初中英语阅读欣赏课.doc

初中英语阅读欣赏课模式探索作者姓名：王 伟作者单位：郑州市第六十二中学邮箱：542818606qq.com初中英语阅读欣赏课模式的探索 关键词：阅读 欣赏 素质教育 应试要求摘要：在课程标准的五级标准中，规定课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。扩大学生阅读量与培养学生阅读技巧相结合是培养尖子生；增进差生对英语兴趣以及促进中等生提高的关键。一、开设阅读欣赏课的背景和意义。（一）在初中开设阅读欣赏课，是贯彻英语新课程标准的要求。基础教育阶段英语课程的任务是：激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，使学生树立自信心，养成良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略，发展自主学习的能力和合作精神；使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听、说、读、写技能，形成一定的综合语言运用能力；培养学生的观察、记忆、思维、想象能力和创新精神；帮助学生了解世界和中西方文化的差异，拓展视野，培养爱国主义精神，形成健康的人生观、为他们的终生学习和发展打下良好的基础。阅读，不仅是同学们必须掌握的一种技能，更是他们观察的内容之一，是了解世界和中希望文化差异，拓展视野等的基础手段之一。在课程标准的内容标准中，更是明确规定了五级的阅读目标，其中有一项就是初教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。（二）在初中开设阅读欣赏课，符合学生的认知规律。“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟”。众所周知，学语言，语言环境是非常重要的一个因素。有了良好的语言环境，同学们可以 在或主动或被动的情况下，去感知语言，进而理性的学习语言，为听、说、写的技能提高奠定基础。从而才能够在文化意识、情感态度等方面得到提高。（三）在初中开设阅读欣赏课，顺应素质教育和中、高考改革的需要。开设阅读欣赏，不仅仅是对阅读能力的培养，也必将促进其他语言应用能力的提高。同时，在阅读中，也可以获取大量信息，陶冶情操，提高综合素质。在目前阶段，无论教育怎么改革，中、高考都是一个不可回避的话题。同样，中、高考也是检验教学效果的一个重要指标。无论中考还是高考，所有题型首先要面对的就是阅读。在近年我市英语中考试卷中，直接考查学生阅读能力题型的权重不断增加。阅读教学在英语教学中也就愈发重要。二、课题研究的主要内容和目标。研究内容：阅读欣赏课的阅读材料的组织、课堂设计以及阅读任务的设置。研究目标：摸索、建立一套科学、合理、有效的阅读欣赏课模式。 三、课题研究的组织。英语教师王伟主持，由教科室负责理论支持和指导，北京外国语大学国家“十一五重点课题组”霍庆文教授指导，英语教研组部分教师参与。明确课题研究必须从实际从发，发扬务实、创新、高效精神，统一思想，加强学习，勇于实践，广泛开展教学研究，最终促进学生语言综合运用的能力，提高英语中考成绩，从而提高英语教学的整体效果。四、课题研究的指导理论及纲要。贯彻英语新课程标准的基本理念，遵循课标的课程目标，参照课标的实施建议，以课标内容标准中语言技能要求为指南，开展教学活动。五级1.能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；2.能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；3.能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；4.能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；5.能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；6.能利用字典等工具书进行学习；7.除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。五、课题研究的实施和过程。阅读欣赏课题研究分两大块来开展实施：（一）课内。1. 精读。2. 阅读理解、完形填空、情景阅读、补全短文等阅读类题型的解题指导。3. 阅读欣赏课。（二）课外。1. 在学校橱窗开辟英语专栏。2. 在教室黑板报中设立英语角专栏。3. 鼓励学生订阅英语周报的英语类报纸杂志。4. 开展学生自编英语小报活动。在上列实施活动中，我校研究的重点放在如何开英语阅读欣赏课上。英语阅读欣赏课研究的过程：（一）初识阅读欣赏课。在接触这个课题之初，我们去兄弟学校听了一节阅读欣赏的研究课。教者挑选了五篇短文。在课上，教者显示呈现了一篇短文，然后让同学们通过阅读完成一些教者设计的问题。然后呈现第二篇短文，这样，用同样的程序完成五篇短文。只是每篇短文后所设计的题型有所不同，或是回答问题，或是判断正误，或是选择。在完成了所有短文的任务后，教者进行了总结，归纳出一些阅读技巧。听完这节课后，我们对这节课进行了讨论。本节课虽然是围绕阅读来进行的。但总的感觉更象是一节阅读理解解题技巧讲解课。通过听课和讨论，我们对阅读欣赏课有了初步的认识：1. 阅读欣赏课应该与阅读理解讲解课有所区别。既然是阅读欣赏课，就要能在阅读中欣赏，在欣赏中阅读。所以这个课型的名称就决定了它在形式、内容、方法上要与阅读理解技巧讲解不同。它不应该是技巧的讲解，而是通过阅读和任务设计，在阅读与欣赏中掌握技巧，运用技巧在欣赏中阅读。2. 阅读欣赏课整节课应该是一个有机的整体。一节阅读欣赏课，应该有一定的容量。那自然应该是好几篇短文。但是教者需要通过认真的思考和分析，合理设计，使整节课成为一个有机的整体。