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新目标英语八年级上第2单元知识讲解及练习含答案【重要词汇概览】 matter n.事情，问题,差错 armn.臂，胳膊 backn.后背，背脊 earn.耳朵 eyen.眼睛 foot n.脚，足（pl. feet） legn.腿，腿部 neck n.脖子，颈部 nose n.鼻子 stomachn.胃，胃部 toothn.牙齿(pl. teeth) sore adj.疼痛的 stomachachen.胃痛，腹痛，肚子痛 throat n.喉头，喉咙 toothachen.牙痛 fevern. 发烧 liev.躺，卧，平放在某处(lay, lain) honeyn.蜂蜜 dentist n.牙医 illnessn.疾病，生病 advice n.劝告，忠告，建议 thirstyadj.渴的，口渴的 heal v.医治，治愈 balance n. 平衡，平衡状态，协调 might aux.v. 可能,可以,允许(may 的过去式) beef n.牛肉 lamb n.小羊，羊羔，羊羔肉 energy n.精力，活力，能力 life n.生命，人生 bean n. 豆，豆科植物 strayv. 远离，走失，离题 balancedadj.平衡的,协调的 diet n.饮食,节食 backachen.背痛 improvev.改善，改良，提高 speakingn.口语 headachen. 头痛 homestayn.待在家里 importantadj.重要的，重大的，严重的 【重要词组概览】 have a cold患感冒 stressed out 紧张的，有压力的 bean sprout豆芽 get tired感觉疲惫 stay healthy保持健康 at the moment此刻，现在 on the other hand另一方面 get a cold 患感冒 see a dentist看牙医 go to the party去参加聚会 make sb sick 使某人不舒服(患锁病) have a sore throat 嗓子痛 have a fever发烧,发热 have a toothache牙痛 have a backache背痛 have a headache头痛【语法知识聚焦】看病需要和医生交流，这是英语口语中必不可少的内容。从医生询问病情，病人诉说病情，到医生检查、诊断和医嘱，这些环节最常用的语句，同学们必须掌握。一、医生询问病情的常用语句：1. Whats wrong/the matter (with you)? 你怎么了？ Whats your trouble, young man? 年轻人, 你哪里不舒服? When did it start? 从何时开始生病的？2. How are you (feeling) now? 你现在觉得怎么样? Are you feeling better today? 你今天好些了吗?3. Have you got a headache/a cough? 你头痛/咳嗽吗?4. When did you feel unwell? 你什么时候觉得不舒服的?5. When did the pain start? 疼痛何时开始的?6. Did you sleep well? 你睡得好吗? Do you feel tired?你觉得疲劳吗?7. How long have you been like this?你像这样有多久了?8. Did you eat anything for breakfast?你早饭吃了什么没有?二、病人诉说病情的常用语句：1. I dont feel very well. / Im not feeling well. 我感到不舒服。2. I have (got) a headache. 我头痛。 I have a sore throat. 我嗓子痛。 I have a backache. / I have a pain in my back. 我后背痛。 Theres something wrong with my leg. 我的腿有毛病了。3. I feel terrible.我感到很难受。 I feel even worse.我感到情况更糟了.4. I dont feel like eating anything. 我什么都不想吃.5. I dream too much. 我的梦特别多. I cant fall / be asleep in the evening. 晚上我睡不着.6. It began two days ago. 两天前开始的.7. I dont feel any better now. 我感觉没有什么好转.8. I had noodles for lunch today. 今天午饭我吃的是面条.三、医生检查、诊断和治疗的常用语句:1. Open your mouth and say Ah-.张嘴说 啊- .2. Let me take your temperature. 让我给你量量体温.3. Theres nothing much wrong / serious with you. 你没什么大问题.4. You have got a bad cold. 你患了重感冒.5. You have to be in hospital.你得住院.6. Youd better stay in bed for a few days.你最好卧床几天. Youd better not eat too much sugar.你最好别吃太多的糖. Eat less food and take more exercise. If you do that, youll feel much healthier. 少吃些,多锻炼,不久你的身体就会健康得多. Drink more water. 多喝水. You should drink a lot of water. 你应该多喝水。 Have a good rest.好好休息.7. Take one of these pills twice a day. 这些药每次服一片,每天两次. Take the medicine after meals. 饭后服药.8. Youll soon be all right. 你很快就会康复的. I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你很快就会好起来。 Try to relax before you go to sleep. 睡觉前尽量放松一下。 【能力训练】一、补全对话小明生病了，他流鼻涕，还不停的咳嗽。现在他正在看医生，请阅读并补全他们的对话。A: Im not feeling well, doctor.B: Whats the 1 ?A: Well, I have a runny nose and I 2 stop coughing.B: You have 3 a cold. Take some medicine and 4 a good sleep.Youll 5 better soon.A: Thank you doctor.二、连词成句1. should, he, bed, to, go, early_.2. have, you, do, throat, sore, a _?3. should, to, healthy, you, exercise, stay_.4. shouldnt, she, tired, when, study, she, is_.5. Sonja, shouldnt, party, tonight, to, go, the, certainly_.