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考点四 （半）开放类,考向关注 不同于情景作文，(半)开放性作文属于非限制性作文，即试题中不给出详细的材料、图画、图表或其他提示内容等，而是要求考生根据所给的试题，展开联想，自由发挥，正确表达。同时，开放性作文没有标准答案，老师评卷不是根据,考生所选观点是否正确进行评定，而是根据考生的表达水平给分。由于开放性作文一般没有提示和要点的限制，从而更好地考查了考生对英语语言的综合运用能力及考生的想象力和创造力，因此，这种题型也越来越受到高考命题人的青睐。原来只有北京一个地区使用开放性作文，慢慢地湖南、湖北、安徽、福建、江苏、江西等一些省份以及采用全国卷的省份也相继采用了开放性作文或半开放性作文这种命题形式。,【典例1】 (2014湖南) 学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品(如钢笔、书包、鞋子)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以My Magic_为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。 内容： 1. 说明设计理由。 2. 介绍新功能。 注意： 1. 词数不少于120个。 2. 不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。 _,【思路点拨】 1.审体裁、时态：本文是一篇开放性作文，要求考生根据所给的信息写一篇短文，标题为My Magic_,有很大的选择面。时态应该用一般现在时。 2.审内容：从所给材料可知有两方面内容：一是说明设计理由；二是介绍新功能，考生可以大胆展开想象，但也不能漫无边际，科技产品的目的是让生活更加轻松，而我们设计的产品要注意环保。,【思路模板】 1.提出设计理念和产品：To make life easier and the environment more beautiful, I have designed a pair of magic shoes. 2.说明新功能：You neednt wash them forever; they can be used as a kind of transportation means. 3.前景：In the future fewer and fewer people will drive cars. Our world will be greener and clearer.,参考范文 My Magic Shoes To make our life easier and the environment more heautiful, I have designed a pair of magic shoes. Compared to the traditional ones, they have three new unique functions.,1. The shoes are made from specially produced recycled paper which stands high pressure and temperature but they wont tear forever. 2. You neednt wash them forever, for they wash themselves. 3. The most magically, they can be used as a kind of trans-portation means. When you want to get somewhere as fast as possible, they will speed up of themselves and you will have a sense of flying. There being the pair of shoes, in the future fewet and fewer people will drive cars. In this way our world will be greener and cleaner.,亮点分析 本文段落清晰，第一段给出设计理念和产品，下面1，2，3叙述了产品的特点，作者想象的这款鞋遵循了方便生活、环保这两个高科技产品的设计目的，使人眼前一亮。 开放作文得分的关键在于主题正确、逻辑合理。本文中的非谓语动词(to make our life easier)、定语从句(which stands high pressure and temperature)和独立主格结构(there being the pair of shoes)等为文章增色。,【典例2】 (2014湖北) 请根据以下提示，并结合具体事例，用英语写一篇短文。 Small things make a big difference. The small things we do can make us a responsible member of the society. 注意： 1. 无须写标题。 2. 除诗歌外，文体不限。 3. 内容必须结合你生活中的具体事例。 4. 文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。 5. 词数不少于120，如引用提示语则不计入总词数。 _,【思路点拨】 1.审体裁、时态：本文是一篇半开放作文，要求考生结合“自己生活中的事例”展开叙述。材料中只给出话题，内容自由发挥，时态以一般过去时为主。 2.审内容：本篇是半开放式作文，只给出了话题，考生的写作空间很大，可以自由发挥，话题内容：不积跬步无以至千里，大的作为从小事开始。考生可以根据此内容找出自己生活中的实例。,【思路模板】 1.提出主题：It isnt hard to grow up into a responsible member of society. 2.具体事例：I was on the way to A man . I am proud of what I did. 3.发出倡议：As a member of the society, I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.,参考范文 It isnt hard to grow up into a responsible member of society. I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon. I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which drove off quickly. A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation. Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital. Compared with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did. As a member of the society, I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.,亮点分析 本文脉络清晰，第一段点明话题；第二段生活中亲身经历的事件；第三段发出倡议：创造和谐社会需要有责任感。 范文中的好词好句，给本文增添了亮点。 (1)grow up into成长为 (2)I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon. can well remember sth.对某事记忆犹新,(3)I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which drove off quickly. 本句使用了and连接并列谓语，be doing sth. when .表示“正在做某事，这时”，which引导定语从句。 (4)Compared with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did. 过去分词短语作状语，what引导宾语从句。 (5)As a member of the society, I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society. 短语be aware(of)，that和what引导名词性从句。,(半)开放类作文的写作技巧： 一、试题特征 1.命题式开放性作文，即给出作文题目，要求考生根据对作文题目的分析、理解，自由发挥。命题式开放性作文不像图片式开放性作文那样受到内容或文章体裁方面的限制，命题式开放性作文根据内容要求可以是记叙文、议论文、说明文，也可以是应用文等。,2.图片式开放性作文，即给出一幅图片，要求考生根据图片内容及对图片的理解，写出英语作文。图片式一般有两种情况：一是事件或事故发生的图片，二是夸张式的寓意图片。对于事件或事故发生的图片，一般采用记叙文文体而对于寓意式的图片，一般采用议论文文体。根据不同内容的图片，考生可以套用不同的写作模式。 3.以湖北为代表的命题形式，不给出具体事例及提示的半开放性作文。,二、写作步骤 开放性作文没有要点提示。面对一幅抽象的图画或一个标题，考生往往感到茫然，不知所措。为此，建议考生在写作时从以下几个方面入手： 1.虚拟目标，有的放矢。 首先，虚拟读者对象，以便具体地告诉读者某话题；然后，列出要点，写出提纲，从而变抽象为具体，使开放性作文成为限制性作文。,2.理解题意，联系生活。 开放性作文的形式可分为图片式或命题式。对于图片式开放性作文，考生首先必须准确描述画面内容；其次，对图片的寓意深层解读；最后，结合生活实际进行联想，发表自己的看法，或给人们提出警示或建议。对于命题式开放性作文，首先必须准确理解题目意思，抓住标题中的关键词，其次，确定文章体裁，结合生活实际组织材料。,3.确立主题，列出提纲。 不论是图片式开放性作文，还是命题式开放性作文，都要注意以下几点：一是审题，包括题目或图片的内容、命题老师的目的或意图、写作时需要使用的文章体裁等；二是定文章的主题、结构、层次；三是列出要点和提纲，即哪些东西需要写，哪些东西不需要写，做到心中有数；四是文章中所用的人称、时态、语态；五是文章所需要的词汇、短语、句型等，这就为后面的写作做好了充分的准备。,4.根据体裁，快速写作。 不同的体裁，写作的方法和思路也不一样。考生要运用平时所了解到的文体特点，结合提纲，将文章要点组织起来，以便迅速写出文章。记叙文，通常第一段用一两句话交代事情发生的时间、地点、原因等；第二段叙述事情发生和发展的经过；第三段是事情发生的影响及人们对此的评价或看法。说明文，通常第一段用一两句话点出说明对象；第二段按照时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序进行讲解或介绍；第三段提出想法或建议。议论文，通常第一段用一两句话提出论点；第二段从正反两方面进行论证；第三段通过对上述第二段的分析，总结得出结论。应用文，首先注意应用文的格式；其次表达清楚所要讲的事情；最后要注意语言措辞及礼节等。,三、注意事项 1.认真审题，即审语境、审人称、审时态。 2.要紧扣主题，首尾呼应。 3.注意写作对象和语言风格，要有读者意识。 4.要进行细致描写，有细节的支撑。 5.要有主次之分，详略得当。 6.必须符合逻辑。 7.要做到思想健康，积极向上。 8.内容新颖。新颖的内容能够充分体现考生的创造力，这正好符合新课标所提倡的素质教育的要求。,四、常用句式 1. The picture presents to us that . 这幅画向我们展示了 2. As is seen in the picture ./We can see from the picture that . 从这幅图画中我们可以看到 3. So it is a better choice to . 因此是更好的选择。,4. On one hand, I dont think it is right to . 一方面，我认为是不正确的。 5. Therefore, when we . it is wise to . 因此，当我们时，是很明智的。 6. I think that this picture tries to tell us . 我想这幅图画是想告诉我们,7. I sincerely hope that . 我真诚地希望 8. We must learn to . 我们必须学会,高考真题再现 (2014辽宁)假定你是学生会主席李华。学校将举办一次以 “校园生活创意无限”(Innovations on Campus)为主题的创意作品展评活动。请你根据以下图示，以短文形式用英语写一份书面通知。,注意： 1.词数100左右。 2.可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯。 3.开头及结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：校园 campus;创意作品 innovation;颁奖 prize-giving,Notice An exciting event “Innovations on Campus”is around the corner. _,参考范文 Notice An exciting event “Innovations on Campus”is around the corner. Every one of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skill. Note that your innovations must be school thing. Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.,All the collections will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym. Looking forward to the prize-giving ceremony? Sure! Itll be held from 15:00 to 17: 00 on June 18. So dont miss the chance of being the winner. Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. For any questions, call Li Hua at 44876655. Come on, everybody! Its your show time. Student Union,(2013北京)请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。,You are discussing the following picture with your English friend Jim. Now you are telling him how you understand the picture and what makes you think so. _,参考范文 I think the picture is telling us that there is usually a difference betwee ones dream and reality. People need to learn to face it. Everyone has his dream. However, it is not so easy for people to realize their dreams every time. Just like the man in the picture, instead of the big fish he wishes for, he actually catches a small one. In my opinion, people need to learn to accept the reality and keep on trying. With another try, they may gain what they dream of.,(2013湖南)Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below. 请以下列词语的关键词写一篇英语短文。 match winner loser result 内容： 1.自己或他人的一次经历。 