中考英语-重点短语及现在完成时专题训练.doc

中考英语-重点短语及现在完成时专题训练教学目的1、重点短语学习，真正掌握考点知识；2、现在完成时的用法。3、激发学生学习兴趣，帮助其养成良好的学习习惯，树立学习自信心。重点难点重点：1、for 和 since 的区别；难点：1、短暂性动词转化成延续性动词； 2、短语用法分析，真正掌握考点知识；教学内容谚语赏析 1、Facts speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。2、More haste, less speed.欲速则不达。3、Money cant buy time. 寸金难买寸光阴。4、Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。5、A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。教师寄语 高尚的理想是人生的指路明灯。有了它，生活就有了方向;有了它，内心就感到充实。迈开坚定的步伐，走向既定的目标吧！课前回顾 上节课所学内容的检查： 智能梳理1. interest【用法1】v. 使产生兴趣【例句】English interests him. 英语使他产生兴趣。 He interested me in math. 他使我对数学感兴趣。【用法2】n. 兴趣，爱好 （表示“某一方面的爱好”，其后可接介词in.）固定短语：place of interest 名胜【例句】She has an interest in art. 她喜好艺术。 There are many places of interest in China. 中国有许多名胜。此外，interest后面加后缀可以构成形容词interesting和interested。interesting修饰物或主语是物，表示某物使人很感兴趣；interested修饰人或主语是人，表示某人对某物感兴趣。相关短语：be interested in 对感兴趣【例句】It is an interesting book for children. 那是一本有趣的儿童读物。 Im not interested in politics. 我对政治不感兴趣。【考查点】由interest构成的短语。【易错点】后缀-ing或-ed的用法易混淆。【考题链接】我对别人的秘密毫无兴趣。I _ others secrets at all.2. exercise 【用法】n. 锻炼，运动（不可数名词）；练习题，操练（可数名词）take exercise = do sports “进行运动；做锻炼”【例句】(1) He takes exercise every day. 他每天都运动。 (2) We do morning exercises every day. 我们每天都做早操。 (3) There are five exercises for you to do. 你要做5道练习题。【考查点】词义理解。【易错点】不会区分是可数名词还是不可数名词。【考题链接】Youd better do morning _ every day. Its good to take lots of _. A. exercise, exercise B exercises, exercise C. exercise, exercisesD. exercises, exercises3. crowd【用法1】n. 人群 用作名词时，其为集合名词。作主语时，其谓语用单数(视为整体时)或复数(考虑到个体成员时)均可。【例句】The crowd moves on, and no one tries to stop it. 人群向前移动，谁也没试图阻止。 The crowd were running in all directions. 人群往四面八方跑去。注意：强调人数多时，可用其复数形式。如： There were crowds of people waiting to get in. 有许多人在等着进去。【用法2】v. “聚集”、“挤满” 【例句】People crowded round to get a better view. 人们争相围观。 Shoppers crowded the streets. 买东西的人挤满了大街。注意：常用结构 be crowded with【例句】The hall was crowded with people. 大厅挤满了人。 The exhibition was crowded with visitors. 展览会挤满了参观的人。此外，派生形容词 crowded 意为“拥挤的”。如 crowded trains (hotels, roads, shops) 拥挤的火车(旅馆，道路，商店)【考查点】crowd不同词性的用法。【易错点】词性不同时意思不明确。【考题链接】When a bus comes, the _ at the bus-stop rushes and pushes to get on.A. people B. crowd C. police即学即练1 Bob takes _ every day and it makes him stronger than before. A. exercise B. exercises C. medicine2 The story is so _ that I have read it for several times. A. interest B. interested C. interesting1. a number of【用法】“许多”【考查点】the number of和a number of的区别。辨析：the number of和a number ofthe number of：“的数量”，跟复数名词连用作主语时，中心词是number，其谓语动词要用单数。如： The number of students in our class is 50.a number of: “许多”, 相当于many,修饰可数名词的复数，作主语时，其谓语动词要用复数；number前可用large或small 等修饰，以表示程度。如： A number of students are planting trees on the hill.【易错点】不明确the number of和a number of谓语的单、复数。【考题链接】The number of women teachers in our school _ over forty. A. is B. were C. are2. protectfrom 【用法】“保护不受侵害”（from后接名词，代词等作宾语）【例句】Its my duty to protect children from harm.保护孩子免受伤害是我的责任。【考查点】短语本意。【易错点】不会灵活翻译。【考题链接】 He is wearing his sunglasses to _ himself from the sun.A. prevent B. stop C. protect3. a bit【用法】“有点儿” 【例句】Its a bit cold today.辨析：a bit与a little：1）相同之处：a bit与a little都可作程度副词，表示“稍微、一点儿”的意思，修饰动词、形容词、比较级等，二者可以互换。例如： Will you please turn down the radio a bit/a little?（动词）请你把收音机声音关小一点好吗？ Shes a bit/a little afraid of the teacher.（形容词）她有点怕老师。Her mother feels a bit/a little better today.（比较级）她母亲今天感觉好一些。2）不同之处：（1）a little可以直接修饰不可数名词，而a bit修饰不可数名词时，只能用a bit of。例如：Tom has a little money.Tom has a bit of money. 汤姆有一点钱。 （2）a bit和a little与not连用时，意思大相径庭。not a bitnot at all，意为“一点也不”；not a littlevery much，意为“十分”、“相当”、“极其”。例如： He is not a bit tired. 他一点也不累。 He is not a little tired. 他很累。【考查点】a bit与a little的区别。【易错点】a bit与a little的用法混淆不清。【考题链接】Why dont men do _ housework? A. a bit B. a little of C. a bit of4. give up【用法】放弃（后面接名词，动名词，代词要放在中间） 【例句】Smoking is bad. He has given it up. You mustnt give up studying foreign languages for even a day. 【考查点】短语本意。 【易错点】give up后的动词及give 的过去式和过去分词。【考题链接】 医生建议我戒烟。 The doctor advised me _.即学即练1. He runs _ faster than Tony.A. a few B. a bit C. more2. 你应该戒烟，我去年就戒掉了。You should stop smoking, I _ last year.3. A number of students _ carrying water now. A. is B. are C. were4. We should protect animals _ danger. A. of B. to C. from语法专项 现在完成时（Present perfect）：（1） 过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，（2） 过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 考点一：现在完成时的基本结构一、基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done) 肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. 