动词不定式动名词在句中充当的成分.ppt

本节课讲述动词不定式 动名词主语TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy 当主语表达动作时 我们须将动词变性 既能表达出动词的意思 还又不能再是动词的词性 因此英语中出现动词不定式与动名词的用法 动词不定式强调 目的 将要动名词强调 状态 陈述事实 结果 动词不定式作主语的重点句型 Itis adj forsb todosth ofsb todosth遇到你真高兴 Itisveryhappytomeetyou 真正的主语是 todosthTomeetyouisveryhappy it只是形式主语保持句子平衡 再看一些例句 Itisn trighttosayso Itiswrongtogiveupthechance Itisn taneasythingtomasterEnglish Ittookusayeartocompletethisproject Itcostyou10yuantopostabook 注意 当给你一个动词不定式 说 某某做某事 这时必然产生一个动词不定式的复合结构 即 itis adj for ofsbtodosth 用for还是用of要看前面的形容词 若形容词是形容人的品质 特征的 就要用of 例如kind good nice wise unwise clever silly wrong right foolish stupid careless considerate rude naughty impolite 而别的adj时 则用for 例如 1 Itiswrongofyoutosayso 2 Itisimportantforyoutosayso 用of 还是for还可以这么判断 1句说成youarewrong 是合理的 你是错的 与句子想表达的意思相符 2句说成youareimportant 不合理 你是重要的 这与本句想表达的 你这么说是重要的 不相符 继续看Itis adj todosth的句型 动词不定式做主语 Itisn trighttosayso Ittookusayeartocompletethisproject todosth是句子中的真正主语 并且say complete后面还都有自己的宾语 因此动词不定式内部保持了 动宾关系 而且是必须保持动宾关系 Itiscomfortabletoliveintheroom Theroomiscomfortabletolivein 动名词做主语 动名词做主语在下列常见句型中 Itisnousedoingsth 做 没有好处 用处Itisnogooddoingsth 做某事无益 无用Itisnoharmdoingsth 做 并无害处Itisawasteoftime moneydoingsth 若给你一个动名词 然后说 某某做某事 这时会产生一个 动名词复合结构 即 one sdoingsth one s为形容词性物主代词或名词所有格 Itisnousesayingso Itisnouseyour Tom ssayingso 动名词做表语 动名词做表语表陈述事实 试比较Myjobisteaching Myjobistoprotectyou Iamtogoshopping 做表语的肯定不能是动词 因此 涉及保留动词意思 但需改变动词词性的方法 即doing或todo 前者侧重事实陈述 后者侧重目的和将要 动词不定式做宾语 动词不定式做动词的宾语动词不定式做介词的宾语A 以下动词只能接动词不定式做宾语 agree decide expect hope long manage want plan pretend wish wouldlike seem happen learn promise usedto taketrouble 不辞辛劳 setout makeupone smind fail arrange hurry prepare mean 打算 B 以下动词既可接不定式做宾语 又可接动名词做宾语 注意意思上的区别 rememberforgetregretlikestopmeanpreferhatecontinueremembertodosth记得去做某事rememberdoingsth记得做过某事forgettodosth忘记去做某事forgetdoingsth忘记做过 做了而又忘了regrettodosth很遗憾要去做某事Iregrettotellyouabadnews我很遗憾要告诉你一个regretdoingsth后悔做了Iregrethavingsaidthat meantodo打算想做某事 meandoing意味着 动名词充当宾语 以下动词只能用动名词作宾语 can thelp can tstand feellike giveup putoff admit advise avoid consider enjoy keep escape finish forbid imagine practice risk suggest bear stand keepdoingsthkeepondoingsthconsiderdoing考虑做某事considertobe认为tobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone 动名词做介词的宾语 prep doing介词后面加动词 ing形式句型 havedifficulty trouble problem fun pleasure agoodtime ahardtime indoingsth但是taketroubletodosth费心费劲做某事be getusedtodoingsth习惯做某事devoteto stickto leadto getdownto lookforwardto doingsth Thankyouforthetrouble A youhavemadetohelpmeB youhavehadtohelpmeC youhavetakentohelpmeD youhavepaidtohelpme Theworkerandtheartist who inthetown wanttomovetovillage A wasusedtoliving don tB wereusedtoliving doesn tC usedtolive don tD usedtolive doesn t 动词不定式做定语动词不定式可以跟在名词后面做定语 例如 Ihavenothing tosay Ihavenothing towrite Findmearoom tolivein Findmearoominwhichtolive Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon Givemeapieceofpaperonwhichtowrite Heisamantodependon Heisamanonwhomtodepend 注意 当动词不定式作定语的时候 它和所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系 即 做某事 因此要用主动形式表被动 动词不定式做定语 常跟在下面这些名词词后面 起到定语修饰这些名词的作用 A effortfailurepromisedesireB way pleasure plan time chance powerC idea method habit purposeA组名词 后面如果有动词做定语 要用动词不定式B组名词 后面如果有动词做定语 要用动词不定式或ofdoingsth形式C组名词 后面如果有动词做定语 要将动词使用ofdoingsth的形式 