unit5-现代大学英语第二版精读.ppt

SilentSpring RachelCarson SilentSpring Unit5 Questions Activities Check onPreview Objectives Warmingup SilentSpring Unit5 Warmingup Workinpairstonamefiveenvironmentalproblemsthatarethreateningourworld Questions Activities pollutedriversandlakes frequentacidrains sandstorms soilerosion desertification deforestation salinization OurEarthismeltinglikeanice creamconebecauseofgreenhouseeffect MaybewehavetomovetoanotherplanetonedayanddumptheEarthjustlikewedumpcountlessplasticbags Automobileexhaustispollutingtheair Wearecuttingtreesandwastingpaperseveryday Forestsaredisappearing Wildanimalsaredyingout Take asexample theYangtzeRiver NOW Couldpeopleimaginesuchalivingenvironmentdecadesago Check onPreview Warmingup Check onPreview Warmingup 江苏泰兴化工园区的化工废料堆放长江堤上 2009年5月15日 Check onPreview Warmingup 广东省贵屿镇河流 水塘都已被污染 村民们只好在被严重污染的水塘里洗涤 2005年11月25日 Check onPreview Warmingup 河南安阳钢铁厂出来的污水流入安阳河 2008年3月25日 Check onPreview Warmingup 镇江市钛粉厂每天大量的化工污水排放长江 下游不到1000米处是丹阳市自来水取水处 2009年6月10日 Check onPreview Warmingup 安徽省马鞍山化工园区长江边上被化工厂污染的土地 2009年6月26日 Check onPreview MostPollutedCitiesintheWorldAccordingtoTimeMagazine themostpollutedcityintheworldisLinfen China ThetoptenmostpollutedcitiesintheworldaccordingtoTimeMagazineare Linfen ChinaTianjin ChinaSukinda IndiaVapi IndiaLaOroya PeruDzerzhinsk RussiaNorilsk RussiaChernobyl UkraineSumgayit AzerbaijanKabwe Zambia Warmingup Check onPreview Wearefacedwithallkindsofenvironmentalproblemsnowadays ButwhatistheonethatRachelCarsondealtwithinherbookSilentSpring Howdochemicalsaffecttheenvironmentandpeople DoesCarsonmeanthatinsecticidesshouldneverbeusedinagriculture Warmingup 1 Contentherviewofman srelationtonature drawinginferences Objectives Warmingup 2 Language Appreciatedescriptivewriting useofsensorywordstopaintpictures Appreciatedevicestomakewritingpreciseandpowerful Learnhowtouse so and such Objectives Warmingup Background Author SilentSpring Unit5 RachelCarson 1907 1964 biologist writer ecologist intenselovefornaturesinceherchildhood Humanshavenowacquiredafatefulpowertoalterandtodestroynature ButManisapartofnature andhiswaragainstnatureisinevitablyawaragainsthimself RachelCarson Author Background HerLife Shewasoncebitterlyattacked ananti humanitariancrank apriestessofnature andahystericalwoman Butshecourageouslywentonfightinguntilherideacaughtonandmoreandmorepeoplejoinedin themotherofmodernenvironmentalmovement Author Background HerLife 1 Whenwasitpublished 2 Whowastheauthor 3 Whatisitabout Whatisitscentralargument 4 Howwasitreceived 5 Howsignificantisitnow 6 Doesitstillmakesensenow Author Background BasicInformation ThebookwaspublishedinSeptember27 1962 Thebookiswidelycreditedwithhelpinglaunchtheenvironmentalmovement RachelCarson BasicInformation Before1960s onecanhardlyfindthephrase environmentalprotection inanynewspapersormagazinesorbooks Therewasnosuchaconcept Peoplearoundtheworldatthattimewereyellingtheseslogans declarewaronnature conquernature However Nowenvironmentalprotectionisahittopic Withtheblossomingagricultureandthedevelopmentofscientifictechnology peoplewidelyusedinsecticide orpesticide 杀虫剂 andherbicide 除草剂 tokillbugsandcleanweedswithoutrealizingtheharmtheywerebringingtothelandandorganismsatthesametime BasicInformation Beforethebookcameout MainContent SilentSpringisanepoch makingbookwhichdocumenteddetrimental 有害的 effectsofpesticidesontheenvironment particularlyonbirds