三、语法填空 1. What is she doing now? She _ _ (play) the kite now.2. Where did he go on vacation? He _ (stay) at home.3. I am tired now. I _(study) late last night.4. My mom_(like) the color of blue, but my grandparents _(like) the color of yellow.5. A: I _ _ _ (feel) well now. B: You should go to the doctor.6. He believes that I should _(have) a good habit.四、翻译句子 1.牛奶能帮助你保持健康的身体。 Milk can _ you _have a healthy body.2.我爸爸让我好好学习英语。 My father _ me _ study English well.3.我妈妈说我应该晚饭尽量少吃肉。 My mom said that I should _ _ eat less meat for dinner.4. 不要太疲劳，不然会使你生病的。Dont _ too tired. Or it will _ you sick.5. 我相信每天晚上8个小时的睡眠很重要。 I believe that its _ _ sleep 8 hours each night.五、作文 Tom每天都不能按时上交老师留的作业，请你至少给他写5条建议，建议要合情合理。Tom cant finish the homework on time. I think he should take the advice like: He should _【知识天地】下列对话中，后面划有横线的一行均有一处错误，请找出错误，并把正确的答案写在横线上。A: Whats the wrong with you, young man? 1. _B: Im not feel well and Im very weak.2. _ I cant do some work, doctor. 3. _A: Do you have headache? 4. _B: No, I dont.A: Do you sleep well in night? 5. _B: Yes, I sleep very well.A: Did you eat breakfast every morning? 6. _B: No, I dont. And I eat only a little foods7. _ of lunch and supper because I want to 8. _ keep thin.A: Oh, I see. Theres much nothing wrong with you. 9. _ You need eat more food and have three meals 10. _ a day. And do some exercises every day. 11. _ Then youll turn better soon. 12. _【参考答案点拨】一答案：1. matter/trouble 2. cant 3. caught/had/got 4. have 5. feel/be/get解析：1. Whats the matter? 和Whats the trouble? 是医生向病人询问病情时的常用语句，答案为matter/trouble。2本句中前部分用了动词have， 因此而推断本题为一般现在时，又从语言背景中得知：他不停的咳嗽，因此答案为cant。3此句为现在完成时态，主动词have+动词的过去分词。have a cold, catch a cold, get a cold 都表示患了感冒，因此答案为caught/had/got5. Youll 是 You will 的缩写形式，其后应该接动词原形，better是形容词，必须与连系动词连用，因此答案为feel/be/get。二、1. He should go to bed early.2. Do you have a sore throat?3. You should exercise to stay healthy.4. She shouldnt study when she is tired5. Sonja certainly shouldnt go to the party tonight.三、答案：1is playing2. stayed3. studied 4. likes, likes 5. am not feeling6. have解析：1. 根据问句得出，动词play 应该用现在进行时，所以答案为is playing.2. 根据问句得出，动词stay应该用一般过去时，所以答案为stayed.3. 由于本句的时间状语为last night, 所以动词study应该用一般过去时，所以答案为studied.4. 根椐句意，某人喜欢某种颜色属于个人的习惯与爱好，应该用一般现在时表示，两处主语都是第三人称单数，所以答案为likes, likes.5. 根据You should go to the doctor. 推断出答案应该是：am not feeling。 6should 为情态动词，其后应该加动词原形，因此答案为have. 四、答案：1. help, to 2. tells, to 3. try to 4. be, make 5. important to解析：1. 本题考查动词短语help sb. to do sth. （帮助某人做某事）的用法，答案为help, to.2. 好好学习 我们理解为是父母经常对我们的嘱咐，应该用一般现在时，tell sb. to do sth. 意为让某人做某事，答案为tells, to。3. 本题考查动词短语try to do sth. 意为: 尽量/努力/试图做某事, 所以答案为try to.4. 表示疲劳要用系表结构be tired. will 为助动词, 其后应该加动词原形，表示某事物使得某种情况发生, 其中的使得 应该用动词make 来表示，因此答案为be, make.5. 本题考查固定句型Its.to do sth. 例如: Its good to help others. Its bad for your eyes to read in bed. 等。因此本题答案为important to.五、He should finish homework on time every day. He shouldnt watch TV every night. He shouldnt play computer games until midnight. He should watch TV after he finishes homework. And he should play computer games once a week only on Saturday evening. I think he can become a good boy.【知识天地答案及解析】1. wrong改成matter 或去掉the.2. feel改为feeling.3. some改为any. 此句是否定句。4. headache 前加a。have a headache 是习惯用法，表示“头痛”。5. in 改为at。 at night是习惯用法，表示“在夜间”。6. Did 改为Do。 有时间状语every morning, 应该用一般现在时。7. foods 改为food. food 作食物讲时是不可数名词。8. of 改为for。 这是习惯搭配。9. much nothing 改为nothing much。nothing是不定代词，修饰语形容词应该放在其后。10. need 后加to。在肯定句中，need 一般用作实义动词，故后跟动词时要加to.11. exercises 改为exercise。exercise与do 搭配表示“进行体育锻炼”时，为不可数名词。12. turn 改为get。 表示“身体健康状况变好”时，
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