Pleasemakeaneffort A ofarrivingearlyB inarrivingearlyC toarriveearlyD earlytoarriveHiseffort thecollegemadehimquitehappy A toenterB inenteringC toentertoD toenterforE enteringF ofenteringTellmetheeffort A youhavepaidforhelpingmeB youhavetakentohelpmeC youhavemadetohelpmeD youhavespenttohelpme Thechancewearelookingforward hascomehere A tospeakingEnglishB totospeakEnglishC toofspeakingEnglishD ofspeakingEnglishE tospeakEnglish 2 Whyaren tyouhappy Idon tliketheidea A ingettingupearlyB ofgettingupearlyC forgettingupearlyD togetupearly3 Lilyhasahabitofaskingquestions Butthennottolistentotheanswers Butthennotlistentotheanswers Andthennotlisteningtotheanswers Andthendoesn tlistentotheanswers 动名词做定语 与现在分词做定语的区别 动名词做定语 表功能 用途asleepingcar acarforsleepingaswimmingpool apoolforswimmingwalkingstick stickforwalking现在分词做定语 表示被修饰名词本身的动作 行为 它和名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系 acryingboyasleepingchildworkingpeopleaswimmingboy 动词不定式做状语 动名词不能做状语 做状语的是现在分词 todo做状语 1 表目的soastodosthinordertodosthtodosthonpurposetodosthwiththepurposeofdoingsth sothatcan主句 inorderthat 主语 could Vsoasthatwouldmay目的状语从句mightshouldnotShestudiesveryhardsothathecangotocollege Shestudiesveryhardtogotocollege inordertogotocollege soastogotocollege withthepurposeofgoingtocollege onpurposetogotocollege TheteacherspokeveryslowlyinorderthatalltheSscouldfollowhim 将此句变为简单句 答案 inordertobefollowedbyalltheSs inorderforalltheSstofollowhim soastobefollowedbyalltheSs soasforallthestudentstofollowhim tobefollowedbyalltheSs forallthestudentstofollowhim onpurposetobefollowedbyalltheSs onpurposeforalltheSstofollowhim withthepurposeofallthestudents followinghim Wegotupearlysoasthatweshouldnotmissthebus 将此句改为简单句 即 用动词不定式引导目的状语从句Keys inordernottomissthebus soasnottomissthebus nottomissthebus withthepurposeofnotmissingthebus onthepurposenottomissthebus 2 动词不定式做结果状语c enoughtodosthHeisoldenoughtogotoschool d notenoughtodosthHeisnotoldenoughtogotoschool e too todosthHeistooyoungtogotoschool Heisnottallenoughtoreachtheapples Heistooshorttoreachtheapples f onlytodosth结果状语Iamhereonlytopointoutyourfaults Hesaidthesewordsonlytoshowthathehadknownnothingaboutit g justtodosth只是 Heleftthestonejusttohithisfeet a 名词an 名词1 主语 suchadj 名词单 that结果状语从句adj 名词复上述复合句改为简单句是 a such that such astodosthWeiissuchanhonestboythatalltheSslikehim WeiissuchanhonestboyastobelikedbyalltheSs Weiissuchanhonestboyasforallthestudentstolikehim 2 主语 so adj adv that从句b so that so astodosth IspokeinsuchaloudvoicethatIfrightenedhim 请将本句改为简单句 即 动词不定式做结果状语从句Keys astofrightenedhim asforhimtobefrightened Theearthturnsaroundthesunsoslowlythatitcan tbreakawayfromthesun 请将本句改为简单句 即用动词不定式充当结果状语从句 Keys asnottobreakawayfromthesun asfortheearthnottobreakawayfromthesun 动词不定式做宾语补足语注意 动名词不能做宾补 做宾补的是现在分词 hearsbdosthencouragesbtodosthhearsbdoingsthforcesbtodosthsee watchsbdosthwantsbtodosthsee watchsbdoingsthletsbdosthwarnsbnottodosthmake havesbdosth 2 动词不定式做表语 1 动词不定式做表语重点句型 Itseemsthatsb Itprovesthatsb sbseemstodosth sbprovestodostthItappearsthatsb Ithappensthatsb sbappearstodosth sbhappenstodosthsaidsaidItisknownthatsb sbisknowntodosthdecideddecidedreportedreported ItissaidthatRexwillcomeheretomorrow Rexissaidtocomeheretomorrow 练习 Itseemsthatitwillraintomorrow 改为简单句 Itappearedthatheknewmysecret Itprovesthatshewasthereatthattime IthappenedthatIwasthinkingofthismatter