否定句：主语+have/has+ not+动词的过去分词+宾语. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） 考点二：现在完成时的含义二、意义解析：（1） 强调动作是过去发生的； （2） 强调对现在的影响或结果； Eg: I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has cleaned the blackboard.(含义是:现在黑板已经干净了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) 考点三：现在完成时的基本用法三、用法：（一）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice等连用，也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如these days, today, this year, so far等连用。 I have already posted the letter. (信已经不在我这儿了)（二）表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，也许还将继续下去，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用，即for +时间段，since+时间点/从句，in the last ten years等，谓语只可用延续性动词。 具体如下：for+时间段 five yearssince+过去一个时间点 last year / 1998（译为：自从以来） since+时段+ago two years agosince+从句（过去时） I was ten years old.Eg:Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注意： 英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的，终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词、或点动词).如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用，即不能与表示一段时间的状语，for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。Eg： Ive left Shanghai for three days.() Ive been away from Shanghai for three days.().I left Shanghai three days ago. () It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.()初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有: leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等。终止性动词要表示持续时，可用以下方法：1. 将时间状语改为时间段 + ago，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。Eg: My brother joined the army two years ago. 我弟弟参军两年了。 2. 若保留for+时间段，since+时间点/从句，或用在 how long句型中，则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。 考点四：短暂性动词如何变为延续性动词常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下：come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow- keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away (from) buy-have fall asleep-be asleepend/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold join the army-be in the army be a soldier join- be a member ofjoin the Party-be in the Party be a Party member My brother has been in the army for two years.My brother has been a soldier for two years. 考点五：have been to 与have gone to 的区别（三）现在完成时中been to, gone to和been in/at，1、have been to 表示去过某处，现在回来了。 表示某人的一种经历，可以和once, twice, already, ever, never等连用。eg. She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在这里) 2、have gone to 去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的途中或已在某地。eg. She has gone to Shanghai. (表示现在她人不在这里) 3、been in/at 逗留在某地(已经一段时间).常和for ten days, since I came here等连用。eg. She has been in Shanghai since she moved there. 考点六：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别四、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，强调的是现在的情况，不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, in 1991, three days ago last time, last night等连用。一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。 如：I bought a car yesterday.即学即练 一、用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty?-No ,I _ just _ (have) some orange.8. We _already _ (return) the book.9. My father _ (read) the novel twice.10. I _(买)this car for over three years.能力提升 二、 单项选择。（ ）1 .How long _ he _ ? A. was, died B. has, died C. has, been dead D. did, die（ ）2. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? A. already B. never C. ever D. still（ ）3. Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been（ ）4. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began（ ）5Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good C. has changed ; better D .changed ; better（ ）6.Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying（ ）7.We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew（ ）8.Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see（ ）9.These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone （ ）10._ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish归纳总结 学生自己总结：（这节课我学到了什么？） 过关测试 大显身手吧！一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish ( ) 2. Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made ( ) 3. How long have you _ here ? About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived ( ) 4. It _ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was ( ) 5. Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been ( ) 6. My parents _ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been ( )7、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know ( )8、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still ( )9、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago ( )10、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written二用 “for or since.”