RachelCarsonaccusedthechemicalindustryofspreadingdisinformation andpublicofficialsofacceptingindustryclaimsuncritically MainContent Thebookarguedthatuncontrolledandunexaminedpesticideusewasharmingandevenkillingnotonlyanimalsandbirds butalsohumans Itstitlewasmeanttoevokeaspringseasoninwhichnobirdsongscouldbeheard becausetheyhadallvanishedasaresultofpesticideabuse Thesis SilentSpring IsNowNoisySummer ProfoundInfluence Bighit ProfoundInfluence Thebooktriggeredthepublicconcernonenvironmentalprotection Environmentproblemsbegantoappearongovernmentalagendainmanycountries AmericasetupEnvironmentProtectionAgencyin1970 Non governmentalorganizationsforenvironmentalprotectionweregraduallysetuptoo ThetoxicpesticideDDTwhichhadwonaNobelPrizeawardwasforbiddeninmanycountriesnow ProfoundInfluence SilentSpringthebookwarnedusthatenvironmentalprotectionisnotonlyabusinessofindustriesandgovernments butalsoabigmatterofallhumanbeings Weshouldrespectandcherishthenaturalenvironmentanditsresources Weshouldliveharmoniouslywithalllivingthingsinoursurroundings Startfromlittlethingstosupporttheenvironmentalprotectionbusiness TextAnalysis SilentSpring Unit5 Outofhisignoranceandlackofconcernfortheintegrityofnature manistamperingwithnaturebyabusingchemicals causingirrecoverableharmsonenvironmentandpeople Theme TextAnalysis Questionsforthinking WhatcanyouinferaboutCarson sviewoftherelationbetweenmanandnature Washerviewcommoninhertime Howdoyouarriveatthisinference Theme TextAnalysis IAfablefortomorrow 1 9 A1 2B3 7C8 9IITheobligationtorebuildman naturebalance 10 25 A10 11abB12 17abC18 23abcD24 25ab Structure PartI paras 1 6atownbefore afterthedisaster PartII paras 7 9causeofthedisaster chemicals PartIII paras 10 14character impactofman stamperingwithnature PartIV paras 15 18reasonswhypesticidesfailtosolvethepestproblem TextAnalysis Structure PartV paras 19 24causeofmodernpestproblemandpossiblesolutions PartVI para 25conclusion II DetailedDiscussionoftheText 1 TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmericawherealllifeseemedtoliveinharmonywithitssurroundings 1 heart thecentralormostimportantpartNotethevariousmeaningsoftheword life inthetext Inthissentenceitmeans livingthings inharmonywith inastateofpeacefulco existenceandagreementParaphrase OnceuponatimetherewasatowninthecentralpartofAmericawherealllivingthingsseemedtoco existpeacefullywiththeirenvironment 2 Thetownlayinthemidstofprosperousfarms where inspring whitecloudsofbloomdriftedabovethegreenfields 1 Thetownlayamongbooming orwellgrowing farms Inspring whitecloudsfloatedabovethegreenfieldsjustlikeflowers Prosperous booming promising ofplants growingwell 3 Inautumn oakandmapleandbirchsetupablazeofcolorthatflamedandflickeredacrossabackgroundofpines 1 setup tocause produce raise awallablazeofcolor animpressiveandnoticeableshowofcolorsPara Inautumn theoak mapleandbirchtreesturnedyellow redorbrown thusmakingabeautifulshowofcolorsagainstthedarkgreenofpinetrees PayattentiontoCarson suseofcolorindescribingthetownbeforeitsenvironmentwascontaminated whitecloudsfloatingabovegreenfieldsinspring theblazeofcolorinautumn etc 4 Thenfoxesbarkedinthehillsanddeersilentlycrossedthefields 1 Nowanimalsareintroducedafterplantlife fromthenoisyfoxestothequietdeer theycriedandmovedastheyliked 5 delightedthetraveler seye 2 gavethetravelergreatsatisfaction enjoyment whataharmoniousandfascinatingview 5 Thensomeevilspellsettledonthecommunity