高考英语二轮复习第三部分题型强化训练专题一阅读理解第2课时高瞻远瞩-锁定主旨大意类题目课件.ppt

第2课时高瞻远瞩 锁定主旨大意类题目 怎么考主旨大意类题目主要考查全文的主旨大意 段落的中心思想 作者的写作目的和文章标题 常见的设问方式有 1 Themainidea keypointofthispassageisthat 2 Thepassageismainlyabout 3 Thebesttitle headlineforthispassageis 4 Thetopic subjectdiscussedinthispassageis 5 Fromthepassagewecanlearn concludethat 6 Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith 7 Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage 8 Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage 怎么学在平时的阅读练习中 注意文章的体裁 把握作者的写作目的与思路 学会抓主题句 主题段 关注文章的首段 尾段 每段的首句和尾句等 另外 掌握略读与细读的基本技巧 学会积累 寻找关键词像themostimportant finally等 像概括类词therefore inaword等 怎么解做此类题目时做到 1 高瞻远瞩 不可以偏概全 不可以个人的思想代替作者的思想 2 在了解全文大意的基础上 仔细考虑选项内容与文章主题有没有联系 3 看选项内容对文章概括得是否正确 4 要注意选项中所给出的题目范围是否过大或过小 要避免以下三种错误 概括不够 过度概括 以事实细节替代概括性强的大意 5 找主题句的四个小窍门 1 段落中出现表转折的词语 如however but infact actually while onthecontrary incontrast等 时 其后的句子很可能是主题句 2 首段出现疑问句时 对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句 3 作者有意识地反复强调的观点 通常是主旨 反复出现的词语 一般为体现文章主旨的关键词 4 表示总结或结论的词或短语有therefore thus inshort conclude inconclusion等 典例剖析1 体裁 议论文话题 睡眠词数 248时间 7 2016 四川卷 D Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight ssleep Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff ifitismilkedfromacowatnight Researchershavediscoveredthat nightmilk containsmoremelatonin 褪黑激素 whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety Thestudy byresearchersfromSeoul SouthKorea involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight Thosegivennightmilk whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime accordingtothestudypublishedinTheJournalofMedicinalFood Nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger Whiletheeffectofcowsmilkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonow takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent whichhelpspeopletorelax Milkisalsosugar freeandadditive freewithnutritionistsrecommendingskimmedmilkasthebestchoicebeforebedasitistheleastfattening Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight 语篇解读 这是一篇科普文章 好多人有晚上睡觉前喝一杯热牛奶的习惯 认为有助于睡眠 但是现在 一项研究发现如果是夜间挤的奶 它确实帮助人们睡眠 1 Accordingtothetext themicefedwithdaytimemilk A startedsleepmoreeasilyB weremoreanxiousC werelessactiveD wokeuplater答案B 细节理解题 根据文章第四段 Thosegivennightmilk whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime 可知喝白天挤的牛奶的老鼠比喝夜间挤的牛奶的老鼠更容易焦躁 2 Whichofthefollowingistrueofmelatoninaccordingtothetext A It sbeentestedonmicefortentimes B Itcanmakepeoplemoreenergetic C Itexistsinmilkingreatamount D It susedinsleepingdrugs 答案D 是非判断题 根据第六段中的 takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight 可知 褪黑激素已经制成药物供那些难以入睡的人服用 3 Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext A NightMilkandSleepB FatSugarandHealthC AnExperimentonMiceD MilkDrinkingandHealth答案A 主旨大意题 文章主要说明了喝夜间挤的牛奶与睡眠之间的关系 所以选项A是文章的最佳标题 4 Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext A Bygivingexamples B Bystatingarguments C Byexplainingstatisticaldata D Byprovidingresearchresults 答案D 篇章结构题 详读全文 可以看出作者是通过提供研究成果来支持文章主题的 故选D项 典例剖析2 体裁 议论文话题 消息传播词数 347时间 8 2016 全国卷 D Badnewssells Ifitbleeds itleads Nonewsisgoodnews andgoodnewsisnonews Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers Butnowthatinformationisbeingspreadandmonitored 监控 indifferentways researchersarediscoveringnewrules Bytrackingpeople se mailsandonlineposts scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories The ifitbleeds ruleworksformassmedia saysJonahBerger ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania Theywantyoureyeballsanddon tcarehowyou refeeling Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends youcarealotmorehowtheyreact Youdon twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner Researchersanalyzingword of mouthcommunication e mails Webpostsandreviews face to faceconversations foundthatittendedtobemorepositivethannegative 消极的 butthatdidn tnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositivenews Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybecausepeopleexperiencedmoregoodthingsthanbadthings Totestforthatpossibility Dr Bergerlookedathowpeoplespreadaparticularsetofnewsstories thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimes website HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe moste mailed listforsixmonths Oneofhisfirstfindswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikelytomakethelistthannon sciencearticles HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes readersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothers Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad Theyneededtobearoused 激发 onewayortheother andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad Themorepositiveanarticle themorelikelyitwastobeshared asDr Bergerexplainsinhisnewbook Contagious WhyThingsCatchOn 语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文 研究表明好消息要比坏消息在网络上传播的更快 更广 5 Whatdotheclassicrulesmentionedinthetextapplyto A Newsreports B Researchpapers C Privatee mails D Dailyconversations 答案A 细节理解题 根据首段中的Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers 可知 这些规则适用于新闻报道 故选A 6 WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner A They resociallyinactive B They regoodattellingstories C They reinconsiderateofothers D They recarefulwiththeirwords 答案C 细节理解题 根据第二段最后两句可知 像DebbieDowner那样的人是不替别人着想的 故选C 7 Whichtendedtobethemoste mailedaccordingtoDr Berger sresearch A Sportsnews B Sciencearticles C Personalaccounts D Financialreviews 答案B 细节理解题 根据第三段最后两句可知 人们更愿意发送一些科学类的文章 故选B 8 Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext A SadStoriesTravelFarWide B OnlineNewsAttractsMorePeople C ReadingHabitsChangewiththeTimes D GoodNewsBeatsBadonSocialNetworks 答案D 文章标题题 文章主要表明了通过研究证明了好消息要比坏消息在网络上传播的更快 更广 故选D