如果就是那么读一篇，讲一篇，再读一篇，再讲一篇，那么就会给学生一种为阅读而阅读的感觉，整节课也就显得比较零散。 （二）初试阅读欣赏课。有了基本的看法和认识，我们开始了阅读欣赏课的初步尝试。这次，我们需要面对的材料依然是五篇短文。字数为1000词左右，面对的是八年级的同学。五篇短文内容如下ASam likes eating fish very much. He often buys fish in the shop and takes them home. One day his wife (妻子) sees the fish and thinks, “Good! Now, I can ask my friends to have lunch and we can eat the fish. They like fish very much. ”When Sam comes home from work in the evening, the fish is not there and his wife says, “Oh, your cat eats it.” And then she gives him some bread for his supper. Sam is angry（生气）. He takes the cat and his wife to a shop near his house and weighs（称）the cat. Then he turns to his wife and says, “My fish weighs one kilo. The cat weighs one kilo, too. My cat is here, you see, then, where is my fish? ”BMark Twain was asked one day if he could remember the first money he ever earned .He thought a long time before answering, and then said , “Yes, it was at school , I can remember everything about it. Schoolboys in those days didnt respect their teachers and didnt take good care of their desks and chairs. They often used knives to cut words or something on them. But if they did so , they would be beaten in front of the whole school, or would have to pay five dollars to the school.”“One day I did such a thing and I had to ask my father what to choose-to be beaten or to pay five dollars. My father said it would be too bad to lose face in front of the whole school, so he decided to give me five dollars to hand over to the teacher. But before giving me the money ,he took me to his room and gave me a good beating. But as I had one beating and got used to it. I decided I would take another beating at school and keep the five dollars. So that was the first money I ever earned.”CThe koala is an Australian animal. It has gray and brown fur(毛皮). And the fur on its belly(腹部) is white. Koalas eat, sleep in eucalyptus trees(桉树). They almost never get down the trees. They are active(活跃的) at night and sleep during the day. People often think that koalas are friendly animals because they look very cute. But they may scratch(乱抓) people if they are not happy. They have sharp claws(利爪). So please be friendly to them. In the past(过去), koalas were often hunted(猎获) because of their beautiful, soft and thick(软而厚实) fur. Now they are a protected species(保护动物) and its illegal(非法的) to hunt them. We need koalas and other animals, they are our dear friends!DDogs are friends of man. They work for us. They hunt with us. They also play with us. But a long time ago, all