高考英语语法系列详解.doc

上传人:jian****018 文档编号:8330087 上传时间:2020-03-28 格式:DOC 页数:30 大小:137KB
返回 下载 相关 举报
高考英语语法系列详解.doc_第1页
第1页 / 共30页
高考英语语法系列详解.doc_第2页
第2页 / 共30页
高考英语语法系列详解.doc_第3页
第3页 / 共30页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述
第一部分 句子结构小结一、 英语语句基本结构分析:(一)主谓宾结构: 1、主语:主语是句子表达的主体,即 “谁,什么”。可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意可数单数名词不单用)! eg: The boy comes from America. He made a speech. Tow and tow is four. To be a teacher is my dream. Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story. 2、谓语:谓语由动词构成,是表达主语做什么或如何的动词。 是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,也可以是及物动词(vt)构成主谓宾句。也可以是及物动词构成主谓宾结构。英语中大多数动词兼有及物和不及物的功能,如hope , wish,enter 等,但有的动词只作不及物动词如 come, go, happen ,take place 等,而有的动词只能作vt,如 spend ,want 等。 对于动词的掌握应首先从此入手,从句子中观察,对于重点动词如大纲要求的动词则要要需要查词典找资料弄明白它的详细用法。1)及物还是不及物,2)不及物接哪个介词后可以接逻辑宾语;及物又是如何接宾语的。 eg: He entered. He entered the room . He returned. He returned my book. 注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如:take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去,如:come, go 等) 3、宾语:(1)宾语位于及物动词之后,是回答动词“谁,什么“的部分,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是代词宾格,如:me,him,them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语。 eg:I will do it tomorrow. The boy needs a pen. I like swimming. I like to swim this afternoon. (2)直接宾语和间接宾语: 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。 eg: Give me a cup of tea, please. 强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。eg:Show this house to Mr.Smith.Mr. 4. 宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。 (A)名词/代词宾格 + 名词 The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士. (B)名词/代词宾格 + 形容词 New methods make the job easy.新方法使这项工作变得轻松. (C)名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语 I often find him at work.我经常发现他在工作. (D)名词/代词宾格 + 副词What kept him abroad . 什么使得他呆在国外呢?(E)名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式 The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户. (F)名词/代词宾格 + 分词 I saw a cat running across the road.我看见一只猫跑过了马路. His mother kept him locked at home and went out . 及物动词宾语的问题1特殊的同源宾语现象: live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run等 如: fight a fight , dream a dream , living a happy life died a sudden death laugh a foolish laugh;smile a forced smile breathed his last(breath)(前有最高级可以省略。) etc.2. 某些及物动词后只能接不定式作宾语,不能接动名词作宾语. 这类动词有:(无需记忆) hope offer help expect learn demand decide refuse ask prepare plan choose manage pretend fail wish agree 等. 3. 某些及物动词后只能跟动名词作宾语,不能跟不定式作宾语.这类动词有( 务必想法记住) 特殊动词接“动名”,使用它们要记清, “放弃”“享受”可“后悔”, “坚持”“练习”必“完成”, “延期”“避免”非“介意” 掌握它们今必行。建议冒险去献身,忍受期待不停顿; 放弃延期悔失去,坚持欣赏实践成; 注意原谅避反对,考虑要求不自禁; 允许习惯不介意,价值开始想动名。 如:建议:advise,suggest,冒险:risk,献身:devoteoneselftomind suggest avoid excuse finish allow admit resist missenjoy consider imagine advise permit prevent delay appreciate give up put off feel like consist on cant help consider , cant help , cant stand enjoy, excuse, escape practise , put off mind risk , 等有些动词须以动名词宾语,它们可用“MP4Rcafdisk” 来记,即“ 宪兵带着4把手枪,在咖啡馆里看光盘” (把字母r想象成手枪)M 指 mind,miss,mention WhenImentionplayingfootball,hesayshestoobusy.Hejustmissedbeingrunoverbyatruck. P 指 prevent,permit,postpone,pardon,practice Wedontpermitsmokingintheoffice. Practicethrowingtheballintothenet. 4R 指 risk,resist,resent, resume: Informingthetruthrisksdestroyingthepatientshope. Jillcouldntresistmakingjokesabouthisbaldness. Nursesmaybitterlyresenthavingtotakepartindeceivingpatients. Sherman resumed walking toward First Avenue. c 指 consider,contemplate wereconsideringgoingtoUSA. Idontcontemplate( 预料 )himopposingmyplan. a 指 admit,avoid,appreciate,anticipate Headmittedhavingdonewrong. Iappreciatehearingfromyouagain. Weanticipatederivingmuchinstructionfromthelecture. f 指 face,fancy,finish Fancyhisbeingsorude! 