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Unit 2 Saving the EarthTopic 1 Pollution causes too many problems. Section A . 学习目标：1学习直接引语和间接引语 2谈论不要种类的污染，提高环保意识.学习重点难点：直接引语和间接引语之间的转换自学指导： 在文中找到并划出下面的短语1.计划一次野餐_2.一个充满鲜花和草地的漂亮的地方 _3.一些化工厂_4.两天后_5.我的天哪！_6.难闻_7.把倒入 _8.complete the table_9.过去_10.现在_11.对动物造成很大的伤害_12.大气污染_13.土壤污染_14.水污染_15.光污染_16.噪声污染_ 17.垃圾污染_18.大量使用化学药品_19.使人们感到不舒服_20.呼吸困难_21.做一些有用的事_22.对眼睛有害_23.影响我们的环境_24.到处乱扔._在文中划出下面的句子并分析1.You will see bees and butterflies dancing? 译：_点拨:see sb. doing sth.-看见某人正在做某事。强调事件，(延续性)行动正在进行。对比:see sb. do sth.-看见某人做某事。表示看见整个事件，(短暂性)行动的全过程，动作已经结束。总结：这样的动词还有-hear, watch, find, feel-叫做感官动词练习:a.刚才我看见她穿过了马路。_b.刚才我看见她在跳舞。_2.The flowers and grass have gone！译： _点拨：have/has gone-已经不复存在，不见了，消失了 巩固：a. Has your headache gone yet? 译：_ b. I left my bike outside the library, but when I came out, it had gone. 译：_3. It smells terrible. 译：_点拨：smell terrible - 系表结构 - 难闻初中常见的系动词总结：（1）状态系动词只有be一词，表示主语状态、性质、特征a. He is a teacher._ b. They are at home._（2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, stay, remain等a. He always keeps quiet._ b. We must stay healthy._（3）表像系动词，用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look等。a. He looks tired. _ b. It seems serious. _（4）感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste等a. The flowers smell very sweet._ b. The fish tastes delicious._（5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，有become，get，turn，go，grow -变得a. The weather gets warmer and warmer._b. He became mad after that. _c. The leaves turn green in spring. _d. She grew rich after a short time._总结：系动词本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（多为形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。练习:1)我昨天感到伤心。译：_2)他变得越来越壮。译：_3)音乐听起来很棒。译：_ 4)丝绸摸起来很柔软。译：_4.Look,there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream.译：_点拨: pourinto把往里倾倒（排放）练习：a.Did you pour the bad soup into the plastic bag? 译：_ b.不要把脏水倒进池塘。译：_点拨(2)：waste - 废弃的，无用的(形容词) - waste land_ waste water_waste - 废物，废料(名词) 常用短语： (a) waste of-一种的浪费waste - 浪费(动词) 用法： waste doing sth.- 浪费做某事点拨(3)：there be + sb./sth. + doing sth. 有某人某物正在做某事 练习：a.There are two people waiting for the bus at the bus stop.译：_ b.看！有个小男孩正在树下玩耍。译：_c.听！有个人在隔壁唱歌。译：_拓展：there be + sb./sth. + to do sth. 有某人某物去做某事练习：a.There is no time to think. 译：_b.There were few machines to help us to do farm work in the past.译：_5.People use chemicals too much in their fields. 译：_点拨：usetoo much-大量使用 对比：too much / too many / much too练习：a. In some cities there is _ _ air pollution caused by many cars.译：_ b. He is a rich man with _ _ money, but he feels lonely.译：_c. Pollution causes _ _ problems. 译：_ d. They were _ _ excited and couldnt help jumping and dancing. 译：_6. Litter influences our environment. 译：_点拨：influence - 影响，对起作用(动词)练习：a. His books have influenced the lives of millions. 译：_ b. Dont let me influence you either way. 译：_拓展：influence-影响，作用(名词) 常用短语：have an (strong/great) influence on 对产生(很大)影响 练习：a.The influence of the weather on the farming is very important.译：_ b.老师的行为对他们的学生产生很大影响。Teachers behavior _ _ _ _ _ their students.归纳总结：自我检测:单项选择。