mysteriousdiseasesswepttheflocksofchickens thecattleandsheepsickenedanddied Then asifbysomeevilpower disasterfellonthecommunity Strangediseasesquicklystruckdownlargenumbersofchicken thecattleandsheepbecameillanddied Spell wordsthatmakemagicalthingshappenNotetheuseofunitwordsinEnglish aflockofchicken sheep tourists aherdofcattle elephantssettleon becomefixedon 6 Thefeedingstationsinthebackyardsweredeserted 4 feedingstation adish likecontainerfixedontopofapostwherepeopleregularlyleavesunflowerseedsorthelikeforpassingbirdstofeedon Feedingstationsaregenerallyputupinthebackyards Nobirdscametofeedonwhatwasthereatthefeedingstations Deserted forsaken visitedbynobody herebirds A street island 7 Onthemorningsthathadoncethrobbedwiththedawnchorusofscoresofbirdvoicestherewasnownosound 4 Themorningairusedtovibratewiththesingingofbirds buttherewasnownosound Or Thechorusofmanybirdscausedthemorningairtoshakerhythmically givingtheplacelife scoresofbird manybirds 8 Consideringthewholespanofearthlytime theoppositeeffect inwhichlifeactuallymodifiesitssurroundings hasbeenrelativelyslight 10 Whenwethinkofthelonghistoryoflifeonearth thedegree orextent thatlivingthingsaffecttheirenvironmenthasbeeninsignificantascomparedwiththeeffectoftheenvironmentonplantandanimallife 9 butithaschangedincharacter 11 butthenatureofthispowertoaltertheenvironmenthaschanged Inthepast tosurvivehumansmadeuseofwhatnatureoffered forexample bycuttingdowntrees dammingrivers nowtheycreatethingsthatdidnotexist suchaschemicalsandunnaturalradiation Lesson11 SilentSpring assault v n violentphysicalorverbalattack usuallyimplyingsudden intenseviolence Examples Muggersoftenassaulttheirvictimsondarkstreets increasesinviolentassaultsoverthepastdecade 10 Thispollutionisforthemostpartirrecoverable 11 Inmostcases thepollutedair soil andriversandtheseacannotberestoredtotheiroriginalnaturalstate Irrecoverable irreparable notreparable incurable irremediable 11 Chemicalssprayedoncroplandsorforestsorgardenslielonginsoil enteringintolivingorganisms passingfromonetoanotherinachainofpoisoninganddeath 11 lielonginsoil theystayinsoilforalongtimebecausetheydon tbreakdownchemicallythereenteringintolivingorganisms passingfromonetoanotherinachainofpoisoninganddeath thechemicalsthatinsecticidescontainarelikelytoenterbirdsandanimalsinfood andthenpassoutinwastematterfromtheirbodies getintothesoilandareabsorbedbytheplantsthatgrowonit Whenbirdsandanimalsandpeopleeattheplants thesesubstancesagainaretakenintotheirbodies Thisprocessgoesonandonendlessly poisoningplantandanimallifealike Inshort thechemicalstendtobeendlesslyrecycledinthefoodchains 12 Giventime timenotinyearsbutinmillennia lifeadjusts andabalancehasbeenreached 12 Whentheenvironmentchanges livingthingscanadapttotheirnewsurroundings butitisalongprocessandittakesmillenniaofyearsforlifetobeinharmonywiththeirmodifiedworldagain millenniaofyears thousandsofyears 13 Butinthemodernworldthereisnotime 12 Butinthemodernworld lifehasnotimetoadjustitselftothechangeofenvironment forman spowertotamperwithnaturehasbecometoogreat Manissoeagertochangenatureforshort termbenefits hedoesnotthinkofthelong terminterestofhisownspecies 14 Therapidityofchangefollowstheimpetuouspaceofmanratherthanthedeliberatepaceofnature 13 Theenvironmentnolongerchangesslowlyaccordingtothelawsofnature Rather itisrapidlychangedbyshortsighted profit seekingmankind Thereforeadjustmentcanneverkeepupwithchange