote controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, _ at least 12 people. A. having been injured B. having injured C. injuring D. injured 6. It is said that Barbaras sister fell off her bicycle on her way to school, _ in the left leg. A. seriously damaging B. hurting badly C. breaking seriously D. badly hurt 7. Whats the matter with Tim ? Oh. Tims cellphone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _ again. A. to find B. to be found C. finding D. being found 8. The car burns more fuel, but _ all things into consideration, its still a good car. A. taken B. having taken C. taking D. to take 9. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _, we refused the offer. A. not finishing B. had not been finished C. not having finished D. not being finished 10. The earthquake _ the tsunami (海滩) happened deep under the sea, _ more than 200,000 people. A. causing; killing B. caused; killing C. causing; killed D. caused; killed 11. The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if _ that he had something to tell the doctor. A. saying B. having said C. to say D. to have said 12. Though _ natural resources, the area is well developed. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 13. What worried me most was _ to go abroad alone. A. my not allowing B. having not allowed C. my being not allowed D. my not being allowed 14. It is silly of me _ all eggs in one basket. That was the worst mistake Ive ever made. A. to put B. to have put C. putting D. having put 15. My job was to wash bottles, which would then be filled with wine, or _ the filled bottles in boxes. A. to put B. putting C. having put D. being put 答案与解析（一）AA D B D A B BC A C DB （二）B A A DA B DDDC BADBC （三）C D CCB DDBAD AB A CA （四）ABADC DB CDA CC DB A