2.你的感受。,注意： 1.必须使用所给4个关键词。 2.词数不少于120个。 3.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。 _,参考范文 Last Friday afternoon, our school held a football match. In order to win the match, we had made good preparations for it organizing several meetings to discuss the ways and skills to win the match and keeping on exercising to be expert at defending our goals. When the day finally came, we were so convinced of winning that all of us were excited.,However, it didnt work out as we had expected. The other team did really better than ours in the matching field. We were not the winner; we were the loser. Knowing the result, we were extremely depressed. From this experience, I realized working hard doesnt definitely lead to success, but we were happy that we had done our best.,(2012湖北)请根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文。 You can not choose what you are given, but you can choose how you make use of it. 注意： 1.无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语。 2.除诗歌外，文体不限。 3.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。 4.词数为120左右。 _,参考范文 Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in an ordinary school. Disappointed as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly-equipped classroom, I found the teachers patient and considerate. Besides, I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class. I decided to make the best of it. I worked hard and got along well with my teachers and classmates. Whenever I had difficulties, they were always available. Soon, I became one of the top students in my class, which greatly increased my confidence and got me motivated. My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make use of it that determines who you are.,(2012安徽)假设美国某中学的学生明天来你校访问交流，主题是高中生对文、理科的选择。请你用英语写一篇发言稿，向他们介绍你所做的选择，并说明选择的理由。 注意： 1.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 2.词数120左右。 3.短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息。 参考词汇：文科 arts;理科 science,Good afternoon, everyone, Welcome to our school! _ _ Thanks!,参考范文 Good afternoon, everyone, Welcome to our school! High school students are faced with a choice between arts and science. It was not an easy choice for me to make. After careful consideration, though, I decided on science as my main subject of study. The reasons are as follows.,First, science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China. Second, the science major can help me achieve my childhood dream of becoming a scientist. Third, my parents wish me to study science at college because they believe I will have a brighter future as a science student. Last but not least, my physics teacher is my role model, whose influence on me had a lot to do with my decision. It is for these reasons that I finally made my choice. Thanks!,(2011安徽)某校英文报开辟了一个专栏：Experience。本期话题是如何解决学习中遇到的困难。请你以My Approach to Difficulties in Learning为题，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈自己的一些做法。 注意： 1.词数100左右。 2.短文中不能出现本人的相关信息。 _,参考范文 My Approach to Difficulties in Learning As high school students, we run into one difficulty after another in the process of learning. Everyone has their own way to deal with them. Here I would like to share mine.,When I am faced with a difficulty, I usually choose relevant learning materials or Web pages. In this way, I can not only work it out but also improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself. However, when it is something beyond my competence, I turn to my classmates or teachers for help. Sometimes I also ask my parents for advice. As a result, I have made steady progress in my studies.,请做：课时作业（二十四）,
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