2011年高考英语语法专题复习-冠词.doc

冠词是一种虚词，无词义，也没有数和格的变化，不能独立使用，常常放在名词前，帮助说明这个名词的意义。复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则：其一：单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指；其二：复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；其三：无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指其前都要加定冠词the。冠词是历年高考的常考点。主要考查冠词在具体语境中的运用，考查内容包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。考点1 不定冠词的用法1指人或事物的某一类，这是不定冠词的基本用法A car runs faster than a truck小汽车比卡车跑得快。2表示数量“一个”，但一般不能与one互换Rome was not built in a day罗马不是一天建起来的。3指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物A Mr Li is waiting for you outside一位李先生在外面等你。(不知道那位李先生是谁)4用于表示次数、速度、价格等意义的名词前，表示“每一”He goes home to see his parents once a month他每月回家一次去看父母。He can galn five yuan an hour in the shop他在这家商店每小时挣五元钱。5表示三餐的名词前有形容词修饰时，用不定冠词I only want a small supper because of cold由于感冒晚饭我只想吃一点东西。People usually have quite a good dinner on festivals人们在过节时通常会吃一顿相当丰盛的大餐。6有时在序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再又”She invited him to come to the party a second time她再次邀请他来参加聚会。Then a third boy came to join US接着又一个孩子加人了我们。7有些物质名词以及抽象名词具体化时，可用不定冠词a paper一份报纸；a tea一杯茶；a beauty一个美人；a surprise一件意想不到的事；a pity一件遗憾的事；an honor一个(件)光荣的人(事)8不定冠词还可以用于“a most+adj+n”结构，注意在此结构中没有表示可比较的范围状语，“most”相当于“very”Xiamen is a most beautiful coastal city and I11 come for a second time厦门是个非常美丽的海滨城市，我还要再来一次。9不定冠词还可以用于“a+比较级+名词”结构，与否定词连用时，表示“从来没有比这更”，具有最高级含义I have never spent a more worrying day我从未有过比这更烦人的一天。10用于短语搭配中(1)“have/take+a(n)+与动词同形的名词”，表示动作的一次。如：have/take a rest休息一会儿have/take a look看一下have/take a bath洗个澡(2)“go out for a(n)+名词”，表示从事某项活动。如：go out for a picnic去野餐(3)用于习惯搭配中。如：come to an end结束；drop sb a line给某人写信；at a disadvantage处于不利地位；in a way从一方面说；in a word总之；in a sense就某种意义来说；with a view to为了，鉴于。典例：(2010高考英语江苏卷）The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_ people from all walks of life are working hard for_ new Jiangsu.A.不填; a B. 不填;the C. the; a D. the; the 考点2：定冠词的用法1特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，这是定冠词的基本用法The books on the desk were published last month桌子上的那些书是上个月出版的。The factory I mentioned has installed a new assembly line我提到的那家工厂已经安装了一条新的装配线。We were all lost in the beauty of nature我们都被大自然的美所陶醉。2再次提到前面已出现的人或事物，表示特指He told us a story，but 1 was not interested in the story他给我们讲了一个故事，但我对这个故事不感兴趣。3指谈话双方都知道的人或事物 。We went to the station to see the manager off我们去车站为经理送行。4用在某些可数名词单数前，用来指事物的整体(总称)以将其与其他事物区别开来The telephone was invented by Bell电话是贝尔发明的。The elephant is much stronger than the horse象比马强壮得多。5用在表示某国人的名词前the Chinese中国人；the French法国人；the English英国人；the Spanish西班牙人；the Japanese日本人。6某些形容词或分词前加定冠词the表示一类人(表示复数)the homeless无家可归的人；the rich富人；the poor穷人；the blind盲人；the old老年人；the young年轻人；the strong强者；the weak弱者；the sick病人；the wounded伤者。7在序数词前要加定冠词the(有时在序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再”“又”)She lives on the twelfth floor她住在十二楼。8在形容词最高级及形容词only(唯一的)，very(正是那个)，sanle(同样的)等前加定冠词theThis is the most interesting film I have ever seen这是我看过的最有趣的电影。He must be the only student who has ever been to the city in our class他一定是我们班唯一去过那座城市的学生。Thats the very thing Ive been looking for那正是我要找的东西。9在表示一些独一无二的东西的名词前要用定冠词thethe earth地球；the moon月亮；the sun太阳；the sky天空；the universe宇宙；the world世界；the air空中；the ground地面。It is the east，and Juhet is the sun那是东方，而朱丽叶就是太阳。10用于时间、重量等单位名词之前，表示每一个单位The boat is hired by the hour小船按小时出租。nere are two or three apples to the pound每磅有两三个苹果。11在表示方位、方向的名词前用定冠词thein the east/south/west/north在东/南/西/北方；on the right/left在右/左边。12在表江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠、海峡、海湾等专有名词前，要用定冠词thethe Yellow River黄河；the Rhine莱茵河；the Pacific太平洋；the Red Sea红海；the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉；the British Isles不列颠群岛；the Taiwan Strait台湾海峡；the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠。13用在逢“十”的数词前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1980s/1980s在20世纪80年代。14乐器名称前用定冠词theShe plays the piano best in her class她钢琴在班上弹得最好。15在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词the表示“一家”the Browns布朗一家；the Lis姓李的一家。16用在“动词+sb+介词+the+表身体部位的名词”这一固定结构中hit sb in the face打某人的脸；take sb by the arm/hand抓住某人的胳膊/手；pat sb on the shoulder拍某人的肩；hit sb on the head打某人的头。特别提示在该结构中，不能用物主代词替代定冠词，常用于该结构的动词有pat，strike，beat，hit，catch，put，take等。17在短语搭配中in the end最后；come to the point谈到正题；on the contrary相反；in the morning在早晨；in the distance在远处；in the water在水中；on：the subject of关于的主题；on the air在广播。典例：（2010高考英语辽宁卷）There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.Athe; the B. 不填; the Cthe; 不填 Da; the【答案】B考点3 不用冠词的情况1可数名词复数表示泛指时，以及抽象名词和物质名词表示一Where theres smoke，theres fire谚无风不起浪。Many hands make light work谚人多好做事。2三餐、球类运动、娱乐名称、节日、星期、月份和日期前一般不用冠词，表季节的名词前用不用the意思没有区别play football/basketball/volleyball踢足球/打篮影打排球；play chess/cards下棋/打牌；New Years Day元旦(“the Spring Festival春节”例外)。He had nothing for breakfast this morning他今天早上没有吃早饭。特别提示有时在星期、月份和日期前加不定冠词，表示泛指。如：on a Monday在一个礼拜一；a very wet April一个雨水很多的四月。3在学科、语言、称呼语、大部分疾病名称或表头衔的名词前，不用冠词I think physics is more interesting than maths我认为物理比数学有趣。Whats the matter，Granny?奶奶，出什么事了吗?Cancer is a terrible disease癌症是一种可怕的疾病。4在turn(作“变成”解)后作表语的名词前，不用冠词He has turned doctor他已是名医生了。5在as，though引导的倒装分句中，名词前不用冠词Child as/though Tom is，you cant fool him虽然汤姆是个孩子，但你不能欺骗他。6在专有名词(洲名、人名、城市名、街道名、港口名、航空站名、火车站名、公园名、机关名及院校名)之前，一般不用冠词Asia亚洲；Mary玛丽；Shanghai上海；Wau Street华尔街；Pearl Harbor珍珠港；Beihai Park北海公园；Beijing University北京大学。7在一些固定短语中，名词前不用冠词at night在夜里；at home在家；day after day 日复一日；bytelephone打电话；in danger在危险中；on purpose故意地。典例：(2009江西)some people fear that air pollution may bring about changes in around the worldA/； the Bthe；/ Can；the Dthe；a考点4 有无冠词，意义不同by day在白天 by the day按天计算in case of以防 in the case of就来说in charge of负责，管理 in the charge of由负责in office执政 in the office在办公室in sight(of)看见 in the sight(of)在看来go to sea去当水手 go to the sea到海边去out of question毫无疑问 out of the question不可能take advice征求意见take the advice听从劝告be of age成年 be of all age同龄go to church去做礼拜 go to the church去教堂in prison坐牢 in the prison在监狱特别提示当地点名词表示地点时，其前用定冠词；表示在这一地点所发生的活动时，其前不加冠词。