over the world, dogs were wild. Dogs can go back to the Stone Age. All dogs had the same ancestor (祖先). It is believed that this ancestor was much like a wolf. Other animals, like fox, also came from this ancestor. Thousands of years ago, man began to tame (使驯服) the wild dogs. When the dogs were tamed, they were trained (训练) well. The strong dogs then became working animals. They were trained to pull heavy loads (担子). They learned to keep watching over sheep and other animals. Working dogs could do other things, too. Some dogs were not strong. But they could help man hunt. Other dogs were best at pets. At first, there were only a few kinds of dogs. Today, there are more than 100 kinds.EBill Gates was born on October 28, 1955. He grew up in Seattle, Washington. Bill Gates was named William Henry after his father and grandfather. He was a very clever boy. His favorite subjects at school were science and math. When people asked him what he wanted to be in the future, he always said, “A scientist.”When he was 13 years old, Bill started to play with computers. At that time, computers were very large machines. Once he was interested in a very old computer. He and some of his friends spent lots of time doing unusual things with it. In the end, they worked out a software program with the old machine. Bill sold it for 4,200 dollars when he was only 17. In 1973, Bill went to Harvard University. At Harvard, he developed the BASIC language for the first microcomputer. In his third year, he left Harvard to work for a company called Microsoft. Bill began this company in 1975 with his friend Paul Allen. They thought that the computer would be a very important tool（工具）in every office and in every home, so they began developing software for personal computers. They improved the software to make it easier for people to use computers.In 1999, Bill wrote a book called Business the Speed of Thought. In the book he told people how computer technology could solve business problems in new ways. It was one on the best-sellers of the New York Times list.按照我们对阅读欣赏课的理解，首先要做的第一件事情，就是要把五篇独立的小短文有机的联系在一起，各篇章之间过渡要自然。通过对短文的认真分析，我们觉得第一篇短文对于八年级的同学来说，阅读没有什么难度，所以我们对文章进行了挖空，使之成为一篇听力练习。其余四篇文章分成了两组，C和D两篇都是关于动物的，B和E两篇是关于人物的。第一篇短文中，出现了猫。在处理完第一篇短文后，自然的从猫，可以问同学们是否喜欢猫，然后引出狗，自然就过渡到了关于狗和考拉的这两篇文章。处理完这两篇文章后，自然谈到宠物，然后用一个很吸引同学们的问题：“你知道世界上谁养鲸做宠物吗？”又非常自然地引出比尔盖茨和马克吐温这两篇文章上。这样，整个课堂就成为了一个有机的成体。在阅读任务的设计上，为了区别与考试中的阅读理解。避免同学们对阅读理解的厌烦，甚至逆反，我们避免了采用选择填空、判断正误等题型，力争给同学们以新鲜感，能更轻松地带着欣赏的心情去阅读。由于是阅读欣赏课，第一篇短文在完成听力填空的任务后，我们还是设置了回答问题的任务。