（ ）1. Reading in bed is harmful _your study. A. at B. to C. in D. on ( )2 .Kangkang said he _bees dancing here in the future. A. will see B. see C.sees D. would see( )3.We _with our noses. A. smell B. look C. sound D. taste( )4. _pollution can cause trouble. A. Much too B. Too much C. Few D. Too many ( )5. Oh , _! Youve made so many mistakes . A. bad luck B. my goodness C. I hope not D. of course( )6.Time is knowledge , and time is money, dont _it , please. A. influence B. influences C. wasted D. waste( ) 7. Were too tired . Lets go out and _the fresh air. A. breathe B. breath C. to breathe D. to breath()8. Dont throw rubbish into the rivers. You may _them. A. pollute B. pollution C. polluted D. polluting( )9. There is a man _you at the school gate now. A. is waiting B. waiting C. waiting for D. waits( )10. The government has done _to stop the pollution , so the air becomes fresh again. A.useful something B. nothing C.something useful D.anything useful Section B . 学习目标：1继续学习并掌握直接引语和间接引语的用法。2学习表达责备和抱怨。.学习重点难点：掌握直接引语和间接引语的用法 自学指导：写出下列短语的中文或英文.1.看起来很虚弱_2.自打上个星期到现在_3.排放有害气体_4.make my chest hurt_5.另外_6.产生很多噪音_7.睡得好_8.心情糟糕_9.不能忍受这样的环境_10.河里的死鱼_11.尽快解决这一问题_12.引起许多麻烦_13.给报社写信_14.感觉好些_15.感觉更难受_16.这周边的环境._17.direct speech_18.indirect speech_19.给同学们做报告_20.几年前_21.discuss the following questions in groups _22.在采访的结尾_23.排放废水或气体_在文中划出下面的句子并分析1.Whats wrong with you? 思考：同义句1）_2）_3）_2.How long have you been like this? 译：_点拨：how long-多长时间，谓语动词必须为延续性动词。区别：when-什么时间, 谓语动词多为短暂性动词。练习：1) -_have you learned English? -Since two years ago. 2) -_did you start to learn English? -Two years ago.链接：用how much / how many / how soon / how often / how far / how heavy / how tall / how wide填空1)_ _ is Xinxiang from Zhengzhou? About 70km.2)_ _do you play computer games? Twice a week. 3) _ _does the huge stone weigh? About 10 tons.4) _ _ is the Great Wall? It is wide enough to permit(允许) five or six horses to stand side by side.5) _ _is Yao Ming? He is 2.26 meters.6) _ _will you come back from your hometown. In two weeks. 7) _ _ brothers and sisters do you have? A brother and a sister.8) _ _ money do you want? The more, the better.3.The bad air makes my chest hurt. 译：_点拨：hurt - 感到疼痛(不及物动词)拓展：1)弄伤,弄疼(及物动词) 2)受伤的(形容词)练习：a. I hurt my foot in the door. 译：_b.He is badly hurt.译：_ c. The strong light makes my eyes hurt.译：_4.I cant stand the environment here. 译：_点拨：stand - 承受，容忍，经受，常与can / could连用。 拓展：1)stand sth./sb.-忍受某人/某事 2)stand doing sth. 忍受做某事3)stand sb./sth. doing sth.忍受某人/物做某事a)我无法忍受他的错误。 I _ _ _ _b)他总是做傻事，我真受不了他。He always _ _ _,I really _ _ _.c)我无法忍受等你这么久。I _ _ _ _ you _ _.d)他不能忍受人们乱丢垃圾。He_ _ people _ litter _.5.Anyway, I hope the government will solve this problem soon. 译：_点拨：anyway-无论如何，不管怎样, 一般用于句首，后用逗号隔开。练习：1）无论如何，我将帮你完成这项工作。译：_ 2）Anyway thanks. 译：_ 同义句：_归纳总结：自我检测:一单项选择。( )1. The teacher asked me _ A. that I could answer the question B. whether could I answer the question C. whether I could answer the question D. if I can answer the question( )2. If you want to catch the first bus, you had better _early.A. to get up B. got up C. getting u p D.get up( )3. He asked me ,”_”A.What are you doing when Tom leaves? B. What you are doing when Tom leaves? C. What were you doing when Tom leaves? D. That what you were doing when Tom left.( ) 4. Im not sure _to call him or not. A. if B. weather C. that D. whether( )5.He asked Lucy if she could swim. He asked Lucy. “_” A .If she could swim B. Can you swim? C. Could you swim? D. Can I swim?( )6. The office is so small that we cant working in it.A. stands B. stand C. makes D. make( )7. -How long have you known him? -Ive known him _.A .two years ago B. since last year C. two years D. in two years二将下面直接引语和间接引语相互转换。1. “I often play the piano.” Tina said. Tina said _2.“Did you write to your friends yesterday?” he asked me. He asked me _3.“Where shall we meet” Lucy asked. Lucy asked _4.“Dont disturb me ,” he said to his brother._5. Mary asked me if I was reading books. “_” Mary asked me.