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第八节 情态动词和虚拟语气第一部分 六年高考题荟萃2010年高考题1. （10安徽32）Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strongwilled manA. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 答案：D. 考点：本题考查情态动词推测用法。解析：句意为“杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人，他的父亲多年前肯定很勇敢。”用must have been表示对过去事情的肯定推测。2.（10湖南23） You buy a gift, but you can if you want to.A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to 答案：D考点：情态动词解析：dont have to 意为“没有必要”，符合语境，句意为：“你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。”3. （10江西23） I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it?A Must B Can C May D Will答案：A考点：考察情态动词的用法。解析： must 必须, 一定 can 可以, 能够 may 也许 will 意愿, 倾向性动作, 前半句说我告诉你事实了, 这里用的是现在完成时, 表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响, 既然我已经说了, 我还必须重复一遍吗？4. （10山东25）I_ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt答案：A考点：本题考查情态动词的用法。解析：句意应为“我本来不应该看那部电影的-它会使我做噩梦的。”表示“本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldnt have done, 所以A项正确。5. （10天津9）Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt 答案：A. 考点：考查情态动词。句意：迈克本来不必要那么忙的。这么高速驾驶之后，他早半个小时到达了。解析：根据后面的语境，提前半个小时到达，说明Mark本来不必那么匆忙，所以用neednt have done 结构，表示“本来不必要做某事的而实际上做了”。6. （10四川3） I take the book out? w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*mIm afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need答案：B考点：考查情态动词。解析：表请求可用情态动词can, may, could, might ,表允许用can, may.句意为：“我可以将这本书带出去吗？”“恐怕不行”。故应选表情请求的情态动词may。正确答案为B。w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_o m7. （10全国29）.Just be patient .You _ expect the world to change so soon .A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. whether 答案：A句意：耐心一点儿，你不能期望世界变化如此快。解答：通过选项此题考察情态动词，cant在否定句中可以表示推测，译为不可能，可以表示能力，译为不能够，也可以表示命令，不允许，但是语气比mustnt弱，具有劝慰的意思，根据句意此题中选择A，cant表示劝慰。8. （10江苏25） I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_答案：B，解析：shall在第二人称中表示允诺，还可以表示强制，命令，威胁，警告。还有在法律条文中的要求或规定。9. （0陕西 23） May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you . You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt答案：D解析：考查情态动词。英语中用could，might表示询问或征求意见的问句中，肯定性应答要用can或may来代替could或might，而may或might征求意见的问句否定应答时要用mustnt，故本题选D。10. （10全国17）Im afraid Mr. Harding _see you now. Hes busy.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D .neednt答案：A解析：情态动词考查。结合语境，根据情态动词用于疑问或否定推测时，要用cant。11. （10湖北79） Its said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they _（不可能做到）because the ocean in between is too wide. (do)答案：cant/ couldnt have done it考点：情态动词解析：当要对过去进行肯定的推测时，要用 “cant/couldnt+have+done”的结构12（10辽宁26）.Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise.Acan Bwill Cmust Dmay答案：C句意：医生说锻炼对身体重要，但是必须是有规律的锻炼。解析：考查情态动词。Can一般表示“可能，或能力”；will表示“意志”；may表示“许可，可能”；must表示“必须”。13. （10北京23） -Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. -Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can答案：B考点:本题考查情态动词在语境中的运用。解析：第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约，那下面的人就回应说，那您一定就是Mrs. Peters了因此排除A,C.D14. （10浙江17） “You _ have a wrong number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.”A. need B. can C. must D. would 答案：C考点：情态动词 15. （10上海29）-Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt答案：C考点：本题考查的是虚拟语气解析：此处表示和过去事实相反的情况，应该用should + have + 过去分词。本来应该做，而未做16. （10安徽26） Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy 答案：A. 考点：本题考查虚拟语气与时态。解析：前句表示对过去的虚拟，而but之后表示过去的客观事实，故用一般过去时态。17. （10湖南29） If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 答案：C考点：考查虚拟语气。解析：根据“wouldnt have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，故选C项。18. （10天津15） John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 答案：D. 考点：考查虚拟语气。句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话，我会跟他一起去的。解析：前一句是陈述语气，说明动发生在过去，而且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构，应该用had +过去分词。19（10江苏34）. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused答案：选B 解析：would rather后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在时间相反，用动词的过去式20.（10陕西15）If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken答案：B.解析：考查虚拟语气。所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语，根据主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反，故所填部分用had+过去分词形式，选B。21. （10湖北76） Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention _ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss)答案：(should) be discussed考点：虚拟语气解析：“insist”引导的宾语从句要用虚拟，从句结构是 “should”（可省略）加动词原形，主语 “problem” 是要“被讨论”。22.（10北京34）-The weather has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldnt die B. didnt die www.ks5u.com/gaokao/beijing C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died www.ks5u.com/gaokao/beijing答案：D考点：本题考查虚拟语气中对过去的虚拟。解析：第二个说话人的If条件句是我们选择正确答案的关键。要是当时下雨了，现在的情况就好的多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。过去没有下雨，所以我的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。而将句子还原则为If it had rained even a drop, my vegetables wouldnt have died.If+ had done,主句为couldnt/ shouldnt/ wouldnt have done.23（10浙江10）Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .Awould have been savedBhad been saved Cwill be savedDwas saved答案： A考点：本题考查虚拟语气。解析：根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故选择A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。2009年高考题1. (09安徽29) Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they just be quiet people.A. must B. may C. should D. would答案 B2. (09北京25) One of the few things you _ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.A. need B. must C. should D. can答案B3. (09福建35) But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won答案B 解析 虚拟语气。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done结构，故选B。4. (09湖南30) Its the office! So you know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry.A. must B. will C. may D. need答案A 解析 句意为：这是办公室！因此你必须知道吃的不允许带到这里。must表示“绝不”的意思。5. (09海南25) What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelveA. should B. would C. will D. shall答案 A 解析 你这是什么意思，只有十张票吗?应该有十二人。should表示“应该，应当”。6. (09上海27) It_ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.A. may B. can C. must D. should答案 C7. (09四川13) I dont care what people think.Well, you _A. could B. would C. should D. might答案 C解析 考查情态动词的用法。答话的人提了一个建议你应该关注别人对你的评价的。should可以用来向别人提建议，所以答案为：C8. (09天津15) This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. might答案 B9. (09重庆32) Hi, Tom. AnyideawhereJaneis?She_intheclassroom. Isawhertherejustnow.A. shallbe B. shouldhavebeen C. mustbe D. mighthavebeen答案C10. (09全国20) I cant leave. She told me that I stay here until she comes back.A. can B. must C. will D. may答案 B11. (09江苏28) He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.A. could express B. would expressC. could have expressed D. must have expressed答案 C2008年高考题1.(08全国17)Lizawell not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.A.willB.canC.mustD.may答案 D解析 句意为：Liza极有可能不想去旅行她讨厌旅行。may well很可能，极有可能，表示猜测。当表示猜测时，will和can不能与well连用，must只能用于肯定句中。2.(08北京21)John promised his doctor henot smoke， and he has never smoked ever since.A.mightB.shouldC.couldD.would答案 D解析 句意为:约翰答应医生他不再吸烟，从那以后，他再也没有吸过烟。由句意可知空格处表示允诺，故应选择D项。3.(08天津6)Shehave left school， for her bike is still here.A.cantB.wouldntC.shouldntD.neednt答案 A解析 句意为：她不可能离开了学校，因为她的自行车仍然在这儿。cant表示不可能；wouldnt have done表虚拟；shouldnt have done本不该做(却已做了）；neednt have done本没必要做(但已做了）。4.(08江西26)What a pity!Considering his ability and experience， hebetter.A.need have doneB.must have doneC.can have doneD.might have done答案 D解析 句意为：太遗憾了！鉴于他的能力和经验，他本可能做得更好。need have done本来有必要做（而没做）；must have done是对过去发生的事情的肯定的推测，表示“过去一定做了”；can have done是对过去发生的事情的不肯定的推测；might have done表示“本来可以”。5.(08湖南28)You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book.Youfind the book by the title.A.mustB.needC.canD.would答案 C解析 句意为：要找到一本书你不一定非要知道作者的名字。你可以根据书的标题找到这本书。can表示“可以，能够”。6.(08陕西9)What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?Well， itbe bigthats not important.A.mustntB.needntC.cantD.wont答案 B解析 句意为：“你想要什么样的房子？要大的吗？”“噢，它不需要很大，那不重要。”由.thats not important.这一语境可知，空格处应表示“不需要”，故须用neednt。7.(08四川10)Although thissound like a simple task，great care is needed.A.mustB.mayC.shallD.should答案 B解析 句意为：尽管这听起来可能像一项简单的任务，但是需要非常仔细。must一定，必须；may可能，可以；shall将要；should应该。各自表达的意义不同，选may最妥当。8.(08重庆30)I cant find my purse anywhere.Youhave lost it while shopping.A.mayB.canC.shouldD.would答案 A解析 may表达推测之意，意为“可能”。9.(08浙江11)Yoube hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!A.wouldntB.cantC.mustntD.neednt答案 B解析 句意为：你不可能饿了，你两个小时之前才吃的午饭！cant指不可能；mustnt表猜测时，不能用于否定句；Neednt指没有必要。10.(08福建24)It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but itbe rather cold sometimes.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would答案 B解析 must必然，一定；can可能；should应该；would（过去）将，总会。本题提供的语境是“有时可能会”。11.(08辽宁22)Peterbe really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.A.shallB.shouldC.canD.must答案 C解析 句意为：虽然彼得总体上来说是一个好人，但有时真的难以相处。can在这里不表示主观的推测，而表示客观的可能性。12.(08江苏35)Im sorry.Iat you the other day.Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.A.shouldnt shoutB.shouldnt have shoutedC.mustnt shoutD.mustnt have shouted答案 B解析 句意为：“对不起，几天前我本不应该朝你大喊大叫的。”“不要放在心上。我自己有点情绪失控。”shouldnt have done sth.本不应该做某事(但已经做了)。13.(08山东24)Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think weit without you.A.can manageB.could have managedC.could manageD.can have managed答案 B解析 could have done本能够做某事（但没做）。2004-07年高考题A组1.(07全国27)Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?Itbe， but it is now heavily polluted.A.willB.wouldC.shouldD.must答案 C解析 考查情态动词的区别。will可用来表示“意愿；客观必然性等”；would可表示“意愿；过去常常（现在也可能是那样的）”；should表示“应该，理应”；must表示“必然；一定，准是”。结合语境可知，此处用should表示虚拟。句意为：“这本来应该是美丽的，但是现在它被严重污染了。”2.(07北京26)In crowded places like airports and railway stations， youtake care of your luggage.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will答案 C解析 句意为：在像飞机场和车站这样拥挤的地方，你一定要照看好自己的行李。must表示“必须，一定”符合句意。3.(07上海29)Guess what？ I have got A for my term paper.Great!Youread widely and put a lot of work into it.A.mustB.shouldC.must haveD.should have答案 C解析 由“have got A”可知是对过去发生事情的推测，故用“情态动词+have done”结构。must have done表示“必定做过某事”，符合题意。4.(07安徽23)The teacherhave thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him， I suppose.A.shouldB.canC.wouldD.must答案 D解析 must have done表示对过去所做事情的肯定判断，表示“一定”。5.(07江西27)Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.Youit in the wrong place.A.must putB.should have putC.might putD.might have put答案 D解析 考查情态动词表推测的用法。由yesterday可知A、C两项错误；should应该，理应；might或许，可能，显然D项正确。6.(06全国24)Theres no light ontheybe at home.A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.shouldnt答案 A解析 考查情态动词的用法。句意为：（家中）没有亮灯，他们肯定不在家。此处要用情态动词表推测，且用于否定句表示“肯定不”，故cant符合要求。must表推测时不用于否定句，mustnt表示“禁止，不许”；neednt表示“不需要”；shouldnt表示“不应当”，故A项符合要求。7.(06全国31)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if ityesterday.A.was happeningB.happensC.has happenedD.happened答案 D解析 考查虚拟语气的用法。as if仿佛，好像，其后的从句可出现虚拟语气。句意为：Eliza清楚地记得每一件事，仿佛它是昨天发生的！句中remembers为一般现在时，故as if从句中用一般过去时来表示虚拟语气。8.(06全国10)We hope that as many people as possiblejoin us for the picnic tomorrow.A.needB.mustC.shouldD.can答案 D解析 句意为：我们希望尽可能多的人能参加我们明天的野餐。用can.表示可能性。9.(06北京25) Whats the name? Khulaifi.I spell that for you?A.ShallB.WouldC.CanD.Might答案 A解析 shall在问句中征求对方意见，主要用于第一人称。答语句意为：“我给你拼写一下好吗？”10.(06天津11) Wehave proved great adventurers，but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.A.needntB.may notC.shouldntD.mustnt答案 B解析 句意为：我们或许还没有证明是伟大的探险者，但我们已取得了在过去的10年里的最伟大的进展。故应用may not。11.(06浙江19) Could I have a word with you，mum? Oh dear，if you.A.canB.mustC.mayD.should答案 B解析 考查情态动词的用法。句意为：妈妈，我可以和你说句话吗？”“噢，亲爱的，如果你非要说的话。”must表示必须要做的事。12.(06福建27) If it were not for the fact that shesing，I would invite her to the party.A.couldntB.shouldntC.cantD.might not答案 C解析 考查情态动词的用法。题中that引导同位语从句。“she cant sing”是一个事实，是指在能力、技能等方面不能、不会。13.(06湖南32) Some aspects of a pilots jobbe boring，and pilots oftenwork at inconvenient hours.A.can;have toB.may;canC.have to;mayD.ought to;must答案 A解析 考查情态动词的用法。句意为：飞行员工作的某些方面可能是令人厌倦的，并且飞行员经常在不方便的时候工作。第一空表示的是客观的可能性，应用can；而第二空说在不方便的时候还要干，因此表示客观上的必须，用have to，意为“不得不”。14.(05全国26)Tom，youleave all your clothes on the floor like this!A.wouldntB.mustntC.needntD.may not答案 B解析 考查情态动词。wouldnt用以提示客气的请求；mustnt表示禁止，不允许；neednt表示没必要；may not表示不可以。根据语境要求Tom不许把衣服放在地板上。15.(05全国19)John，look at the time.you play the piano at such a late hour?A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Need答案 A解析 must在此处显示出说话人的不快，有“难道非要”的意思。16.(05北京26)Hehave completed his work；otherwise，he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A.shouldB.mustC.wouldntD.cant答案 B解析 考查情态动词表猜测的用法。由句意 “他一定是已经完成工作了；否则，他就不会在海边玩得那么高兴。”可知是对过去发生事情的肯定推测。17.(05上海27)Therebe any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.A.mustntB.shantC.shouldntD.neednt答案 C解析 句意为：因为你在驾校已经训练了这么多，通过路考一定没有什么困难。本句中表达出劝慰对方的语气。mustnt表示“禁止，不允许”，表示警告或命令; shant表示“将不会”；shouldnt表示据情况推测“理应”；neednt表示“不必”。18.(05天津14)Ihave been more than six years old when the accident happened.A. shouldntB.couldntC.mustntD.neednt答案 B解析 考查对过去发生的情况的推测。couldnt have done是对过去发生情况的否定推测，其肯定形式同样是对过去发生情况的推测，意为“可能已”。shouldnt have done本来不应该，但实际已经；neednt have done本来不需要，但实际上已经；must表示推测时，只用在肯定句中。故选B项。19.(05辽宁26)This cake is very sweet.Youa lot of sugar in it.A.should putB.could have putC.might putD.must have put答案 D解析 句意为：这蛋糕，非常甜。