由于后面有两篇是关于动物的，两篇是关于人物的。我们就设计了比较阅读的任务。两种动物比较，设计比较表格很容易。对于两个人物，碰巧的是，文章中都提到了他们所赚的第一笔钱，我们也就抓住这一点，设计了比较的内容。然后针对比尔盖茨的这篇文章中比较多的出现了年代，我们设计了一项任务，让同学们画出一条时间线，标出比尔盖茨在不同时间所做的事情。为了了解同学们对文章的理解程度，在每组文章后，我们也都设计了一些回答问题。在本节课的最后，设计了几个问题，让同学们能通过回答问题，写出一篇小短文，突出环保主题。整节课设计好后，我们在校内选择了一个班进行了尝试。一节课上下来，同学们基本反应还比较好。表现出了相当的兴趣。我们针对课堂设计进行了一定的调整。第一个问题是，一节课中出现了四次回答问题，显得单调重复，有点影响同学们的学习兴趣。我们就把中间的两次回答问题删除了。把本节课所涉及的几篇文章归纳出了一篇小短文，中间空掉了几个词，让同学们把它补全。第二个问题是，关于两个人物的比较。八年级的同学自己总结填写表格，在语言组织上有一定的困难。我们就稍微做了一点调整，把语句给出来，让同学们把它们填到正确的位置。经过调整之后，我们在泰东实验学校进行了借班上课。取得了非常理想的效果。（三）探索阅读欣赏课。在初次尝试中取得的成功，让我们尝到了阅读欣赏课的甜头，也坚定了我们继续阅读欣赏课的决心。通过尝试，我们感觉到阅读欣赏课的课堂整体性是十分必要而有效的。也是我们在以后的阅读欣赏课中必须坚持的。当然，我们也有一些困惑。就是阅读欣赏课中的任务究竟采取什么形式，该如何来设置。就这个问题，我们展开了研讨、学习，并且在平时的日常教学中进行探索，逐步认识到一点。正如我们谈到教学时都明白“教学有法，教无定法”一样，好的任务设置，要把握文章的特点，能够帮助同学们掌握学习策略，理解文章的重点难点。在思路基本清晰之后。我们又在七年级进行了研究探索。这次我们要面对的是典范英语，他每本书是一个完整的故事，便于操作设置语境和设计学生课本剧表演。短文内容如下：有了前面的学习和探索，我们的观念已经有所改变。面对四篇内容不同的短文，我们觉得依然要坚持贯彻在设计上要强调课堂的整体性。对于文章的内容，我们贯彻“用教材教，而不是教教材”的理念。因此我们对文章的内容进行了适当的改变。改变后内容如下：AMy name is Yaoming. I am a boy. Im from C_. I live in the U_ with my parents now. I play b_ in NBA this year. And now I have some A_ friends. They are f_ to me. My favorite teammate(队友) is McGrady.Hes helpful(乐于助人的)。I can speak a little E_ now and I help my friends with C_ & learn English from them. Now we learn more.My friends and I can t_ in English and I can talk in English and I can talk in English and Chinese. We are all happy.BHere are two pictures. A man and a boy are in one picture. Who are they? Let me tell you. The man is Mr. White, and the boys name is Bill. Hes the mans son. Now they are in Bills bedroom. We can see some Chinese books in the desk. And on the bed is a shirt. Its Bills. His trousers are on it, under his shirt, too. Now lets look at the other picture. You can see a woman and a girl in it. The woman is Bills mother and shes in her daughter, Anns room. You can see a photo of the Whites on the white wall. Between the windows is a desk. A clock is on the desk. Its eleven. Whats that on the floor? Oh, its Anns hat, but it looks like a brown hatCOne Sunday afternoon My wife, Ye Li, and I are in a big shop. I love Ye Li and want to buy a new dress for her. Ye Li doesnt like the new dress. She likes something to eat. So I buy two kilos(公斤) of apples for her. Ye Li wants to buy some picture-books and colored pencils, too. There are many things and many people in the shop. They are men and women, old and young. They all want to do shopping there. The people in the shop are very friendly. DSam likes eating fish very