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必修3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world复习目标闯关要点名师讲解【重点单词】1. starve vt.&vi. (使)饿死；饥饿；渴望，急需 例如：Shes starving herself trying to lose weight她为了减轻体重而忍饥挨饿。【拓展延伸】starve for渴望得到starve to death 饿死be starved of sth. = hope/long for sth.极需，缺乏starve sbinto sthdoing sth使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事starvation n挨饿；饿死The plants are starving for water. 这些植物极需要水 They got lost in the desert and starved to death他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死The engine was starved of petrol and wouldnt start发动机缺油，发动不起来【即境活用】用starve的短语的适当形式填空。1). Thousands of people _ _ _ in Africa. 2). These children are _ _ love.3). The people on the island _ _ _ fresh water since it hadnt rained for nearly half a year.Keys: 1). starved to death/died of starvation 2). starving for 3). were starved of 2. belief n. c,u 信任；信仰；信心 believe vt.&vi. 相信例如：1). He has great belief in his doctor. 他对那位医生无比信赖。2). She has lost her belief in God. 她已不相信上帝（不相信真有上帝）。拓展have belief in sth/sb 对某事物/人的真实性和正确性所具有的信心beyond belief 难以置信in the belief that. 相信It is my belief that. 我相信【即境活用】用belief的短语填空。1). He came to me _ _ _ _ I could help him. 2). _ _ _ _ that nuclear weapons are immoral.3). The cruelty of the murders was _ _. 答案：1). in the belief that 2). It is my belief 3). beyond belief3. gain n. 获得；增加；获利，获得物；收益；利润；vt. 得到；获得，赢得，增加，增添，到达；（钟、表等）快该词有三种含义：1). 表示经过努力一点一点地获得自己渴望的东西He has gained rich experience in these years. 这些年他已获取了丰富的经验。2). 表示速度、重量等慢慢增加He gained weight after recovery from his illness. 康复后他的体重增加了。3).（钟，表）走快This clock gains five minutes a day. 这只钟每天快5分钟。拓展gain experience / fame / independence 获得经验/名望/独立gain sth. from 从处获得某物gain other s respect / love / trust 获得别人的尊敬/爱戴/信任No pains, no gains. 一分耕耘,一分收获。【辨析】：gain, win, get, earn, acquiregain指在斗争，竞争中做出很大努力而“获得”，所得的东西常具有一定价值win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”get为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到” earn意为“赚得”，表示经过艰苦努力所得的报酬acquire意为“获得，取得”，一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得【即境活用】win/get/gain/earn/acquire填空对比：Im new in the job but Im already _ experience.Please_ me a glass of waterHis perseverance _him many friends and a gold medalHe_ up to$50，000 a year by writing storiesAfter six years study，he has _a good knowledge of English【答案】gain get win earn acquire4. award n. 奖；奖品 vt. 授予；判定作动词时后接双宾语，award sb. sth. 颁发给某人某物 be awarded for 因而受奖。例如：Medals were awarded to the best speakers on the debating team.奖章授给辩论队中的最佳演说者He got the highest award in the contest他得到了比赛的最高奖。He won the award for the best student of the year他获得本年度优秀学生奖【辨析】：award/prize/rewardaward既可作动词也可作名词，指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少prize为名词，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得reward既可作动词也可作名词，指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、酬金He won the award for the best student of the year他获得本年度优秀学生奖A prize was given to the person who had the winning number奖品奖给了那个获得中奖号码的人He received a medal as a reward for his courage他得到一枚奖章，作为对他勇敢的奖赏【即境活用】Three university departments have been _$600,000 to develop good practice in teaching and learningApromoted Bincluded Csecured Dawarded【解析】D 考查动词词义辨析。区分动词意思，按照句意排除。promote 促进，提升；include包括；secure保证，是安全；award授予，奖给5. admire vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕【即境活用】We _ the old scientist _ his contribution _the country.A. admire; for; to B. admire; at; toC. respect; on; for D. respect; on; at6. permission n.u 许可；允许 permit vt. 准许；许可；允许 permit n.许可（证）；执照例如： You have my permission to leave. 我准你离开。