想不到他会如此粗鲁。 e 指 excuse,enjoy,escape Heescapedbeingpunished. Excusemyinterruptingyou.d 指 delay,defer,deny,dispute (不同意),detest (痛恨) Shedefers (暂缓) makingadecision. Whyhaveyoudelayedopeningtheschool. Hedenied( 否认 )knowinganythingaboutit. i 指 imagine,involve IcantimaginelivinganywherebutAustralia. ThejobinvolvesmelivinginLondon. s 指 suggest Isuggestedtakingthechildrentothezoo. k 指 keep Theinsertskeepreproducingthemselves.4. 某些动词后既可以接不定式又可以接动名词,其意义差别不大,可以互换.这类动词有: like love hate dislike begin start continue 等. 有 16 个动词既可以动名词宾语,也可用不定式作宾语,意思基本不变。因为接动名词、不定式均可,情况又变得简单起来,只需记住一句话就行,即:(口诀三)双方一旦开始 (begin,start) ,无论喜欢 (like,prefer) 与否 (hate,dislike) ,都得继续 (continue) 下去。都不能打算( intend , attempt,propose )忽视( neglect )开始( commence )的爱( love )。习惯 (beaccustomto) 也好,害怕 (afraidtodoofdoing) 也好,难以容忍 (cantbear) 也好。Imafraidtotelloftellingher. Shecantbeartogetgettinghercoatdirty. Heisaccustomtoworktoworkinghard.5. 某些动词如: allow permit forbid advise continue 等后面必须接动名词作宾语,但也可以接不定式的复合宾语本句为被动语态,后面的非谓语动词为补足语6. 某些动词或词组后接动名词主动形式表被动意义这类动词有:need want require be worth 等7. 某些动词如:remember forget regret try stop, mean, go on, propose(不:打算,想要;动:建议 ) 接doing 和接to do 表达不同的意思,要分别牢记. 8. 下面动词后接doing 表达完成的意思. forget , remember; regret ; admit 9. 用于双宾语句型的动词:write bring fetch give hand leavelendmaketaketell wishpasspay promise read sell send show sing teach如果谓语动词是下列动词, 直接宾语放在宾语之前, 应加介词for. build buy choose cook cut do draw find get savemake sing sth to/for sb注意。学会提炼动词接宾语的简单的句型. 1. + sb ; 2 + sth ; 3+ sb to do 4+ sb sth 5 +sth for sb 6+ sth to sb 7+that clause8+ wh-clause 9+ wh-to do 10+ sb +介 11+ sb + clause 12+ sb/ sth + n/adj/adv/ prep/-ing/ed/(to) do等补语 13.+sb/sth+ adv.短语动词。动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词(Phrasal Verb)。例如:Turn off the radio.把收音机关上。(turn off是短语动词)短语动词的构成基本有下列几种:() 动词介词常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:Dont laugh at others.I didnt care about it.() 动词副词常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:Youll hand in your homework tomorrow.Please dont forget to hand it in.() 动词副词介词常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:All his money added up to no more than $100.After a short rest, he went on with his research work.() 动词名词介词常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:You should pay attention to your handwriting.We should make full use of our time.() 动词形容词常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如: The prisoners were set free.He cut it open.() 动词名词常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:This story took place three years ago.I make friends with a lot of peopl(二)主系表结构: 1、主语:同主谓宾结构。 2、谓语:联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如:“变得; 保持;。起来”等。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。 3、表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。(1)当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,注意与动宾关系的区别。 eg: He became a teacher at last. His face turned red. (2)感官动词多可用作联系动词意思是“。起来” eg: He looks well.他面色好。 It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。 I feel good.我感觉好。 The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。 例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy (三)There be 结构: 与have 比较 .注意不存在 there have 1)There be 表示存在有。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词there那里混淆。 此结构后跟名词,表示(存在)有某事物 试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词那里。 2)There be 的各时态形式3) There be 的不定式和ing形式为: there to be ; there being 二、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用的表示。 定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。 (一)形容词作定语: The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。 (二)数词作定语相当于形容词: Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 (三)形容词性物主代词或名词所有格作定语: His boy needs Toms pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。 (四)介词短语作定语: The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。 (五)名词作定语: The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。 副词作定语: The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。 不定式作定语: The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。 (六)分词(短语)作定语: The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。 (七)定语从句: The boy who is reading needs a pen.那个在阅读的男孩需要一支钢笔。 关于后置定语的问题1. some, any, anything, nobody, somewhere, nothing等词的修饰语要后置2. else修饰somebody, what, who, something 时,要后置3.不定式短语,动名词短语,分词短语,介词短语做定语要后置4. proper(本身),present(在场的,出席的), involved(有关的), concerned相关的),(left 剩下的), objecting (反对的), mentioned (提及的), selected (当选的)等词做定语要后置5. a-开头的形容词做定语要后置如:alike, alive, alone, asleep三、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。 有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成男孩喊教室里的女孩(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为男孩在教室里喊女孩(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作In the classroom, the boy calls the girl. (一)副词(短语)作状语: The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语) The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置) The boy needs a pen now./Now, the boy needs a pen./The boy, now, needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语) (二)介词短语作状语: In the classroom, the boy needs a pen.在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语) Before his mother, Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语) (三)分词(短语)作状语: He sits there, asking for a pen.他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态) Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen.因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语) (四)不定式作状语: The boy needs a pen to do his homework.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语) (五)名词作状语: Come this way!走这条路!(方向状语) (六)状语从句: 时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,目的状语从句,比较状语从句,让步状语从句,条件状语从句 六、同位语:同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如: We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批学生) We all are students. (all是we的同位语,都指同样的我们) 七、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。 感叹词:oh, hello, aha, ah,等。肯定词yes否定词no称呼语:称呼人的用语。插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 如: The story, I think, has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束. 情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语) perhaps 也许,maybe大概,actually实际上,certainly当然,等。 八、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。 例:错句:Studying hard, your score will go up. 正确:(1) Studying hard, you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up. 解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score . 显然做study的应是人,不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了). 分词独立结构常省略being, having been.不过There being.的场合不能省略. : Game (being) over, he went home. He stands there, book (being) in hand. 独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。 如: With nothing to do, he fell asleep soon.无事可做,他很快就睡着了。 The teacher came in, with glasses on his nose.老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!) 第二部分 时态1.记住与各时态相关的“特征词”2.表示“将来”的几种形式及基本区别:shall will be going to +动词原形be to do sth.be +coming (leaving, starting, reaching, returning. be about to do sth.3.用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的表达:A. should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时态B. was / were going to do sth.(用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么)C. was / were going to have done sth.表示未完成原来的计划和安排D. expect , intend , hope , mean , plan , promise , suppose , think , want , wish常用过去完成时态. 在这些词后接宾语从句或者接不定式的一般形式;或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望 E. wish that had done sth.表示过去未曾实现的愿望F.情态动词should ,would, could, might, ought to等后接不定式的完成时,表示过去本该做,打算做,想做而未做的事情G. had better / would rather + 不定式的完成时,表示一种过去的愿望常译为“当初最好当初真该”4. 完成时态中瞬间动词的处理方法:A. 不和表示一段时间的时间状语连用 B. 将瞬间动词变成状态动词C. 换用句型It is. since did5. 复合句中的时态问题:A.主句是现在时态,从句可是任意时态B.主句是将来时态,条件状语从句中只能用现在时态C.主句是过去时态,从句只能是过去的时态6. 情景中的时态问题这是近几年高考中时态考察的重点关键是要对所提供的情景进行仔细认真的分析善于找到判断时态的依据7与时态有关的几个特殊句型1)It / This / That is + 最高级 + n. + 定语从句” 2). “It / This / That is the first / second / third. time + that从句” 3. )“It is / has been + 一段时间 + since从句” 4. “主语 + was / were + doing. when.” /“主语+had done. when ”5. “主语 + was / were about to do. when”或 “主语 + was / were on the point of doing. when” 6. “Hardly / Scarcelyhad + 主语 + 过去分词. + when.” 或“No sooner had + 主语 + 过去 分词. + than.” 7. “It be 一段时间 before从句” It will be two years before he comes back from abroad. 两年以后, 他才会从国外回来。 It was some time before we realized the truth. (2005年山东卷) 一段时间以后, 我们才意识到事实的真相。 8. “祈使句 + and / or / otherwise + 陈述句” 此句型中, 陈述句谓语用一般将来时。本结构中的祈使句也可以用一个名词短语来代替。如: Use your head and youll find a way. 动动脑筋, 你就会想出办法。 Hurry up or youll be late. 快点, 否则你会迟到的。 Stop smoking otherwise youll be in poor health. 不要吸烟了, 否则你的身体会不健康的。 A few years more and well fulfill our dream of going to college. 再过几年, 我们就会实现上大学的梦想。8. 动词时态题的解题方一 把握时间信息 ,关注上下文的时态。动词的时态应该和时间状语保持一致高考试题常根据题干中已知的时间状语选择合适时态,且常在题干中加入具体的情景因此正确解答此类试题的方法是:把握时间信息,结合语境,选择正确的时态 1. I dont suppose the police know who did it. (2006江苏卷) Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and_now. A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned 分析: 根据句中的时间状语now的提示,此处应排除AD两项,用现在进行时由a man与question之间存在被动关系可知,此处应用被动语态B 2. My friend, who_on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. (2006浙江卷) A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served 分析: 根据句中的时间状语all his life来判断,此处应用完成时态根据主句的谓语动词is retiring(将要退休)也可进一步印证应用现在完成时态,故答案为D 二 遵循呼应原则 高考试题经常从复合句(例如含状语从句名词性从句)中的主从句时态呼应的角度命题正确解答此类试题的方法是:根据时态呼应的原则来解题 3. I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he_on it for more than an hour. (2006湖北卷) A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked 分析: 在时间条件状语从句中谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示主句的将来时,一般过去时表示过去将来时,现在完成时表示将来完成时此题中until引导的是一个时间状语从句,遵循如上呼应原则,答案为A 4. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they_without me. (2005江西卷) A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone 分析: 本题考查的是宾语从句的时态在名词性从句中,如果主句动词为现在时或一般将来时,则从句动词可用所需的任何时态;若主句动词为过去时,则从句动词用相应的过去时态(客观真理除外)遵循如上的呼应原则,可排除BC两项,根据句意:我原以为他们两个早已经走了(“走”这个动作发生于“原以为”之前),可知答案为D 三 体会分析语境 近几年的时态命题往往都设置隐含时间状语,也就是将时间隐含在上下句或前后句的动词中,这也是近几年高考命题的热点,应予以高度重视正确解答此类试题的方法是: 准确破译题干信息,寻找参照时间,根据具体的语境并结合所获得的语言知识和语言经验来选择正确答案 5. Thank goodness, youre here!What_you? Traffic jam. (2004全国卷4) A. keeps B. is keeping C. had kept D. kept 分析: 本题的情景是:两人约好见面,一人姗姗来迟,见面后另一人松了口气:“谢天谢地,你终于来了!”他接着追问其迟到的理由,因为他已到那儿了,“keep”这个动作只能是发生在过去,谓语动词应该用一般过去时 6. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language_ ? (2005全国卷3) A. did they speak B. were they speaking C. are they speaking D. have they been speaking 分析: 根据前一分句中的谓语动词(listen)可知,此时两个女孩正在交谈,所以答案为C 四 利用座标图 有些时态(例如过去完成时态过去将来时态)是相对的时态,涉及到两个动作的对比,正确解答此类试题的方法是:利用座标图标出不同动作发生的时间先后顺序,有助于快速提取信息,理清脉络,从而找到正确答案 7. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he_for the wedding. (2006全国卷2) A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned 分析: 此题中主句的动作(spent)发生在过去(Past)某一点时间上,而than-clause的动作(plan)发生在“过去的过去”,亦即在Before这个时间点就已经计划好了,故答案为D图解如下: 8. In a room above the store, where a party_ , some workers were busily setting the table. (2006湖南卷) A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held 分析: 根据some workers were busily setting the table判断,聚会还没举行,应用将来时态,且整个句子用了过去时,所以此处应用过去将来时态A图解如下: 五 牢记句型中的固定时态 高考试题有时考查一些句型中的固定时态正确解答此类试题的方法是:识别句型,牢记规则 9. Did Linda see the traffic accident? (2006天津卷) No, no sooner_than it happened. A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone 分析: “no sooner . than .”为固定句型,表示“一就”,no sooner后的谓语动词用过去完成时,than从句中谓语动词用一般过去时,故答案为A 10. I_along the street looking for a place to park when the accident_ . (2006安徽卷) A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred 分析: “be doing . when .”为固定句型,表示“正在突然(就在这时候)”,故答案为C 11. Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I _ here. (NMET 92) A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 分析: 在固定句型“It / This / That + be + the first / second time + that .”中,从句中要用完成时如果主句动词为is,that从句中一律用现在完成时;当主句动词为was时,that从句中用过去完成时故答案为B 12. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I_a good drink. (MET 88) A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying 分析: 在固定句型“It + be + 段时间 + since .”中,如果主句谓语动词为现在时(is),那么从句中要用过去时;如果主句谓语动词为过去时(was),那么从句中要用过去完成时,故答案为A 当然,任何一种解题方法都不是孤立的万能的,更多的时候需双管齐下,才能达到预期的目的 第三部分被动语态 1、基本用法,形式 be done及其时态 ( be 变分词看)2、注意几个有用句型It is reported that据报道 It is said that据说It is believed that大家相信 It is suggested that有人建议3、五看:look at,see, watch,notice,observe 二听:hear,listen to 一感觉:feel 三使役:let,have,make 半(个)帮助:help(后面可跟to,也可不跟to,所以称半个help感官动词fell, watch, hear see等和使役动词let, have, make和动词help在主动句中,其宾语补足语都不带to,但在变为被动语态时,必须加上to。主动:The policeman noticed him cross the street.警察注意到了他横穿马路。被动:He was noticed to cross the street by the policeman.3、带有宾语的动词短语,本身是个不可分割的词组,变为被动句时,必须保持动词短语的完整性,切不可丢掉其中的介词或副词。如:They listened to the music carefully.The music was carefully listened to by them.哪些动词不能用于被动语态?不能用于被动语态常见动词有:become(适合),suit, fit last(持续), cost, catch, get(懂得), take(懂得), hold(容纳), have, own, lack, weigh. break ones word(失信), eat ones word(认错道歉), kill time(消磨时光), take place(发生)等。happen发生;cost花费;take花费;have有belong to 属于 last 持续。2)、以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词,如:look, feel, smell等。还有表示事物属性的不及物动词,如 write, read, wash sell 等。The flower smells sweet.The watch looks good.This book sells well. 第四部分 情态动词主要用法【表示能力】can to able to这两个都可以表示能力。can指单纯的表示一个人有某种能力。而be able to则表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事。另外be able to还可以用于各种时态;can只能用于现在或过去(could)。【表示许可】can ( could ) may ( might ) 可以表示许可。用它们的过去式,则语气更加委婉、客气。can主要用于第一、二人称。may主要用于第一人称。注意:用May I征求对方的许可比较正式,语气比较客气;而用Can I.常用于口语中。【表示必须】must have to ought to should都可以表示必须、应该、必要。但它们用法各异。 must表示要做什么的愿望是发自内心的主动的; have to指要做某事是被动的受某种压力而为的; ought to表示应该、理应做什么; should表示应该多含有责备之一。【表示虚拟】 should用在表示请求、建议、命令等次后面的从句中,should可以省略。也可以用在if引导的条件状语从句中表示与将来事实可能相反。would用在含有if引导的条件状语从句的主句中。也可以用其它情态动词。【其它情态动词的用法】 need 作为情态动词表示“需要、必须”,仅用于否定句或疑问句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should代替。 dare 作为情态动词主要用于疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句中,一般不用于肯定句中。 I dare say 是一个固定搭配。表示“我猜测,可能、或许”后面一般跟从句。 shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见(说话人做某事)。用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 will一般用于第二人称表示请求、建议对方做某事;如果用would语气就更加委婉。 也可以表示意愿、愿望和决心。 had better“最好做什么” would rather“宁愿做什么情态动词表示“推测”的用法情态动词表示“推测”时,要记住“三种推测两种形式”。 三种推测:对过去发生动作或状态的推测; 对现在状态的推测; 对将来发生动作或状态的推测 两种形式:用情态动词加完成事态表示对过去发生动作或状态的推测; 用情态动词加动词原型表示对现在或将来发生动作或状态的推测must have done 表示过去一定做了什么,语气十分肯定cant have done 表示过去不可能过了什么,语气也比较肯定(是上面的否定形式)neednt have done 表示过去没有必要做什么但已经做了。should have done过去该做什么但没有做。(含有责备的意思)。shouldnt have done表示过去不该做什么但做了。(含有责备的意思)would
展开阅读全文
相关资源
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 图纸专区 > 高中资料


copyright@ 2023-2025  zhuangpeitu.com 装配图网版权所有   联系电话:18123376007

备案号:ICP2024067431-1 川公网安备51140202000466号


本站为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,本站只是中间服务平台,本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。装配图网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知装配图网,我们立即给予删除!