你一定放了许多糖在里面。20.(05浙江9)The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because itbevery slow.A.shouldB.mustC.willD.can答案 D解析 此处表达一种可能性，要用can， 其他三项都表示主观情态。should应该，义务，must必须，一定，will将会，都与句意不符。21.(05福建31)Catherine，I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks.Youit.I could manage it myself.A.neednt doB.neednt have doneC.mustnt doD.shouldnt have done答案 B解析 考查情态动词的完成式和一般式的区别。neednt do不需要做；mustnt禁止做，都用于现在的动作；neednt have done表示做了本来不必去做的事；shouldnt have done是本不该做却做某事。22.(05湖南24)Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary.She.I have already borrowed one.A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.shouldnt答案 C解析 考查情态动词的辨析。根据后面的句子“Ive already borrowed one”说明她没必要借字典给我了，故选C项。23.(05湖北32)Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.Well，hehave gone farhis coats still here.A.shouldntB.mustntC.cantD.wouldnt答案 C解析 由句意可知，“他肯定没走远”，此处是对过去的否定推测，而且语气最强，故用cant have done。24.(04福建32)Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.Youher last week.A.ought to tellB.would have toldC.must tellD.should have told答案 D解析 考查“情态动词+have done”构成的虚拟语气用法。答语句意为：你本该上周就告诉她(其实没告诉她)。25.(04湖北26)Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?Sorry，I am not sure.But itbe.A.mightB.willC.mustD.can答案 A解析 “I am not sure”说明说话者对情况没有把握，推测语气较弱，使用might。B组1.(07湖南24)The biggest problem for most plants，whichjust get up and run away when threatened，is that animals like to eat them.A.shantB.cantC.needntD.mustnt答案 B解析 句意为：对于绝大多数受到威胁时不能起来就逃跑的植物来说，最大的问题是动物喜欢吃它们。Sahant表将来;neednt不必，mustnt禁止，都不正确。2.(07陕西14)I told your friend how to get to the hotel，but perhaps Ihave driven her there.A.couldB.mustC.mightD.should答案 D解析 本题考查情态动词。could have done（过去）可能做过；本能够做；must have done（过去）肯定做过；might have done（过去）可能做过；should have done本应该做（而事实上没做）。由句意“我告诉你朋友该怎么去旅馆，但或许我应该开车送她去那儿。”可知应选D项。3.(07四川24)What does the sign over there read?“No personsmoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.”A.willB.mayC.shallD.must答案 C解析 shall用于第二、三人称，表示命令、允许、警告等，此处表示警告。4.(07重庆29)What do you think we can do for our aged parents?Youdo anything except to be with them and be yourself.A.dont have toB.oughtnt toC.mustntD.cant答案 A解析 dont have to不必；oughtnt to不应当；mustnt禁止，不允许；cant不可能。答语句意为：“除了与父母呆在一起和做你自己以外，你不必做任何事情。因此A项符合题意。5.(07浙江15)My cats really fat.Youhave given her so much food.A.wouldntB.couldntC.shouldntD.mustnt答案 C解析 考查情态动词。句意为：我的猫真胖。你本不应该给她那么多食物。shouldnt have done sth 本不应该做某事（暗含做了）。6.(07福建25)My MP4 player isnt in my bag.WhereI have put it?A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would答案 A解析 考查情态动词。由句意“我的MP4不在我包里。我可能把它放哪儿了？”可知应选A。can have done过去可能做过而must have done“过去肯定做过”，只能用于肯定陈述句；should have done本应该做过（而事实上没做）；would have done只能用于虚拟语气。7.(07江苏22)She looks very happy.Shehave passed the exam.I guess so.Its not difficult after all.A.shouldB.couldC.mustD.might答案 C解析 must have passed the exam肯定是通过考试了，由前句中的“happy”和下句中的“not difficult after all”可以推知。8.(07山东32)Theytwo free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.A.had gotB.gotC.have gotD.get答案 B解析 “otherwise theyd never have been able.”这一句用了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；而“他们弄到了两张去加拿大的免费票”却是事实，故用一般过去时。9.(06湖北31)fired，your health care and other benefits will not
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