2013高考英语7选5答题技巧.doc

高考7选5突破1. 7选5的命题分析本题型的内容是一篇总长度为500600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有67段文字，要求考生根据文章内容从这67段文字中选择出5个答案，分别放进文章中5个空白处。此题型所考文章不仅长度上长于阅读理解A节中的文章(每篇约400450词)，阅读量大，而且在文字难度和做题要求上也都高于A节。A节中的文章是完整的，在通读文章或查读细节时，思路不会被打断。而此题型文章中有5处空白，在阅读过程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主题、作者的写作意图，就很难顺畅地读下去、读明白，自然就很难选出正确答案。而一个空填错势必又影响到对另外一个空的选择。另外，此题有5个空白处，却提供67个选项(根据大纲)，因此有12个选项是多余的干扰选项，从而又加大了选出正确答案的难度。该题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试，因此在要求上远远高于这两种题型，考生有必要对这类题型的答题思路多练习，以提高自己在这个部分的应试能力。韩教练英语2. 7选5的考察要点这一考查题型对阅读理解提出了更高层次的要求，即不仅要有阅读速度，要对所读文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点，区分出论点和论据，并且能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次，只有了解了这一切，才能比较准确地确定应该选择哪个选项。不过，只要了解了这种新题型所考查的要点，出题位置，在阅读文章时有意识地加强对文章写作思路和结构组织安排的理解，掌握英语文章常见的几种写作结构，对迅速增强此类新题型的应对能力还是非常有帮助的。1)出题位置(a)句子(段首，段中，段尾 ，缺1句或1个以上的句子)(b)段落(一般是一段)该节分为两个部分：主干部分和选项部分。主干部分的原文约600词，其中有5段空白处，空白处的位置可能在段首、段中、段未，但不会是文章的第一句，一般情况下也不会是最后一句。选项部分为6或7段文字，每段可能是一个句子，可能是两三个短句，也有可能是完整的段落。其中5段分属于主干部分的空白处。要求考生依据自己对文章的理解从选项中选择5段文字放回到文章中相应的5段空白处。2)出题数量非等额选项(题目5道，7个选项)3) 文章结构(a)描述性结构(主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点，对人物的描述如传记，包括人身体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就贡献等内容进行描述，因此时间、地点往往是出题重点)(b)释义性结构(解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用例子比喻类比阐述)(c)比较性结构(把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行对比)(d)原因性结构(这种结构主要分析事物的成因，客观的、主观的、直接的、间接的)(e)驳斥性结构(这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其评论或驳斥，然后分析其优点缺点、危害性、最后阐明自己的观点)3. 7选5的解题步骤1)快速阅读全文要点词句，包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句子等，目的是掌握文章的主要内容。但是由于文章中空缺了五处，而且有的地方空缺的是几句话甚至是一整段，文章的整个结构和逻辑是被打断了的，因此在短时间内掌握文章要点或逻辑思路是很困难的。因此这一步可能对很多考生来说会花费很多时间。如果感觉困难而且收获不大，可直接进入第二步，即一开始就边阅读边分析做题。2)边读边做题，重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应基本清楚了。3)重新阅读相关词句，重点做刚才没做出的题或不确定的题，此时可将已选出的答案代入原文，利用排除法。同时检查核对已选出的答案，看文章从内容上是否语义连贯合理，语篇结构上是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切。如果所选的答案可以满足上述标准，则表明各个问题的答案基本正确。4. 7选5的解题策略1)从意思上判断在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。2)从词汇上锁定线索做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。3)从关联词上查找由于英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。关于这样的路标性信号词请详见下一节文章段落的语段特征之“连贯性”一部分。在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性；而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立；而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。韩教练英语http:/blog.sina.com.cn/hanlaoshi1395. 根据试题所在的不同位置确定不同的解题策略1)如果问题在段首(a)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。(b)与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。(c)段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。2)如果问题在段尾(a)空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。(b)通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 韩教练英语http:/blog.sina.com.cn/hanlaoshi139(c)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。(d)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。(e)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。(f)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。3)如果问题是一整个自然段(a)这个段落应该是承上启下，而且自成一体，即有一个段落的中心，因此可重点阅读选项中较长的选项，以此类推直至找到正确答案。(b)着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头，因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。(c)分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，就能得出正确答案。 7选5考查的是语篇的连贯性和一致性，因此就要使用到各种达到连贯目的的各种衔接手段，即：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。1)词汇同现法词汇同现是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。2)代词线索英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。3)数字线索包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如ratio, rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。4)逻辑关系线索(a)并列与递进关系： and, or, also，neithernor,eitheror,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same as,besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more(b)因果关系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, sothat, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result ,because of ,in that, for this reason, of course(c)转折让步关系：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than ,instead of, it is true that,of course,although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of(d)时间关系：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。【附】2010年北京高考英语真题及解题方法根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Muzak The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? 