andanewbalancebetweenlivingthingsandtheirenvironmentcanhardlybereached Lesson11 SilentSpring WordStudy impetuous a impulsiveandpassionate forcefulimpulsivenessorimpatience reckless rash Examples impetuous heavingwavesimpetuouspromise 奔腾汹涌的浪花冲动的许诺 15 Radiationisnowtheunnaturalcreationofman stamperingwiththeatom 13 Inthepast radiationwasonlysentoutfromradioactivesubstancesincertainrock todaymancreatessuchharmfulraysbysplittingthenucleusoftheatomofsuchsubstanceasradium Lesson11 SilentSpring tamper v a tointerfereinaharmfulmannerb totinkerorhandlewithrashlyorfoolishlyExamples Hetriedtotamperwiththedecedent swill Don ttamperwithmyfeelings 16 Thechemicalsarethesyntheticcreationsofman sinventivemind havingnocounterpartsinnature 13 Naturedoesnotproducesuchthingsaschemicals Theyareman made i e theresultofman screativepower Synthetic artificial 17 Amongthemaremanythatareusedinman swaragainstnature 15 man swaragainstnature Thisreferstothedoctrineof conqueringnature Thequestion Canmanreallyconquerthenature 18 andotherorganismsdescribedas pests andtheyaresoldunderseveralthousanddifferentbrandnames 15 describedas pests referredtoas pests thatharmordestroyfoodsuppliesforman ThequotationmarksshowthatCarsondoesnotregardthesocalledpestsasthatharmful Anyspecies whenitspopulationiskeptundercontrol formsapartofnature Wipingaspeciesoutwoulddestroythebalancebetweenlifeandtheenvironment 19 Thesechemicalsarenowappliedalmostuniversallytofarms gardens forests andhomes 16 applysthto toputorspreadsthonthesurfaceof e g Shenevergoesoutwithoutapplyingsuncreamto onherfaceandneck Applythislotionliberallytothebittenareaandthepainwillwearoff 20 tostillthesongofbirdsandtheleapingoffish tocoattheleaveswithadeadlyfilm andtolingeroninsoil 16 tokillthebirdsandfish tocovertheleaveswithathinlayerofdeath causingchemicalsandstayinsoilforalongtime 21 Thewholeprocessofsprayingseemscaughtupinanendlessspiral 17 Themoreinsecticidesaresprayed thelesseffectivetheywillbecomeindestroyingthe pests Thenmoredeadlychemicalswillbedevelopedtokillthem Thisprocesswillgoonendlessly becaughtupin tobecomeinvolvedin oftenagainstyourwishes e g Thelocalgovernmentwascaughtupinadisputebetweenlaborandmanagementofthecoalmine anendlessspiral anever ending continuousupwardmovement e g Ifthegovernmentdoesn ttakeeffectivemeasures thecountryisindangerofgettingintoaninflationaryspiral 22 Darwin sprincipleofthesurvivalofthefittest 17 InhisOntheOriginofSpecies 1859 Darwindevelopedhistheoryofevolution Accordingtothistheory plantsandanimalsthatcanbestadaptthemselvestotheirenvironmentwillcontinuetoliveanddevelop whileplantsandanimalsthatdonothavethesequalitiesgraduallydisappear Thisprocessiscallednaturalselection Survivalofthefittest isaquotefrom PrinciplesofBiology bytheEnglishphilosopherHerbertSpencer 1820 1903 Todaythephraseisoftenusedtorefertoanysituationinwhichunsuccessfulcompetitorsarequicklydestroyedordefeated 23 Immuneto 17 unabletobeharmedoraffectedbecauseofspecialqualitiesinyourself e g VaccinationsarebeinggiventostudentsforfreetomakethemimmunetoH1V1flu Bythenhehadbecomeimmunetocriticism 24 Nature holdsthespecieswithinboundsbythebuilt inchecksandbalances 20 Naturekeepslivingthingsinproportion regulatingtheirnumberthroughthecheckandbalancemechanismsofitself Inotherwords whenthepopulationofonespeciesistoobig small Naturehasawayoflevelingitoff bounds acceptedorfurthestlimit e g