初中英语时态讲解.doc

初中英语时态讲解or或since 等表示一段时间的状语。如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983. 3.现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见终止性动词与延续性动词 (或状态动词) 的对应关系如下:come / go / arrive / get / reach / move- be in/atopen - be open die - be dead close - be closed become -be 初中阶段，要求学生掌握动词六种时态的基本结构(一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时和一般将来时态)及它们的主要用法和区别。了解过去将来、过去完成时态的基本用法，解题时注意找出关键词，正确判断出时态，按时态结构正确变化动词。注意句子时态的一致性，注意对特殊时态的处理。1、 一般现在时。一般现在时通常表示目前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。 结构: 1）be动词。有一顺口溜： 我用am ，你用 are ，is 用于他，她，它, 单数is，复数are.肯定式:主语+ am /is/are +其他否定式:主语+ am/is/are +not + 其他疑问式:Am /Is /Are + 主语+ 其他?简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语 + am/ is /are(否) No,主语 + am /is/are not 2）行为动词（实义动词）除主语是第三人称单数外，都用动词原形，主语是第三人称单数时，在动词 词尾加-s或-es 。“动词第三人称单数”的加法 即 “如何从动词原形变为第三人称单数”1、一般情况加s. 2、以o, s, x, ch, sh 结尾加es. 3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾 改y为i +es肯定式:主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数否定式:主语+助动词 dont/doesnt +动词原形+其他疑问式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: dont = do not doesnt =does not 注意：have的第三人称单数为has 用法：1.表示事实,现状,性质或经常的,习惯的动作,常与often, usually, always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用, eg. He has a brother. 2.表示普遍真理. eg. The earth goes round the sun. 3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作 . eg. Here comes the train. 4.在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时 . eg.Ill go with you if you are free tomorrow.一般现在时用法专练:一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?二、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Is your brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 用动词的适当形式填空1.I like _ (swim).2.He _(read) English every day.3.We _(go)to school at seven in the morning.4.Mike_(go)to school at seven in the morning.5.My mother_(like) _(go) shopping.6.I can _(draw) many beautiful pictures.7.She_(make) a model plane.8.Do you _(like)_(run)?9.Does he_(like)_(jump) ?10.Does Nancy_(grow)flowers on Saturday ?2、现在进行时。通常用“now/look/listen”.1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的结构：.肯定句 ： 主语+be（is,am,are ） +动词现在分词-ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading.否定句：主语+be（is,am,are ）+not + 动词现在分词-ing一般疑问句：Is(Are)+主语+动词现在分词-ing？特殊疑问：疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing?3.动词加ing的变化规则1)一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2)以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping,swimswimming4.现在进行时专项练习：用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing?She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is。写出下列动词的现在分词：play_run_swim_make_go_like_write_ ski_read_have_sing_dance_put_see_buy_love_live_take_come_get_stop_sit_begin_shop_3、 一般过去时态一般过去时通常用 “a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last”等。1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt）are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent）带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3.行为动词的一般过去时变化 肯定句（Positive） 动词过去式 I went shopping last night. 否定句(Negative)didnt + 动词原形I didnt go shopping last night.一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did + 动词原形?Did you go shopping last night?特殊疑问句(wh-)What did+ 动词原形?What did you do last night? 4.动词过去式的变化：规则动词的变化：一般动词 +edplanted,watered,climbed以不发音的e结尾 +dliked辅音字母加y结尾-y+ iedstudystudied, cry- cried重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后一个字母+edstop stoppedplan - planned不规则动词的变化：原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式sweepsweptteachtaughthave hadgowentkeepkeptthink thoughtdo didfindfoundsleepsleptbuy boughteat atesaysaidfeelfeltdrink drankis/am wastaketookreadreadgive gaveare weremeanmeantputputsing sangdrivedrovemeetmetcutcutbegin beganspeakspokemakemadeletletringrangwrite wroteseesawflyflewrun ranride rodecomecamedrawdrewsit sathearheardtelltoldgrowgrewlearnlearned/ learntgetgotknowknew5.特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?过去时练习:一、 用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ at school just now. 2. He _ at the camp last week.3. We _ students two years ago. 4. They _ on the farm a moment ago.5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6. It _ Bens birthday last Friday.二、用行为动词的适当形式填空1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night.3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)7. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _.三、中译英1格林先生去年住在中国。2. 昨天我们参观了农场。4.