三完形填空I cant remember when I started collecting litter. But it was when I got tired of 16litter nearby that I realized no one else was going to pick it up.I live near a forest in Ohio, America. I can walk there 17 three minutes. I used to love going there to play with my dog. But one day there was 18 much litter there that I became very unhappy. I decided to clean up the forest, and I wanted to 19 happy when I went again. I made my first trip to clean the forest that afternoon. I took a big black rubbish bag with me. Ten minutes 20 I started to pick up litter, my bag was full! There were cans, bottles, broken glass and newspapers in it.From then on, I 21 to the forest four times a year to pick up litter. I often stay there for three hours. It makes me feel 22 to do something for the environment. After each trip, I look through all the litter that Ive collected. If 23 of it is recyclable（可回收利用的）, Ill keep it. I cant understand why people drop litter. But I will keep on picking it up 24 they stop dropping it. I know I am only doing a small bit 25 the earth, but I still think it is important.( )16.A.seeingB.throwingC.droppingD.cleaning( )17.A.afterB.forC.withD.in( )18.A.suchB.veryC.soD.too( )19.A.makeB.feelC.lookD.find( )20.A.afterB.laterC.beforeD.of( )21.A.had goneB.have goneC.goD.will go( )22.A.tiredB.sadC.interestingD.great( )23.A.manyB.fewC.anyD.much( )24.A.untilB.afterC.as soon asD.when( )25.A.helpedB.to helpC.helpD.helpingSection C .学习目标：了解噪音污染，提高环保意识。.学习重点难点：not all . 以及其它部分否定结构 It is reported that .no better than自学指导：写出下列短语的英文或汉语。1.在午夜播放高分贝的摇滚乐_2.烧木材，天然气，石油和煤_3.用风力发电_ 4.课下大声地讨论_5.课下大声地交谈_6.在今天的世界_7.一种污染_8.对人们的健康有害_9.工作和生活在噪声的状况下_10.容易失聪_11.印刷报纸_12.相当多的人_13.丧失听力_14.和65岁的人一样差_15.听高分贝的流行音乐_16.在公共场合制造大的噪声_17.打扰他人_18.对人的听力有很大的伤害_19.感到不舒服和不愉悦_20.become sick or deaf_21.尽力解决_22.所有的环境问题_23.包括噪音污染_24.一个合适的标题_25.住在机场附近_26.到处扔垃圾_27.紧挨着一条繁华的街道居住_28.在锯木厂工作_29.污染的坏作用_30. the same meaning_在文中划出下面的句子并分析1.However, not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humans health.译：_点拨：not all - 不是所有的都(部分否定)练习： Not all people are interested in English. 译：_总结：not与all, every以及every的派生词连用时表示部分否定。练习：a) Not everybody likes watching TV. 译：_ b) Not everything you did was right. 译：_拓展：neither, none, nothing, nobody, no one等，则表示全部否定。练习：a) Neither of the students likes music. 译：_ b) I think nothing is difficult for me. 译：_ c) 在我们周围没有哪个人喜欢“小皇帝”。译：_点拨：be harmful to sb. / sth. - 对某人/物有害 练习：a. Reading in the poor light is harmful to eyes. 译：_ b. 熬夜对健康有害。译：_2.Recently, it is reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do, because these young people always listen to loud pop music. 译：_点拨：It is reported that-据报道 (后接 从句) 链接：据说_点拨：no better than和（几乎）一样坏/差 = almost as bad/badly as练习：a)His English is no better than yours. 译：_ b)Lucy did no better than Lily (did) in the exam.= Lucy did _ _ _Lily (did) in the exam.3. It not only disturbs others but also does great harm to peoples hearing.译：_点拨：do harm to sb. / sth. = be harmful to sb./sth. - 对某人/某物有害 拓展：harm还可以作动词：harm sb./sth.- 伤害某人/某物练习：1)His words did harm to his mother.译：_2) Littering around harms the environment.译：_ 巩固：a.化学制品对环境有害。译：_ b.吃油炸食品对健康有害。译：_ 归纳总结：自我检测：一 根据首字母或汉语提示完成句子。1. Im sorry to d_you, but can I talk to you for a moment ?2. He works in a factory . His work is to p_newspapers.3. Loud noises can cause h_loss.4. The great noise pollution can make people d_5. He had _ （一种）feeling that she would phone him.6. She doesnt like to be seen _（在公共场合中）二单项选择。( )1.How long has he been abroad?