Hisenergyknowsnobounds Heisveryenergetic QuiteafewCongressmeninsistthatmilitaryspendingbeheld keptwithinbounds Buildin into tocausetobeanindispensablepartofsth e g Thecupboardsarebuiltintothewallsofthehouse Ihopeyou llbuildsomeentertainmentintothescheduleforthetraining built inadj includedasanindispensablepartofsth inherente g abuilt inwardrobe abuilt inadvantage disadvantageofasystem 邪恶的咒语焦黄枯萎的草木严峻的现实空气污染致命武器人工合成的材料有创造力的头脑品牌名化学战争生死斗争 moldtheirthinkingrestrainone simpulsespreadbuttersetthestageundergogreatsufferingspraypaintstillthenoisesinkawellsettlethedisputedelighttheeyeinvadethecountry 25 Oneimportantnaturalcheckisalimitontheamountofsuitablehabitatforeachspecies 20 oneimportantcheckmechanismofnatureitselfistorestrictthelivingareaofeachanimalsorplants Habitat naturalenvironment orhome ofananimaloraplant e g Thepanda snaturalhabitatisthebambooforest 27 Suchasystemsetthestageforexplosiveincreasesinspecificinsectpopulations 20 Suchawayoffarmingcreatesfavorableconditionsfortherapidincreaseofparticularinsects setthestageforsth tomakeitpossibleforsthtohappen 为 提供舞台 为 创造条件e g Theunjust21DemandssetthestagefortheMay4thMovementof1919 Borderclashesbetweenthetwocountriessetthestageforafive year longwar 26 Insectproblemsarosewiththeintensificationofagriculture thedevotionofimmenseacreagetoasinglecrop 20 Insectproblemsresultedfromtheintensificationofagriculture thatis thepracticeofplantingasinglecroponalargeareaofcropland Acreage anareaoflandmeasuredinacres e g Thefarmhasaconsiderableacreage EnormousacreagesofsoyabeansaregrownintheUnitedStates intense形容词a 1 强烈的 剧烈的 极度的2 热情的 热切的形容词a 1 加强的 密集的2 精深的 透彻的3 特别护理的4 集约栽培的 精耕细作的5 语 加强语意的1an bombardment2Thefracturecausedhimpain 3Thecandidatehasmany supporters 4 careinhospitalsisgiventotheseriouslyill 5 farming6an courseinEnglish 28 Obviouslythen aninsectthatlivesonwheatcanbuildupitspopulationtomuchhigherlevelsonafarmdevotedtowheatthanononeinwhichwheatisintermingledwithothercropstowhichtheinsectisnotadapted 20 liveonsth feedon toeataparticulartypeoffoodtolivebuildupsth toincrease strengthen developbeintermingledwithsth tobemixedtogether 29 Innewterritories outofreachoftherestraininghandofnaturalenemiesthatkeptdownitsnumbersinitsnativeland aninvadingplantoranimalisabletobecomeenormouslyabundant 23 whenaplantoranimalisintroducedintoanewarea itcanmultiplyrapidly sinceithasbrokenawayfromthethreatsofitsnaturalenemiesinitsnativeland Outofreach thelimittowhichsb sthhasthepowerorinfluencetodosth e g Suchmattersarebeyondthereachofthelaw Keepdown keep numbers low control suppress oppress people cf dampdown diminish 30 weneedthebasicknowledgeofanimalpopulationsandtheirrelationstotheirsurroundingsthatwill promoteanevenbalanceanddampdowntheexplosivepowerofoutbreaksandnewinvasions 24 theexplosivepowerofoutbreaksandnewinvasions thepowerofinsectstomultiplyquicklyandtheirpowertoinvadenewterritoriesdampdown tocontrolandreduce tosuppress e g Themanwastookeenonbettingonhorseraces andhiswifedecidedtodampdownhisenthusiasm 29 Wehavesubjectedenormousnumbersofpeopletocontactwiththesepoisons withouttheirconsentandoftenwithouttheirknowledge 25 Bysprayinginsecticidesonfoodgrains vegetablesandfruit wehavecausedlargenumbersofpeopletoabsorbharmfulchemicalswithoutaskingwhethertheywouldliketodosoandoftenwithouttheirknowingit Subjectsb sthtosth written tomakesb sthsufferorbeaffectedbysth usuallysthunpleasant e g Diogeneswasconstantlysubjectedtoridicule Beforelaunchingthenewcar theysubjectedittoseveretests Logic Technique What frominteresttoconcernHow fromgeneraltospecificfromnaturetomanWhy fromeffecttocauseHow fromcausetosolution TextAnalysis Structure descriptionexpositionargumentationexposition argumentation Questionsforthinking WhydidCarsondevoteawholeparagraphtodescribethespreadingofspeciesinnaturebeforeshementionedman sroleintheprocess Didshealwaysfirstdescribethemechanismsinnaturebeforetalkingaboutman stamperingwithnature Whydidshepresentherideasinthisway What sherhiddenargument TextAnalysis Structure Contrast atownbefore afterthedisaster BeforeColorSoundMotionOverallimpression vibrant harmonious beautiful AfterColorSoundMotionOverallimpression lifeless deserted awful TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis PartI MainIdea Whydidtheauthorpaintsuchabeautifulpictureofanon existenttown Whatwasshetryingtoappealto TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis PartII Discussion NatureDirection environment lifeSpeed Character adaptative HumanDirection life environmentSpeed Character destructiveirrecoverable Howhasmanchangedtherelationbetweenorganismsandtheirsurroundings TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis PartIII Discussion 2 Inwhatwayhasman spowerchangedincharacter para 11 3 Howdochemicalsaffectourlife para 11 passingfromonetoanotherinachainofpoisoninganddeath 4 Whatarethetwoexamplesgivenbytheauthorasman stamperingwithnature paras 11 13 5 Whyisman schangeoftheworldparticularlydevastating paras 12 14 PartIII Discussion TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis 1 Whyarepesticidesnotagoodsolution 3reasons Theykillindiscriminately reducingbiodiversity para 16 Theycontaminatetheentireenvironment para 16 residualeffectTheycouldn tsolvethepestproblem para 17 resistancetochemicalsresurgenceinducedbypesticides TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis PartIV Discussion 2 Whatdoesthe endlessspiral referto para 17 3 Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying alllifeiscaughtupinitsviolentcrossfire para 17 4 Whatistheauthor sattitudetowardsman suseofchemicals Howisitimplied Rhetoricalquestions Cananyonebelieveitis para 16 Howcouldintelligentbeings para 18 TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis PartIV Discussion Translation1 化学制品在农业上被广泛地 无区别地使用 applyto 2 我们应该储存一些食物以应急 laydown 3 这本书刚一出版 她就被卷入了争论的漩涡当中 becaughtupin 4 他的发明只有一项最终进入了市场 finditswayinto TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis PartIV Exercise 1 Whatprinciplesshouldwefollowtosolvethepestproblem para 19 2 Howdidthepestproblemcomeintobeing intensificationofagriculture para 20 invasionofimportedspecies paras 21 23 3 Doesspreadingoforganismstonewplaceshappeninnature Howdoesithappen Whatistheprimaryfactorinthisnaturalprocess geologicalelement i e separatingandrejoiningoflandswhichtookmillionsofyearstocomplete para 21 TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis PartV Discussion 4 Whatarethesensiblemeasurestosolvethepestproblem para 24 toavoidsuppressing pests togetmoreknowledgetopromoteanevenbalance TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis PartV Discussion Inwhatwayshavewedonewronginusingchemicals surroundings public users TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis PartVI Discussion Reinforcement Discussion SilentSpring Unit5 Language WritingTechniques 1 HowdidCa