2014高考英语阅读专题-熟悉阅读常考点提高答题准确率.doc

2014暑假班高考英语阅读专题-熟悉阅读常考点提高答题准确率【技巧策略支招】 独立性原则1.比较，对比处常考 2.转折关系处常考 3.列举处常考 4.果关系处常考 5.开头结尾处常考 6.技巧巩固训练方法指导：1快速阅读文章，标注常考点标志词2.阅读题干和选项找准文章定位词3.核对答案和原文表达，发现同意替代词。（转换法，语义对等法）4.结合文章主题主旨大意，确定答案1.比较，对比处常考 比较关系出现的地方，十之八九都会有考题出现，当然这里的比较关系及包括了比较级也包括了最高级。原因很简单，比较关系涉及几个事物之间的比较，能够很好地说明事物的特征，这样的句子，对于出题老师来说具有很大的诱惑力。比较，对比处常有unlike, on the contrary, similarly, while, still，instead，nevertheless， on the other hand，not.but，rather than，in contrast，等表示比较含义的词或者形容词，副词的比较级在行文中出现。命题模式如下;文中说A如何，B与A不同。问题是B怎么样？真题实例 1 Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help. 【安徽卷】2012 B62. What color might help lose weight according to the text?A. Red B. Green. C. Blue. D. Purple.真题实例2 For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages. Distances between them appear no greater to a modem traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago. 【江西卷】2012D71. What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1?A. Travel by plane has speeded up the growth of villages.B. The speed of modern travel has made distances relatively short.C. The freedom of movement has helped people realize their dreams.D. Man has been fond of traveling rather than staying in one place.2.转折关系处常考 转折处常常是语义的重点，命题常常要涉及到。我们在听力中经常听到某个男孩子约女孩子出去玩，女孩子一般回答。Id love to， but I am busy now.显然强调的不是Id love to而是but I am busy now. 阅读中也是一样。出现yet，but/ however/ whereas/in fact等表示转折的词引导的语句往往成为细节题的出题点。读到but时，应该能预见到下一句与上一句的意思相反，考生应该将该词用笔做好标记，以节省回读查找的时间。真题实例1 “Dad will be really mad if he finds out youve been playing with his new computer.” Jason said, “ He told us not to touch it.”“ He wont find out,” Mark said. “Ill just have a quick look and shut it down. “Mark had been scolded before for touching his fathers equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him. 【江西卷】2012A56. Why did Mark touch the computer against his fathers warning?A. He wanted to take a voyage. B. He wanted to practice his skill.C. He was so much attracted by it. D. He was eager to do an experiment.真题实例2 I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known. I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help. After all, I was a teenage girl, and I couldnt bear people to look at me and think I was not like them. I must have been a terrible danger on the roads. Coming across me wandering through the traffic, motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their brakes. Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work. 【广东卷】2012C36. The girl refused to ask for help because she thought _.A. she might be recognizedB. asking for help looked sillyC. she was normal and independentD. being found blind was embarrassing3.列举处常考列举处指的是firstly , secondly thirdly For example, for instance ,such as ,that is(to say)，in other words，namely, i.e等逐条列出，并列指的是ABC逐项列出，或者在总分论述处列举，这种列举没有明显的第一第二等词汇，需要考生自己标注。它们的共同特征是列出三点或三点以上的条目。该类型语言的常考题型是“细节性问题”，主要有两种： Which型：该题型只要求从并列的三项中选一项作为答案，其他选项与题目无关。 Except型：该题型要求考生通过核对文章内容，排除满足文章内容的三个选项而留下一个选项作为答案，通常称为“三缺一”题型。 常见的表示列举的标志词：other than, in addition, besides ,also , moreover,等真题实例 Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was almost financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen. 【山东卷】2012A59.Which of the following was a cause of Naurus financial problem?A.Its leaders misused the money. B.It spent too much repairing the island.C.Its phosphate mining cost much money. D.It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.4.因果关系处常考 句子含有如下结构或词汇的称为因果句：1.因果的连词或副词because/for/since/so/as a result，thus， therefore，hence，consequently，accordingly，等2.表示因果的动词：cause, result in ,originate from, result from等3.表示因果的名词：result, consequence等这些因果句都是指明两件事件的内在的因果关系，尤为命题者所青睐，一篇文章中出现等表示原因抑或结果的词引导的语句，往往含金量非常高，是出题老师出细节题或者细节性推理判断题的最爱。真题实例Red can cause a persons blood pressure to rise and increase peoples appetites（食欲）. Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a persons eye. 【安徽卷】2012 B61. Why will many commercial websites have a red “Buy Now” button?A. To relax people physically. B. To increase peoples appetites.C. To encourage people to make a purchase. D. To cause a persons blood pressure to rise.5.开头结尾常考 在高中阶段，我们常见的文章体裁有三种，分别是记叙文、说明文、议论文。记叙文开头交待文章的时间、地点、人物关系，结尾往往总结出文章的主旨抑或有几句含金量很高的句子，可以作为推断题细节题滋生的天然土壤。说明文开头总写，每段第一句话总写该段段意，最后一段下结论，总结全文。议论文开头引出话题抑或提出论点，最后一段总结论点。从中同学们可以看出，无论是记叙文、说明文、议论文，文章中最重要最帅气的段落，往往是开头结尾，所以对于开头结尾我们一定要认真理解，尤其是文章中的最后一段的最后一句话。真题实例：All were there to explore the ocean depths and to make plans for the use of its resources. Scientists hope to find enough mineral， vegetable， and animal wealth there to provide food for the entire world. 1. The author wants to tell us_. A. that scientists try to measure the ocean depths B. that scientists try to make use of resources C. that the plant and animal life in the ocean remain unknown D. that scientists try to explore life in the ocean and make use of it这是一道主旨题，通过文章的最后一段我们可以知道，利用综合选项原则和包含项原则，发现选项是.选项的综合，所以.选项正确的概率比较高。真题实例A MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth. Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.Alex Goldberg, the programs founder, said; We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook. 【2013福建卷】EWe try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth. For example, weve secured internships (实习) with world-famous firms such as Honda.75.What would be the best tide for the passage?A.Alex Goldberg, Founder of Young Inspirations B.Young People Find a World of OpportunityC.Kieran, Banbury School Pupil to Paris D.Debates Help Youth with Their Grades6.技巧巩固训练训练1 Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ (智商) scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample (样本) of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s, taking account of parental education, family income, a childs sex and age, the mothers health and feeding style. These results dont surprise me. Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels. 【广东卷】2012B34. What does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demand?A. The baby will sleep well. B. The baby will have its brain harmed.C. The baby will have a low blood sugar level. D. The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.训练2Having been an immigrant (移民) myself, I admire people who go overseas to find a job. Maybe if I lived in an inner city where unemployment was high, Id think differently, but I believe foreign settlers have improved this country because theyre more open-minded and often work harder than the natives. 52. How does Debi look at the foreign settlers? A. Cautiously. B. Positively. C. Sceptically. D. Critically. 训练3 In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the worn-out bridge. Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced. The faded sign was repainted and in July 1983, hundreds of animal lovers attended the completion ceremony of the new bridge.Peters died in 1984, and a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project. 【山东卷】2012 C70.Which of the following is true of the squirrel bridge?A. It was replaced by a longer one.B. It was built from wood and metal.C. It was rebuilt after years of use. D. It was designed by Bill Hutch.训练4A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.” 【北京卷】2012 C64. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _.A. keep rewards better in their memory B. recall consequences more effortlesslyC. make risky decisions more frequently D. learn a subject more effectively