71Its similar to the music you listen to, but its not exactly the same. Thats because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you dont even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway. Quiet background music used to be called elevator (电梯) music because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name Muzak. About one-third of the people in America listen to Muzak everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired.72If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters dont want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why?73 Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak doeswhat it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. 74 Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries. 75. They say its boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak! A. Some people dont like Muzak. B. The music gives them extra energy. C. Music is playing in the background. D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more. E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better. F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used. G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.阅读技巧：1. 找说明对象(Muzak) 2. 找文章讲了说明对象的那些方面。答题技巧：第一年出题果然不难，7选5只有74题稍难，其余4空都可以根据相邻句子间的指代关系、因果关系、并列关系，较容易地选出正确答案。71. C王道：看前后邻句。找不到再扩大范围找。此题，前句没看头，看后句：Its similar to the music you listen to 捉住主语it及它对应的music，从7个句子中选出唯一用music开头的C句。72. B同样用指代的原则。前句when people are more tired. 根据指代原则，确定答案在B和F里面：B. The music gives them extra energy.F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used. F明显不符合文章发展，提钱，俗！选B73. F利用因果关系前句Why？其他人高兴什么？钱啊！从剩下的A, D, E, F里找原因，只能找出“钱”来。74. D这是唯一单纯看一句话找不出答案的题，也是5题中最难的题。利用并列关系。前一句描述tired office workers，后一句描述supermarket shoppers，后句出现Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries. 由此推断D为正确答案。Factory workers produce 13 percent more. 主语和百分数都是一一对应关系。75. A利用并列原则，后面有But other people enjoy hearing，故选择A. Some people dont like Muzak. 这是送分题。The wife-carrying World Championship has been celebrated in a small town in central Finland since 1992. In 1992, the people of the town decided to restart some long-forgotten traditions. 71 He was said to only accept men as members of his gang who proved their worth in challenges. At that time, it was also a common practice to steal women from neighboring villages. 72 A large number of competitors, people, and journalist s from Finland to Canada attend the Wife-carrying World Championship every year. 73 The Wife-carrying World Championship is held on a 253.3 meters long official track. The track has two dry obstacles and a water obstacle, about a meter deep. The wife to be carried may be your own, or your neighbors. The minimum weight of the wife to be carried is 49 kg. If she is less than 49kg. If she is less than 49kg, the wife will be given a heavy bag to carry. Each time a competitor drops his wife, that couple will be fined 15 seconds. 74 Alongside with the Wife-carring World Championship, there is also a team competition. The distance is the same but three men in the team carry the wife in turns. At the exchange point the carrier has to drink official “wife-carrying drink.” Then he may continue the race. 75 While the Wife-carrying World Championship is being held, there are bands playing music, a wife carrying dance and other forms of entertainment.AThere are a few basic rules.BPeople everywhere hold the event.CA special prize is awarded to the team.DDo you know how these traditions restarted?EThis event is becoming increasingly popular.FThe winner is the couple who complete the course in the shortest time.GBack in the late 1800s, there was a robber called Rosvo-Ronkainen in that area. The MississippiThe Mississippi is a great river whose relationship with man goes way back beyond its discovery in the 16th century. The River Indians used it as a highway and as a source of food, and it was they who gave it its name“misi”meaning“great”and“sipi”meaning“water”When the length of its branch, the Missouri, is added to it, the Mississippi becomes greater. 71 . From the source of the Missouri to the tip of the delta (三角洲), it is 2, 480 miles long.Great rivers are likely to suffer floods. In 1927 the Mississippi flooded 26 thousand acres, sweeping away farms, towns, everything in its path. In 1938 its floods drowned or killed 200 people and made millions homeless. Today the river has largely been controlled. 72 .Industries have spread down some of the waterways of the delta, but otherwise the delta is a remote place, the homeland of a little colony of French Canadians that the British drove out of Nova Scotia in the 18th century. They still speak French, mixed with English, Indian, Spanish and Negro idioms. They keep to themselves, fanning the rich soil of the delta. 