填空。1. My grandfather has lived with us_ last year.2. This house has been empty _ over a year.3. Mr Green has taught us English_ he came here last year.4. Uncle Wang has worked in the factory _ it opened.5. The twins have been in China _ three years ago.课后作业They go to the seaside _ a week every July Homework： 1. 熟记本次课所讲的语法点，认真完成讲义上的作业； 2. 将课上所做的错题整理到错题本上； 3. 下次课前做好复习，上课听写。作业目的：检测你对在课堂上所学知识的掌握情况；作业检查：对你学习成果的肯定，发现问题帮助你解决，以取得更好的成绩；作业要求: 字迹工整，审题仔细，作答认真，遇到不会的问题一定要做笔记找老师寻求帮助。 作业：1、复习并背诵九下M1M3单词及课文； 2、复习讲义，整理课上讲的知识点到错题本上； 3、认真完成下面的作业。 ( )11、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better ( )12、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying ( )13、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew ( )14、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see ( )15、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone ( )16、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish ( )17、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in ( )18、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made ( ) 19、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . Arrived ( )20、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began ( )21、It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was ( )22、Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been ( )23、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been ( )24、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they ( )25、_ has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived . 1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _ they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) _ （A） Dr. Black put on a false smile（假笑） as she entered Janets hospital room. She couldnt let Janet see that she was worried. Yet she had been searching for the cause of Janets illness and hadnt found a clue.“How are you feeling today?” Dr. Black asked her patient. Janet replied that she felt about the same terribly uncomfortable.The doctor tried to get Janets mind off her health by talking about Janets vacation at Lake Winnow. But Dr. Black couldnt keep her own mind on the conversation. She kept wondering what could be wrong with her patient.Suddenly Janets words stopped Dr. Blacks thoughts: “ the vacation was really perfect, except for the food. The last meal I ate was especially terrible.”Dr. Black quickly came back to the talk, “Janet, when did you eat that meal?” Janet said that it had been the day before yesterday.“I think weve discovered your problem,” Dr. Black said as she left. Several hours later, Dr. Black was back with the answer. “Janet, the food you ate made you ill. Youre suffering from food poisoning. Now that we know whats wrong, we can take care of your problem.”34. What made Janet sick?A. an insect (昆虫) bite B. bad food C. bad water D. cold weather35. Where did Janet go on her vacation?A. She took a trip to the city. B. She went camping in the mountains.C. She spent a week at the seashore. D. She took a trip to a lake. 36. What is the main idea of the story?A. A doctor discovers what made Janet sick. B. Dr. Black becomes ill.C. Janet goes on vacation. D. A doctor talks to Janet in the hospital.37. What would happen to Janet shortly after? She would _. A. be worse B. be OK C. die D. be angry with the doctor (B)One day, Wilbur Smith was enjoying the jacket(书套)of his latest book on a flight to America when the middle-aged man in the next seat asked, “I see you read Wilbur Smith. What do you think of him?” “I think he is clever and successful.” replied Wilbur. “Well, the guy is a friend of mine,” said his neighbour proudly.“Oh, really?” said Wilbur.“Not only that, but Im the model for one of his heroes” “Is that so?”“Yeah. Would you like his signature(签名)?”“Could you arrange that?” asked Wilbur.“Sure. Give me your card.”Wilbur handed over his business card, and the man carefully put it in his top pocket. Not surprisingly, Wilbur didnt hear from his “friend” after that.38. Wilbur Smith went to America _ that day.A. by air B. by train C. in a car D. on a coach 39. According to the passage, we know that Wilbur Smith is _. A. a teacher B. a businessman C. a writer D. reporter 40. The middle-aged man in the passage is _.A. a stranger to Wilbur B. a friend of Wilburs C. a neighbour who lives next to Wilbur D. a hero of Wilburs book 41. When the mid-aged man saw Wilburs business card, he felt very _.A. proud B. happy C. excited D. surprised