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高中英语必修2（外研版）Unit 2 No drugs知识点总结一、重点词汇 词义辨析：likely/possible/probable 三者都可以表示“可能的”，possible可能性最小，probable可能性最大，但用法不同。主语用法likely人/物/itsb. be likely to do sth.It is likely + that从句possibleitIt is possible (for sb.) to do sth.It is possible +that从句probableitIt is probable +that从句 因此，“我们学英语时可能会犯错”可以表述为： We are likely to make mistakes when learning English. =It is likely/possible/probable that we make mistakes when learning English. =It is possible for us to make mistakes when learning English. 词义辨析：affect/effect/influence 这些动词均含“影响”之意，但在词性和意义上有差别。词性意义affectvt.主要指一时的影响。effectn.（可数或不可数）affect的名词形式，have an effect on意为：对有影响。influencevt.&n.（通常不可数，但有时可连用不定冠词）主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响，have an influence on意为：对有影响。 Both diet and exercise affect blood pressure. 饮食和运动都对血压有影响。 What you read has an influence on your thinking. 你读的东西对你的思想有影响。 词义辨析： in order to/so as to/in order that/so that 都有“为了”的意思，但其用法和位置有不同。用法位置in order that引导目的状语从句句首/句中so that引导目的状语从句/结果状语从句句中so as to与词/短语一起做目的状语句中in order to句首/句中 因此，“为了实现梦想，他努力学习”可以表述为： In order to realize his dream, he works very hard. =He works very hard in order to/so as to realize his dream. =He works hard in order that he can realize his dream. =He worked hard so that he got a good grade. reduce v. 缩小，减少 1. reduce to ：减少到 2. reduce by ：减少了（减少的幅度） The new bridge should reduce travelling time from 50 minutes to 15 minutes. 这座新桥应该能将形成从五十分钟减少到十五分钟。 The workforce has been reduced by half. 职工人数已减少一半。 拓展： 1. decrease to/decrease by ： 减少到/减少了 2. increase to/increase by： 增加到/增加了 be addicted to sth./doing sth. ：对.上瘾 We think he will not be addicted to computer games any longer. 我们认为他不在会沉溺于电脑游戏。 break into：破门而入 What will you do if you find your house broken into? 如果发现有人闯入你的房子，你会怎么办? take ones advice：听从某人的建议 I decided to take your advice that I should spend more time staying with my parents. 我听从了你的建议要多陪父母。 ban sb. from doing sth. ：禁止某人做某事 Charlie has been banned from driving for half a year. 查理被禁驾半年。 阅读必备词汇 drug n.毒品，药品 cancer n.癌症 criminal n.罪犯 illegal adj.违法的；不合法的 treatment n.治疗；招待；对待 horrible adj.令人不快的；及其讨厌的 recognize/recognise vt. 认出；承认 distraction n.分心；分散注意力二、重点句型 Users who inject the drug are also in more danger if they share needles with otherusers. 解析：本句的主干是“Users are also in more danger”；who引导的是一个定语从句，修饰前面的users；if引导的是一个条件状语从句。翻译：如果吸毒的人和其他人共用针头的话，他们将会陷入更大的危险。 Participants learn to recognize smoking triggers (things that start them smoking)andthey try to set a date in the future when they will stop smoking. 解析：本句的主干是“Participants learn to recognize smoking triggers and they try to set a date in the future”，主干是由and连接的并列句；括号部分是对前面的triggers的解释，其中that引导的是一个定语从句，修饰things；when引导的是一个定语从句，修饰前面的date。翻译：参与者学着识别吸烟触发因子(诱使人们开始吸烟的东西)，而且他们尽力设定一个在未来戒烟的日期。 Make a list of friends who smoke and places where you smoke. 解析：本句的主干是“Make a list of friends and places”，是一个祈使句；who和where引导的都是定语从句，分别修饰friends和places。翻译：将你吸烟的朋友以及你吸烟的地方列成一个清单。 Choose a time when you will be relaxed but also too busy to think about smoking. 解析：本句的主干是“Choose a time”，是一个祈使句；“when you will be relaxed but also too busy to thinkabout smoking”是由when引导的定语从句，修饰前面的time；该从句中“relaxed”和“too busy to think aboutsmoking”是并列的，由but also连接，其中包含常见句型“tooto”。翻译：选择一个你感觉很放松但又非常忙以至于不会想着吸烟的时间。三、重点语法 非谓语动词：不定式作目的状语 看下面两题，了解相关考点： 1. Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly. A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep 2. We got up early this time be late for the train again. A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as to D. so as not to 解析： 1. D. 考查非谓语动词。句意为“Simon 做了一个大竹箱，目的是为了放那只生病的小鸟”，所以选D。 2. D. 考查不定式短语in order to和so as to，以及not的位置。根据句意应该是否定形式，not要放在to的前面，所以B不正确。 该考点下，同学们需要牢记：1. 不定式常用作目的状语，表示动作尚未发生，意为“为了”。例如： To learn English well, you need time and patience. 要想把英语学好，你需要时间和耐心。 He raised his voiceto be heardby all the students. 为了被所有的学生听到，他提高了声音。注意：其位置可以是句首，也可以是句末。 2. 还可用in order to/ so as to表示目的，意为“以便；为了”。例如：He got up very earlyin order to/so as tocatch the first bus. In order not tomiss the first bus, he got up very early.（注意：句首时不能用so as to） 不定式作宾语 一些词后只能跟to do作宾语。例如: The driverfailed to seethe other car in time. Hedecided to buya new car. 这种搭配的常见动词有：afford，need，agree，ask，decide，choose，hope，offer，plan，hate，refuse等。 拓展： 1.“疑问词+to do”作宾语： I dont knowwhere to go this weekend. 2. it 作形式宾语： I feelitmy dutyto help them.（it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to help them） 注意：这种用法常用于句型：“find/feel/think+it+adj./n.+to do sth.” 状语从句：结果状语从句 本模块主要学习so/such.that引导的结果状语： 通过下面三道题，看相关考点： 1. The teacher taught us in such a lovely way _ we would never forget what he taught us. A. as B. that C. so that D. which 2. - Did you catch what the teacher said? - No. She spoke so fast _ Icouldnthear her very clearly. A. which B. that C. when D. Since3. There are _ few problems left _ I believe you can deal with them yourself. A. such; that B. so; that C. such; as D. so; as解析： 1. B. 考查结果状语从句，such + (a/an) + adj. +可数名词（复数）/不可数名词+ that。句意：这位老师的教学方式如此生动，以至于我们永远都忘不了他教授的内容。 2. B. 句意为“她说得太快了，我听不清楚她说什么。考查结果状语从句的引导词，so + adj./adv.+ that.。 3. B. 考查结果状语从句引导词的选用，虽然句中出现了名词problems，但是因为名词前few，只能选so.that.。知识点总结：so/such区别名词such形副so；such+(a/an)+adj.+可数名词（复数）/不可数名词+that.so+adj./adv.+thatso+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that.多多少少，都用soso+many/much/few/little等+名词+ that.little一词有多义小用such，少用soso+little（少）+名词. + that.such+a little（小）+名词+that. There issolittlewater left that I have to buy some. （little表示“少”） He issuchalittleboy that we all like him. （little表示“小”）高考不提分，赔付1万元，关注快乐学kuailexue.com了解详情。
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