73 . 74 . Pioneers who first reached its banks wondered not only where it went, but what lay beyond. In 1764 the French founded a city on the right bank of the river, and named it after their king, Louis XV. This city, named St. Louis, became the jumping-off place for the adventurous men and women who opened up the Great Plains, and the way to the Far West.Some 40 years earlier, at the beginning of the 18th century, the French had founded another city just above the Mississippi delta, New Orleans. 75 . New Orleans is one of the great ports of the world, and one of the greatest terminals for both sea and river traffic.AIt was the Mississippi that made the city what it isBLevees, high banks built of earth, hold back the flood watersCTherefore, as we know, its the third longest river in the worldDIt is known that the“Great Water”has also been a frontier riverEHowever, they paddled up and down the Mississippi in their boats to seek their fortuneFThe“Great Water”always remains a thread, for the streets of the city are below the level of the riverGThey call themselves Cajuns, who have actually been leading fairly primitive lives and preserving their own traditions If you walk into W. Lloyd Jeromes dental surgery(手术) in Glasgow, youll see bright paintings and a fashionable blue couch which patients sit on while he checks their teeth. Jerome says, Thats because theyre frightened. 71 Thats why I dont wear a white coat. I find thats one of the things that people associate with pain. In fact, my philosophy is that dental treatment should take place in an atmosphere of relaxation, interest and, above all , enjoyment.Which is all highly shocking for anyone who associates dental treatment with pain, or at the very least, formal, chinical visits. He says, If people are relaxed, entertained and correctly treated, they will forget such previous unpleasant experiences.Virtual - reality headsets are one of his new relaxation techniques, 72 The headsets are used for the first check up, where the patient sits on the blue couch and watches an underwear film while I look at their teeth. “Then the headset switches to a special camera, to give the patient a visual tour around their mouth.Another key point is that the surgery smells more like a perfume shop than a dentists. Today there is the smell of orange. “When people walk in, I want them to realize with all their senses that its not like going to dentists. Smell is very important. 73 Known as Clasgows most fashionable dentist, Jerome is keen to point out that he takes his work very seriously. 74 For example, Jerome uses a special instrument which sprays warm water on the teeth to clean them, rather than scraping them. It feels a bit strange, but as long as people are relaxed, its not painful. 75 One of the things I found out there was that when you make it easier for the patient, you make it easier for yourself He sees his patient centred attitude as the start of a gradual movement towards less formality in the conservative British dentistry profession.At that moment, a patient arrives. Jerome rushes over, offers him a cup of tea, askes him what video hed like to watch and leads him gently towards the chair.A. Five years ago, Jerome went to the United States to do research.B. He has tried to create an environment where people are not afraid.C. The relaxation techniques are important but the quality of the treatment is the most important thing.D. We were the first practice in Britain to introduce them.E. Now they look forward to their visits here.F. That dental smell of surgical spirit can get the heart racing in minutes if youre frightened of dentists.G. Fifty percent of the population only go to the dentist when theyre in pain. Friends play an important part in our lives，and although we may take the fact of friendship for granted, we often dont clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, 71 Moreover, a great many relationships come under the general term “friendship”In all cases，two people like one another and enjoy being together，but beyond that，the degree of closeness between them and the reasons for their interest in each other change greatly At the beginning, much depends on how people meet，and on good first impressions. As weget to know people, 72 . Although these factors are not of the greatest importance，it is moredifficult to have a good relationship with people when there is a big difference in age and background Then, 73 Friends will stand closer together and will spend more time looking at each other than ordinary friendsSmiles and soft voices also express friendliness，and it is because they may give the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty making friends. A friendly look with a wrong facial expression can turn into an unfriendly stare，and nervousness may be wrongly understood as unfriendliness Some relationships are a result of argument and discussion，but it is usual for close friends to have the same ideas and beliefs，the same opinion and interests. The more closely involved people becomethe more they depend on each other. And 74 . Equally, friends have to learn to make allowances for each other, to put up with annoying habits，and to accept differences in opinion. In contrast with marriage, 75 . But the support and understanding that results fro m shared experiences and affections does seem to create a close and lasting relationshipAwe are usually friends with only a fewBmany factors can affect friendship and relationshipCpeople want to do friends favors and hate to let them downDargument and discussion can improve personal relationshipsEwe consider things like age，race，looks，economic and social status，etcFwe pay attention to actual behavior，facial expression，and the way a person speaksGthere a re no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the relationship between two people Brain Transplants Research on the human brain has been attracting more and more scientists in recent years. 71 If we compare a human brain to a hard disc, what the scientists are doing is to make better use of the hard disc. The idea that a human brain could be transplanted (移植) may come from Frankenstein. In 1999, an experiment turned a bear into a dolphin (海豚). 72 They were made of the memory area in the dolphins brain containing information about swimming. They had a series of useful information, which was saved into a button sized chip (芯片). Later the information was transplanted into the action memory area in the bears brain. 73 It proved to be a highly successful experiment and a bear was turned into a dolphin. Recently, another memory transplant was performed at the Motor Nerve Rescarch Instance of the University of California. The experiment bad an entire transplant of the memory area. 74 The transplant was performed from a dog named Cenius to a dog named idiot. Cenius could follow up to 100 gestures and orders made by its master. It was a real genius in memorizing. However, Idiot had no contact with people since its birth. It because an animal with nothing in its brain, without any memory. 75 When the two dogs woke up, Idiot had grasped all the abilities Cenius possessed; it was good at memorizing and sensible. It could follow every gesture and any command given by its master. But Cenius gave no response to its master, and did not recognize him at all.AThe experiment was a complete success.BIt included actions, moods, logic, words, images, etc.CThen it was released (释放) by means of electric power.DDifferent images have different meanings in the memory area.EUsing the most advanced technology, detailed images were produced.FDiscoveries show that messages are carried by the central nervous system in the brain.GOne of the latest topics is how to change the human brain or combine it with the computer. Speaking in public is most peoples least favorite thing. The reason is that we are all alraid of making foods of ourselves. 66 .But stop biting your finger-mails. Public speaking is easy . Its just plain talking, and you talk all the time. Although Im basically shy (honest!). Ive been making speeches and talking on radio and television for more than 30 years. And I can tell you that public speaking is not a “gift” like musical talent_ 67 .Here are some of the lessons I have learned:Your aud ience is going to come away with one or two of your main ideasOne or twoNot ten or twenty 68 And if you dont have a clear idea of what you want to say, theres no way vour audience will 69 _how you are going to open, what major points you want to make and how youre going to closeWhen I do a radio or TV piece, I often write the last sentence first 70 A strong close is critical; the last thing you say is what your audience will most likely rememberThe standard length of a vaudeville act is usually 12 minutesIf all