-He has been abroad -last year.A. for B. after C. in D. since ( )2. -The rubbish is almost everywhere . Do you still want to have a picnic here? -_, I hate to stay here. A .Yes , of course B. Of course not C. Id love to D. Yes, I do ( )3. Planes and machines produce_noise.A. much too B. too much C. a lot D. too many ( )4. I cant stand the students _much noise in class. A. make B. to make C. made D. making ( )5.Sam told me that he_to the party the next day. A. went B. will go C. goes D. would go ( )6.Miss wang told us the moon _around the earth. A.moves B. moved C. is moving D.had moved ( )7. It is reported that the bad weather will _for three days. A. begin B. stay C. leave D. stop( )8. After _deeply , he dived into the water. A.breathe B. breathes C. breathing D. breath三填入适当的句子，补全对话。A: Hello, May!A: I have been to Hawaii (夏威夷).B: How was your journey?A: Great! Hawaii is a beautiful place.B: 12. _A: I went there by air.B: 13. _A: Yes, I had lived there for 4 years before I came here.B: 14. _A: I traveled with my friends.B: 15. _A: I have been away for about eleven days.B: What a wonderful journey!A: Yes, it was!四根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Look, there is a bird _ (sing) in the tree.2.The bad air makes my chest hurt and its difficult for me _(breath).3.They are doing their homework carefully. Youd better not _(disturb) them.4.Litter _ (influence) the look of our city.5.It is known that smoking does great _(harm) to us.五根据句意及汉语提示完成句子。6.The chemical factories _ (生产) terrible gas.7.Each year people pour _ (废物) into rivers, lakes and so on.8.There are _ (几个) students reading books over there.9.Do you know he has _ (参军) for five years?10.Loud noises can cause high _ (血) pressure as well.六。根据短文内容，用所给单词的适当形式填空。loud, live, pollution, easy, pollute, wasteLife today is much better. However, there are new problems. One of the biggest ones is pollution. Water 11 has made rivers dirty. It kills fish and 12 our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us speak 13 and become angry more 14 . Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. Its bad for all 15 things in the world. Section D.学习目标：1复习直接引语与间接引语的用法2总结污染的种类及其危害.学习重点难点：归纳总结本话题的语法：直接引语和间接引语自学指导：在文中找到并划出下面的短语1. 许多种污染_ 2.在我们周围_3. 对我们的健康有害_ 4.在许多方面_5. create the air pollution_ 6.随着污染的增长_7.工业的发展_ 8.到处是垃圾。_9.破坏土壤_ 10.导致高血压_11.strong, changeable light _ 12.做绿色环保人士_归纳总结：一. 直接引语和间接引语 1.将下面的空格补充完整在引用别人原话时，被引用的部分称为 。如： “What are you reading,Jane?” Maria asked当用自己的话转述别人的话时，被转述部分称为 。如：Maria asked Jane what she was reading.直接引语和间接引语可互相转换，但要注意以下几个变化：2.直接引语变为间接引语时，引导词要根据句子类型的不同有所变化。1）如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，引导词用 如：She said, “Im very glad to have such a chance.”She said (that) she was very glad to have such a chance.2）如果是一般疑问句时，则用 如：Maria asked Jane, “Can they get good food and medicine?”Maria asked Jane whether/ if they could get good food and medicine.3）如果是特殊疑问句时，则用相应的疑问词 等。如：Maria asked Jane, “ What are you reading?”Maria asked Jane what she was reading.4）如果是祈使句时，则多用动词 。如：Mother said to me, “ Try again.” Mother asked me to try again.“ Dont be afraid”, Tom said to Dick.Tom told Dick not to be afraid.3语序的变化：若是从句，一律为 4时态的变化。1）主句为现在或将来时态时，间接引语的时态 ；如：He says, “Im tired.” He says he is tired.He will say, “ The boy was lazy.” He will say the boy was lazy.2）主句为过去时态时，间接引语则一般都有改成相应的 ,但表示自然科学和真理之类则用 。如：He said, “Im sorry.” He said he was sorry.The teacher told us, “The earth moves around the sun.” The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.5人称的变化。如：The teacher said, “John, you must bring your book to the class.” The teacher told John that must bring his book to the class.6时间状语的变化。如：now ;today ; tonight ago
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