过去进行时：肯定句：主语+助动词be (was,were)+动词现在分词-ing+其它否定句：主语+助动词be (was,were)+not+动词现在分词-ing+其它一般疑问句：Was(Were)+主语+动词现在分词-ing+其它？特殊疑问句：疑问词+was(were)+动词现在分词-ing+其它?用法: 1、 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time yesterday等，或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作（即与when, while引出的时间状语从句连用）。 例：They were talking about a film at six yesterday evening. 昨晚6点他们正在谈论一部电影。 What were you doing at this time last week? 上周的这个时候你在干什么？ When the teacher came in, they were talking. 老师进来时，他们在讲话。 2、 表示在过去某一段时间内进行的动作。 例：They were swimming from two to three yesterday afternoon. She was watching TV the whole morning. 3、 表示过去将要发生的动作。 例：He said he was leaving on Tuesday. 他说他周二动身。 Tom said he was going tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天去。 过去进行时练习题：一、动词填空。1John_（work） all day yesterday.2 What_you _（do） at ten oclock yesterdayI_（studay） in class3When Harry _（have） breakfast Lily _（telephone） him 4When I _ （go） to school this morning I _ （see） a car running into a bus6. This time yesterday Jack _ (mend) his bike.7. I _ (write) a letter at ten last night.8. It was six. The Greens _ (have) supper.9. When you _ (knock) at the door yesterday,I _ (do) some washing.10. While my mother _ (watch) TV, I _(make) a kite.4、一般将来时概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。1.基本结构：主语+be (is,am,are)going to +动词原形. 主语+will+ 动词原形.2.否定句：主语+be (is,am,are)+not +going to +动词原形.主语+will +not(wont)+ 动词原形.例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.3.一般疑问句：Is(Are)+主语 +going to +动词原形.+?Will+主语+动词原形+?例：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? Yes,we are. No, we arent.Will he go to Beijing next week? Yes,he will. No,he wont.4.对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1). 问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon. 2). 问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3). 问什么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?5同义句：be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.一、练习：填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends.2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _ you _ _ meet?二、用所给词的适当形式填空。11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.12. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects?15. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.16. What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows.17. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday.20. I _ (plan) for my study now.6. 现在完成时构成：肯定句：主语+助动词have（has）+动词过去分词-ed 否定句：主语+助动词have（has）+not(havent,hasnt)+动词过去分词-ed 一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+have(has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+？用法： 1、 表示说话之前已完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在是情况仍有影响。常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。 Mr. Wang has just come back from America. 王先生刚从美国回来。 2现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有f borrow - keep put on - wear buy - have leave - be away (from) begin / start - be on fall asleep - be asleepend/finish - be over catch a cold - have a cold join the army - be in the army, be a soldier join the Party- be in the Party , be a Party member 例：吉姆买这支已有两年了。Jim bought this pen two years ago.Jim has had this pen for two years. Jim has had this pen since two years ago. Jim has had this pen since 2007 It is two years since Jim bought this pen.4.在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等5.表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 that” 后面跟现在完成时。例：This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written.6. have / has been to + 地点 意为“曾去过某地”，暗含目前已不在该地，仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。 have / has gone to + 地点 “到了某地去了”，暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到达了某地尚不确定。 如：He has gone to Shanghai. 他去了上海。 He has been to Shanghai. 他去过了上海。 1、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been2、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been3、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they 4、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university单项选择1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、-Our country _ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying. will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、-These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When _ there ?. will they go. did they go. do they go . have they gone10、-_ you _ your homework yet ? -Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish