time相关从属连词高考常考点.doc

time相关从属连词高考常考点英语中用于引导状语从句的从属连词很多，但本文只介绍以下几个含有time的从属连词，一方面是因为它们在用法上有许多共同点，另一方面是因为它们是高考英语的一个常考考点。一、every time 每次Every time I call on him, he is out. 我每次去访问他，他都不在。Every time I see her, Ill think of it. 每次我看到她，我就想起这事。二、each time 每次Each time I went there, I saw him working. 我每次去那儿都看见他在工作。He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他讲话，他都感到紧张。三、any time 随时You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。四、(the) next time 下次Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来，请关门。Next time youre in London, come and visit us. 你下次来伦敦过来探望我们。Do look me up the next time youre in London. 你下次到伦敦来，一定来找我。五、(the) last time 上次He didnt tell me the last time I saw him. 我上次见到他时他没告诉我。Last time I saw him, he looked ill. 上次我见到他的时候，他好像病了。The last time we talked he said he needed another two days. 上次我们谈话时，他说他还需要两天。六、the first time 第一次The first time I heard their music I was very much surprised. 我初次听他们的音乐时大为惊讶。The first time I heard about the firm closing down was when George told me. 我最初听到公司倒闭的消息是乔治告诉我的。注意：every time, each time, any time前习惯上不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词习惯上不能省略。如下面这道上海高考题，其答案是C，不是A：I thought her nice and honest_ I met her.A. first time B. for the first timeC. the first time D. by the first time名词性that从句的难点分析名词性从句，指的是在句法上所起的作用与名词所起的作用相同的那些从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。能引导名词性从句的引导词很多，但用得最多，且能同时引导这四类名词性从句的首选that从句。同学们在使用名词性that从句时，应特别注意以下几点：一、名词性that从句的功能特点that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。如：That he will come is certain. 他将来，这是肯定无疑的。(that 从句用作主语)I noticed that he spoke English fluently. 我注意到他说英语很流利。(that 从句用作宾语)The problem is that we havent got enough money. 问题就是我们还没有足够多的钱。(that 从句用作表语)The fact that he loves Mary is clear to everyone. 他喜欢玛丽这一事实是人人都清楚的。(that 从句用作同位语)二、名词性that从句用作介词宾语在一般情况下，名词性that从句不能用作介词的宾语，如不能说：They were worried over that you were sick.(误)He must face up to that he is no longer young. (误)Theres no getting away from that the countrys economy is suffering.(误)关于这一问题，请注意以下几点：1. that引导的宾语从句一般不用作介词宾语，但可用于介词except, but, in 等少数几个介词的宾语。如：The film is very good except that the ending is a little sad. 这部电影很不错，只是结尾有点让人伤心。But that he has a family, he would have left here long ago. 要不是他有一个家，他老早就会离开英国了。2. 除 except, but, in 等几少数几个介词外，其他介词后若要接that从句作宾语，则通常在介词后先接名词the fact 作宾语，然后再后接that从句用作the fact 的同位语。如上面的几个误可分别改为：They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。He must face up to the fact that he is no longer young. 他应该勇于正视自己不再年轻这一事实。Theres no getting away from the fact that the countrys economy is suffering. 国家经济疲软，这一事实无法回避。3. 在少数情况下，介词后接that从句作宾语时，可采用“介词+it +that从句”这样的结构，it 被看作是that的先行词。如：You may depend on it that tomorrow will be fine. 你可以指望明天天晴。See to it that everything is ready in time. 务必要把一切都及时准备好。注：有时还可以用于“动词+it+that从句”这样的结构。如：I take it that they will succeed. 我认为他会成功。三、引导词that的省略情况that引导名词性从句时，是连接词，本身没有意义，也不作任何句子成分，引导宾语从句时可以省略，不过引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般不省略。但是请注意以下几种情况：1. 由that引导的主语从句放在句首时，that不省略。但是，当主语从句位于句尾，而用it来做它的形式主语时，that是可以省略的。如人教社高二英语(下册)就有这样一句：Its a pity you missed the sports meeting last week. 你错过了上周的运动会，真是遗憾。2. 引导表语从句的that通常不省略，但在非正式语体中有时也可以省略。如人教社初中英语第三册就有这么一例：The only problem is you cant eat trees! 唯一的问题是，你不能吃树子。3. 在通常情况下，引导宾语从句的that是可以省略的，但也并不是说它在任何情况下都可以省略。如以下各例中的that就不宜省略：Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. (and 连接两个名词性从句，that从句放在and后面时，that不能省略)I know nothing about him except that he is a student.(that 引导的宾语从句做介词宾语时，that不能省略)We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been called off.（如果宾语从句有补足语，用it作形式宾语时，that不省略）He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine. (当that从句和主句谓语动词之间或从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略)四、that引导同位语从句和引导定语从句时的区别1.从句法功能上来看：同位语从句中连接词that在从句中不作句子成分，也没有词汇含义，只起连接作用，其作用大致相当于一个冒号；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，且在句中充当句子的成分(主语或宾语)。如：I hold the belief that where there is a will, there is a way. (that引导的是同位语从句，它在从句中不充当句子成分)The letter that I received yesterday was from my sister. (that引导的是定语从句，它在从句中充当宾语)2.从意义上来看：同位语从句所表达的内容与作为中心词的名词所表达的内容是一样的，两者之间可以划等号；而定语从句则是限制或修饰中心词的，中心词所表达的内容不等于定语从句所表达的内容。如：He told me the news that his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day. (that引导的是同位语从句，其中the news = his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day)This is the factory that we visited last month. (that引导的是定语从句，其中 the factory we visited last month.)3.从中心名词上来看：同位语从句中的中心名词常是一些表示概括意义的抽象名词，这类名词有fact, idea, view, thought, order, suggestion, news, truth, hope, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, problem, proof, question 等。而定语从句中的中心名词是没有限定的。如：4.从是否可省略that来看：引导同位语从句的连词that一般不能省略，而在定语从句中，that作宾语时，可以省略。另外，引导定语从句的that若指事物，它可以用which来代替，而在同位语从句中，that 永远不能用which替代。