拓展with/without (one s) permission得到允许/未经允许 ask sb. for permission 征求某人的许可give sb. permission to do sth.: permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 have one s permission得到某人的同意【即境活用】完成句子或用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). They entered the area _ _ (未经允许). 2). The prison authorities permit _ (visit) only once a month. 3). We have arranged to play tennis on Saturday, weather _ (permit).4). You will need to obtain planning _ (permit) if you want to extend your house.答案：1). without permission 2). visiting 3). permitting 4). permission7. apologise vi. 道歉，辩白apologise to sb. for （doing）sth.=make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉You should apologise to your teacher for coming late你应该为你的迟到向你的老师道歉I must apologise for my mistake我必须为我的错误表示道歉I do apologise for giving you so much trouble while I am here我在这期间给您添麻烦真是对不起。【拓展延伸】(1)英语口语中其他表示道歉的句式还有：I am really sorrybut I seem to have misplaced your bag somewhere真对不起，我好像把你的书包丢在什么地方了。I feel terrible，but Ive just broken your beautiful vaseI dont know what to say，Id like to replace it真是抱歉极了，我刚才把你那个漂亮的花瓶打碎了。我真不知说什么好，我想赔偿（2）对于道歉的同答，可以用下列句式来表达：Dont worry about it别担心Just forget about it别再提这件事了。别再把这件事放在心上了Its not important那算不了什么Thats OK没关系Its nothing没有什么It doesnt matter没关系【即境活用】The headmaster told the boy _ the angry teacher, but he refused to.A. to apologise B.apologise to C. to apologise for D. to apologise to【解析】D。考查动词的搭配。按照句意，区分动词的搭配即可。Tell sb to do sth.让某人去做某事；apologise to sb.向某人道歉8. remind vt. 提醒；使想起例如：1). This story reminds me of my childhood. 这个故事让我想起了我的童年。2). I reminded Gerald of his promise. 我提醒吉罗德他曾许下的诺言。3). Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow. 请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。拓展remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事remind sb. of / about sth. 提醒某人记住某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事remind sb. that. 提醒某人/使某人想起【即境活用】汉译英。1). 这些照片使我想起我的童年。_ 2). 请提醒我要每天服三次药。_ 答案：1). These photos remind me of my childhood. 2). Please remind me to take my medicine three times a day. Please remind me that I should take my medicine three times a day.【重点短语】1. take place 发生take place为不及物动词短语，无被动语态例如： The reception will take place on Saturday.招待会将在星期六举行【拓展延伸】place短语归纳take the place of 代替/取代in the first place (用于列举理由)首先，第一点in the last place 最后in ones place 处于某人的位置，为某人设身处地想一想in place 放在本来的位置，就位out of place不在合适的位置；不适当的in place of 代替，用而不用take sb s place / take the place of sb. 代替某人；接替某人的位置Money is being used in place of something more direct.金钱正在被更直接地用来取代某种东西。Before you leave the office, everything should be put in place. 在离开办公室之前, 应把所有物品摆放好Who will take Mr Millers place? 谁将代替米勒先生？ 【辨析】：happen/take place/occurhappen是普通用语，使用广泛，其“发生”往往带有意外偶然性。另外happen也可作“碰巧”讲，这时后面要接to do sth。take place一般是按意图、计划“发生”，事情往往是事先安排好的，还可引申为举行、进行的意思occur用于指具体事物时，可与happen互换(但happen后加不定式时，不能与occur换用)；另外occur还有“想起”的意思，这时不可同happen互换 I happened to see him on my way home. = It happened that I saw him on my way home.我碰巧看到他回家A big earthquake occurred (=happened) in the south of China last year.去年中国的南方发生了一场大地震It occurred to me that she didnt know I had moved into the new house.我突然想起来她不知道我已经搬进了新家Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.在过去的十年中，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化【即境活用】World Expo of 2010 will _ in Shanghai China Beijing.Maybe something unexpected _.It _ to him that he had forgotten to take his briefcase.【答案】take place happened occurred2. in memory of纪念；追念to the memory of = in memory of 为了纪念have a good/bad memory for sth. 善于记/不善于记1). Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people. 很多典礼是为了纪念名人的。2). The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist. 这个雕像是为了纪念那为有名的科学家而建立的。短语归纳 in + n. + of 短语：in honour of 为了纪念；向表示敬意in praise of 歌颂in favor of 赞同, 支持in charge of 负责in need of 需要in search of 寻找in possession of 拥有in place of 代替 【即境活用】 用in + n. + of构成的词组填空。1). A monument was set up _ _ _ the dead soldiers.2). He founded the charity (兴办那项慈善事业)_ _ _his late wife.3). If you are _ _ _ anything, don t hesitate to let me know.4). In the discussion, I was _ _ _ Mr. Li.答案：1). in memory/honour of2). in memory of3). in need of 4). in favor of3. dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰dress作“打扮自己或打扮某人”讲，与介词as或like连用或用dress up as sb或dress up for sth短语归纳 dress up for sth. 为某事而盛装 dress up as sb. 打扮成为某人be dressed in 穿着(衣服或颜色) dress sb./oneself 给某人或自己穿衣服We are supposed to dress up as movie characters for the party, what a novel idea!我们在晚会上要装扮得像电影中的角色，这是一个多么新奇的主意啊！They dress up for the occasion. 为了参加这个活动，他们都穿上了盛装She dress up in Elizabethan costume for the fancy-dress ball. 她穿上伊丽莎白的服装去参加化妆舞会【拓展延伸】(1)dress vt&vi(给)穿衣，打扮 dress+sb.oneself beget dressed in+(衣服或表颜色的词) dress+adv(或表目的、场合的介词短语)She always dresses in black. 她总穿着黑衣服。The mother is dressing her baby. 母亲正为婴孩穿衣 The girl dresses fashionably. 那女孩穿着时髦 (2)dress n服装，衣服；连衣裙 evening dress晚礼服【即境活用】 _in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed【解析】D 考查dress的状态形式。掌握dress的用法。be dressed in 穿，表示一种状态。4. play a trick/tricks on 对某人搞恶作剧/诈骗/开玩笑；对某人施计谋The kids are always playing tricks on their teacher. 孩子们老是对他们的老师搞恶作剧。短语归纳play a joke/jokes on sb. = make fun of sb. 开某人的玩笑 laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人【即境活用】 填介词或用所给词的适当形式填空。1). He was let in by playing a trick _ (介词) the guard. 2). She hated _ (play) tricks on in public.答案：1). on 2). being played 5. look forward to 盼望；期待例如：1). Im looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation. 我期待暑假见到你。2). I m really looking forward to our vacation. 我盼望着假期早日到来。短语归纳 短语中to是介词，后接名词、代词及动词-ing形式：lead to导致；通向object to反对 refer to查阅；提到 stick to粘住；坚持add to 增加 add up to 总计 compare.to 把比作 ee to 负责，处理 get close to接近；差点get down to着手做 get/be used to 习惯于 pay attention to 注意 put an end to 结束，停止admit to 承认 devote.to 贡献给；致力于【即境活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。1). The boy hurried forward _ (see) the world-famous oil painting because he had been looking forward to _ (see) it for a long time. 2). The day I had been looking forward to _ (come). 3). I used to _ (get) up late, but now I m used to _ (get) up early. 答案：1). to see; seeing 2). came 3). get; getting6. turn up 出现；到达；发现；调大(音量等) 例如：1). It s time for the meeting, but he hasn t turned up. 到开会的时间了，但他还没到。2). Please turn up the radio. I want to listen to the news. 请把收音机音量调大, 我想听听新闻。 短语归纳 turn 短语：turn on打开(煤气、自来水、电灯等)turn off 关上turn down减弱，降低，拒绝turn around/about 转过身来turn away 转过头turn out生产，制造；(常与to, that连用)结果是turn to sb./sth. (for help) 向求助，查阅【即境活用】用turn词组填空。 1). Don t worry. The file is sure to _ _.2). Please _ the television _ a bit, I can t hear clearly.3). It _ _ that it was Tim who broke the vase.4). The sad child _ _ his mother for comfort. 答案：1). turn up 2). turn; up 3). turned out 4). turned to7. keep ones wordkeep ones word守信用，履行诺言，反义词是break ones word，即“失信，食言”。二者中的名词word是不可数名词，不能用复数形式例如：You cant take her promises seriously: she never keeps her word.她答应的事不必当真, 她从来说话不算数Never trust a man who (that) breaks his word easily. 不要信任一个常常食言的人【拓展延伸】有关word的短语in a wordin shortto be short简言之；总之have a word with sb 与某人谈话have words with sb 与某人发生口角in other words=that is(to say) 换句话说，也就是说keepfulfill ones promiseword 遵守诺言break ones promiseword 违约；食言【即境活用】用word词组填空。1). His score was only 53. _ _ _, he failed in the exam. 2). Could I _ _ _ with you, Miss Jones? 3). You ll find that she is a girl who always _ _ _.4). _ _ _, I think he s a fool.答案：1). In other words 2). have a word 3). keeps/breaks her word 4). In a word 8. set off 出发；动身；使爆炸例如： 1). What time are you planning to set off tomorrow? 你打算明天几点钟启程?2). The terrorist set off a bomb in the city centre and killed six people. 恐怖分子在市中心引爆了炸弹，杀害了六个人。短语归纳 set短语：set off for a place 出发到某地set about doing sth开始某工作；着手做某事set out 从某地出发上路set out to do sth. 开始做某事set sth up 摆放或竖起某物；创立，建立set sth aside 将某事物放在一边；（为某目的）节省或保留钱或时间【即境活用】 用set词组填空。1). The new government must _ _ finding solutions to the country s economic problems. 2). The children _ _ the fireworks in the yard. 3). She _ _ a bit of money every month.4). They _ _a statue in honor of the national hero.5). They ve _ _ on a journey round the world.答案： 1). set about 2). set off 3). sets aside 4). set up 5). set off/out【重点句型】1. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow. 整个国度处处都是樱花盛开,看上去就像罩上了一层粉红的雪。as though / as if “好像”, 引导表语从句和方式状语从句：1). 引导方式状语从句 She acted as though nothing had happened她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。当从句主语和主句主语一致, 从句谓语中又含有动词be时, 可把主语和be一起省去。 He looked about as though (he was) in search of something他四下张望, 好像寻找什么。2). 引导表语从句 It looks as if it s going to rain看样子天要下雨了。3). as though和as if从句用虚拟语气, 还是用陈述语气, 完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反, 或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。 The child talks as if she were an adult. 那孩子说话的样子好象她是个大人。【即境活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。1). The pencil looks as if it _ (break) with half of it in the glass of water.2). Li Ming speaks English very well as though he _ (be) an Englishman. 3). It seems as if our team _ (be) going to win. 4). He talks about pyramids as though he _ (see) them himself.答案： 1). were broken 2). were 3). is 4). had seen 2. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave. 很明显咖啡店老板在等着李方离开。句子中it作形式主语，其后的从句才是句子的真正主语。it作形式主语，没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子末尾，使句子显得很稳定，能借it移至句子末尾的主语有三种：一种由不定式表示，一种由动名词表示，一种由从句表示It is/was + adj./n./p.p. + that-clause 结构：It was obvious/clear that = obviously/ clearly, “很明显，显而易见” It is necessary/ important/ strange/ natural + that + sb. should do It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder + that + sb. should do It is said/believed/reported/announced/expected/ + that 【即境活用】翻译句子。1). 真奇怪，这么重要的会议，他居然缺席。_ 2). 显然，你错了。_3). 他竟然向我们撒慌，真是可耻。_4). 据报道，双方的会谈有进展。_答案：1). It was strange that he should have been absent from such an important meeting. 2). It is obvious that you are wrong. / Obviously, you re wrong. 3). It was a shame that he should have lied to us. 4). It is reported that the talks between the two sides are making progress.语法核心突破Modal Verbs I(情态动词I)一、概述 情态动词表示说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度，表示“需要”“可以”“必须”“应当”等意义 情态动词有以下特征： 1不能单独作谓语，除ought to和used to以外，后面只能接不带to的不定式 2没有人称和数的变化。但有些情态动词，如can，will，dare有一般时和过去时的变化。 3情态动词的“时态”的形式并不是区分时间的主要标志。不少情况下，情态动词的现在时形式和过去时形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间或将来时间 二、用法归纳 1can和could (1)表示能力，常译为“能，会” 例如： I can speak Japanese。but I cant write it 我会说日语，但是不会写 (2)表示允许，常译为“可以”；could还可以表示更加委婉地请求或许可例如： CanCould I have a look at your photos? 我可以看看你的照片吗? 一0f course you can当然可以了。 You can smoke in this room 你可以在这间屋子里吸烟 (3)表示对现在或过去情况的推测，只用于疑问句或否定句中例如： 一Can she be in the classroom? 她可能在教室吗? 一NO，she cant be in it 不，她不可能在教室里。 Can what he said be true? 他说的可能是真的吗? (4)用于肯定的陈述旬中，表示理论上或习惯上的可能性。例如： Accidents can happen at any time事故随时会发生 It could be very interesting to go out for a drive出去开车兜风可能会很有趣 (could比call的nr能性小)辨析can(could)/be able to(1)can只有观在时和过去时could而be able to则有更多的时态变化，在将来时，完成时和非谓语动词中只能用be able to。 (2)can一般指自身具有的能力。而be able to则表示经过一段时间的努力后所具有的能力，相当于manage to do或succeed in doing。例如：This time l failed in the exam，but I11 be able to pass the exam next time这次我考试不及格但下次我能考试及格 (经过努力)She said she regretted not being able to use the computer well她说她很后悔不会很好地使用电脑(3)住否定结构中was/were able to 与could没有区别。例如：She ran fast but she couldnt/wasnt able to catch the bus她跑得很快可还是没能赶上公共汽车The young man couldnt carry the big stone 这个年轻人搬不动那块大石头。(指本身的能力) I 2maymight (1)表示许可或征询对方许可，常译成“可以”。表示征询许可时，may 可与cancould换用might比may的语气更委婉一些对其一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can否定回答时要用mustnt或cantmustnt表示“不可以”“禁止”之意例如： You may go home now现在你可以回家了 May/ Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你谈谈吗? 一May 1 come in? 我可以进来吗?一Yes，you maycan.进来。一No, you cantmustnt你不能。 (2)may常用于祈使句中表示祝愿例如： May you succeed!祝你成功! May God bless you l!愿上帝保佑你! (3)表示对现在或过去情况的推测，一般只用于肯定句中，may not表示“可能不”之意。might比may可能性小 He may be very busy now他现在可能很忙 一Why hasnt he come?他为什么还没来? 一He may have missed the train.他可能没赶上火车吧 3will /would (1)表示请求、建议，用于第二人称疑问匀中would比will语气更委婉。例如： Will you call back laterplease? 请过一会儿再打过来好吗? Would you like a cup of coffee?你想来杯咖啡吗? (2)表示意志、愿望和决心，有“愿；要”之意would表示过去的意愿和决心。例如： 1 will do my best to help you 我愿尽我最大努力帮助你 (3)表示习惯性动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯性的动作或倾向 Oil will float on water油总是浮在水上 On Sunday he would go to the park to play chess 以前每到星期天他总是到公园去下棋 (4)(表示功用或能力)能。 The room will seat 100 persons 这个屋子能坐下100人。 The door wont open这门打不开 4shallshould (1)shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。例如： What shall we do this evening?我们今晚干什么呢? When shall he be able to leave the hospital? 他什么时间能离开医院? (2)shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。例如： You shall fail if you dont work hard 如果你不努力学习你会考试不及格 (警告) You shall not leave your post 你不得离开岗位。(命令) He shall have the book when I finish reading it 当我读完这本书时他可以拿走 (允许) He shall be punished他将受到惩罚 (威胁) (3)should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to，意为“应该”。(还常用于虚拟语气中) 例如： You shouldnt have left so soon. 你不应当走得这么早 Sal suggested that we should go for a swim 萨尔建议我们去游泳 (4)should表示推测，可能。这种推测往往有一定的根据。含有“按道理应当”之意。例如： They should be at home by now for they have been away for two hours现在他们该到家了，因为他们离开两个小时了 If the train is on time，she should arrive in Beijing by seven如果火车准点的话，她应该7点前到达北京。 5mustcant (1)must表示“必须；必要”用于一般疑问句中，肯定回答用must。否定回答要用neednt或dont have to。例如： Must we hand in our exercise today? 我们必须今天上交练习吗? Yes, you must是的，你们必须。 一No, you needntdont have to不，你们不必。 (2)mustnt表示“不允许；禁止”。例如： You mustnt lend the new book to others 你不许把这本新书借给别人。 (3)有时must表示“偏要；硬要；偏偏”，指做令人不快的事情。例如： Must you shout so loudly? 你非要这么大声嚷嚷吗? (4)must表示推测时。只能用于肯定句，意为“一定；肯定”。作此解时，must的否定形式不是mustnt，而是cantcouldnt。例如： They must be anxious to know the result 他们一定急于知道结果。 一I think the news must be true 我想这个消息一定是真的 一No，it cant be true不，它肯定不是真的。 6情态动词+have done (1)can(could)+have done的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或否定，另外could have done还表示“过去本能够做，但实际上未做”。例如： He cantcouldnt have finished so much work in so short a time 他不可能在这么短的时间内完成如此多的工作。 Where cancould they have gone? 他们会到哪去了呢? We could have gone there on footA taxi wasnt necessary at a11 本来我们可以走着去那儿根本没有必要乘出租车 (2)may(might)+have done表示对过去所发生事情的推测。例如： He may have said so他可能这么说过。 That was too dangerousYou might have killed yourself那太危险了。你当时可能会丧命的 (3)should+have done表示过去本应该做而实际上未做，而shouldnt+have done表示过去本不应泼做但实际上做了。 例如： You should have started earlier你本应该早点动身。 You shouldnt have lent him money yesterday 昨天你本不该把钱借给他。 (4)must+have done表示对过去发生情况的肯定推测。 例如： It must have rained last night昨晚肯定下雨了【典型例题】
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