much. He often buys fish in the shop and takes them home. One day his wife (妻子) sees the fish and thinks, “Good! Now, I can ask my friends to have lunch and we can eat the fish. They like fish very much. ”When Sam comes home from work in the evening, the fish is not there and his wife says, “Oh, your cat eats it.” And then she gives him some bread for his supper. Sam is angry（生气）. He takes the cat and his wife to a shop near his house and weighs（称）the cat. Then he turns to his wife and says, “My fish weighs one kilo. The cat weighs one kilo, too. My cat is here, you see, then, where is my fish? ” 对文章的内容和顺序进行了调整之后，我们在设计本节课的时候，充分借助了多媒体课件。首先我们借用了姚明球迷俱乐部的官方网站。借用了期中的一些页面，对页面进行了修改。把整节课变成了要加入姚明球迷俱乐部所必须完成的一些任务。这样不但使得整节课成为了一个有机的整体，也增强了课堂的趣味性，更有利于同学们在欣赏中阅读。 我们又充分研究每篇文章的重点。根据文章的不同特点设计了针对性的任务。第一篇短文，我们在阅读中检查同学们的一些基本尝试的了解，以及对语言的感知和运用能力。第二篇针对文中出现比较多的人物和介词词组，任务重点考察对人物关系和介词词组的理解和掌握情况。并学会抓主要信息及词语的学习策略，比较中西方习惯差异。第三篇短文设计的任务侧重培养同学们对文中出现的信息进行筛除处理的能力。并针对文章比较短的实际，又对文章进行了一些拓展，利用听力训练的形式进一歩学习对信息进行分析处理的能力。第四篇文章，在以前的阅读欣赏课上，我们已经用过。但当时是八年的同学用的。而这次的对象是七年级的同学。针对七年级同学英语水平和理解能力的实际，我们在阅读本文前设计了一个小游戏，准备了三个相同的盒子，让同学们用不同的办法来判定玩具在哪个盒子里，这样从很大程度上帮助同学们理解了weigh the cat的目的，从而达到对文章的理解。 市教委教研室陶主任在听过这节课后，对这节课给予了充分的肯定。同时，也对今后的阅读欣赏课提出了建设性的意见，使我们对阅读欣赏有了清楚而正确的认识。在我们以往的尝试和探索中，虽然整节课设计较合理，但依然存在着一个很大的问题，没有跳出一个以往英语教学的一个误区：在一节课当中想做、想完成的事情太多。通过她们的讲评和点播，使得我们明白了一个非常重要的道理：全面培养同学们听、说、读、写的能力没错。但在一节课中，必须要突出重点。要舍得并敢于放弃一些东西。（四）享受阅读欣赏课。经过学习、探索和实践。让我们真正认识了解了阅读欣赏课。对于同学们来讲，阅读欣赏课不仅是学习英语的机会，也是在欣赏中提高阅读技巧、掌握学习策略、丰富文化知识等等的良好机会。对于教师来说，设计阅读欣赏课富于挑战性，锻炼创新思维能力。是一种创造性的劳动。在完成后，很有成就刚。所以对于教师和同学们来讲，都是一种享受。在享受中，我们也逐步探索出一种更为合理科学的阅读欣赏课的设计实施模式。那就是：明确主题-明确要培养同学们掌握的技能和策略-挑选（改写或撰写）合适的文章-整体设计课堂节-设计课堂任务-实施教学根据这个模式，我们尝试设计了一堂阅读欣赏课。2008年，29届奥运会将在中国北京举行。借助这个主题，我们利用奥运火炬的传递路线来贯彻整节课。并借助Google earth这个软件使这个过程更自然生懂。在本节课中，我们将培养同学们把握主线、分析处理信息、使用工具书等策略和能力。结合同学们的兴趣和爱好，挑选了奥运只是、巴黎旅游小贴士、迪斯尼乐园广告、刘翔介绍等文章。这节课将作为向省内专家的汇报课。六、课题研究的成果。各级研究课、公开课；教学设计；教后记；多媒体课件等。七、取得成绩王伟老师所上的阅读欣赏课在郑州市优质课竞赛中获得一等奖。荣获河南省公开课比赛二等奖。辅导的学生两次荣获郑州市演讲比赛一等奖。八、质量与效果分析。研究结果分析：经过课题组全体成员的共同努力，在新课标的指导下，初中阅读欣赏课的基本模式已经形成，并在实践中取得了比较好的效果。扩充了同学们的阅读量，增强了同学们阅读的兴趣。阅读欣赏课的框架模式在学校中取得了比较好的反响，并体现了一定的示范、辐射作用。研究的自我评价：在我校的课题研究过程中，区文教区教研室和校领导给予了大力的关心、支持和帮助。课题组成员能不计较个人得失，一切为了英语教育事业，充分发挥了团队的作用。在课题研究中还充分发扬和体现了创新精神，在课堂设计和任务设置上敢于创新，敢于尝试，最终形成了自己的特色。但由于课时的限制，也由于自身认识的局限性，在研究过程中还难免有患得患失的思想。对阅读欣赏课尝试的量上还有欠缺。同时，由于不能及时得到专家的指点，在研究过程中还时而有信心不足，底气不足的情况。收获和体会： 通过课题研究，我们自身得到了锻炼和成长。更深刻的学习理解了新课程标准。专家的指点和点滴的肯定也坚定了我们深化课题研究、提高教育教学质量的信心和决心。同时我们也体会到了做一名教育工作者，而不是一名教书匠的意义和乐趣。感受到了集体的力量和作用。九、进一步要研究的问题。（一）在专家的指导下形成七、八、九年级系列化阅读主题。（二）通过探索形成系统、科学、有效的阅读任务设置模式。（三）收集整理，形成阅读欣赏课的校本教材。