如：He went to the bed and fetched me a magazine before he went to bed,他睡觉前到床边给我拿了本杂志。典例：George couldnt remember when he first met MrAnderson，but Lhe was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at churchA/；the Bthe；/ Ca；/ D/；a【解析】 C不定冠词用于表示星期的名词前，泛指“某个星期几”；at church表示“做礼拜”，at the church表示”在教堂”。故本题选C。考点5冠词的位置冠词一般放在名词之前，名词之前若有形容词，冠词放在形容词之前。下列情况例外：1.不定冠词用于下列副词加形容词之后：as，how，however，so，too等。如：He is as good a soldier as he was.他和以前一样是个好士兵。2.不定冠词置于such，what，many，not，too，much of等之后。如：Many a little pickle makes a nickel.积少成多。3.定冠词通常放在all，both，double，exactly，just等词之后。如：I offered him double the amount，but he still refused.4.不定冠词常用于quite和rather之后，但如果另有形容词修饰时，不定冠词既可放在第二位，也可放在第一位，但最常见的仍是第二位。如：She is quite a woman.她真是个女人。It was quite/rather a cold day.很冷的一天(同 It was a quite/rather cold day.)5.当名词前的比较级被no，all，far，much等修饰时，也要后置。如:He is no less a man than the President.6.定冠词要放在half，twice,much等之后，如：He paid twice the price for it. 他花了两倍的钱买了它。7.如果名词被副词hardly，scarcely，barely，exactly所修饰，或和一个形容词共同修饰时，冠词要放在上述副词之后、形容词之前。如：This is hardly a right thing to do. 这几乎是不能做的事。典型例题:1. Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience. A./; theB./; anC.an; anD.the; the2. Theres _ dictionary on _ desk by your side. A.a; theB.a; aC.the; aD.the; the3. An accident happened at _ crossroads a few meters away from _ bank. A.a; aB./; aC./; theD.the; /4.The warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _ wool used.A.the; theB.the; /C./; theD./; /5.Mr.Li will give us _ talk._ talk will begin at 8:00.A.a; TheB.the; AC./; /D.a; A6.The sun gives us _ heat and _ light.A.the; theB.a; aC.a; theD./; /7.What do you need in dinner?I need _.A.a knife and a forkB.a knife and forkC.the knife and forkD.the knife and the fork8._ Mrs.Smith is waiting for you in your office.A.TheB.AC.OneD./9.Shes on _ Peoples Daily.A.theB.anC.aD./10._ Einsteins could not pay for _ advanced education that young Albert needed.A.The; theB.A; aC.An; theD.The; an11.She is _ newcomer to _ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.A.the; theB.the; aC.a; /D.a; the12.Where is Jack?I think he is still in _ bed，but he might be in _ bathroom.A./; /B.the; theC.the; /D./; the13.I dont like talking on _ telephone; I prefer writing _ letters.A.a; theB.a; /C.the; theD.the; /14.Many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public places.A.the; theB./; /C.the; /D./; the15.If you dont like the red coat，take the blue one.OK，but do you have _ size in blue? This one is a bit tight for me.A.a bigB.a biggerC.the bigD.the bigger16.I heard somebody playing _ piano in _ next room.A.a; aB.the; theC.a; theD.the; an17._ Pacific Ocean is _ largest of all.A.the; aB./; theC.the; theD.a; /18.Great changes have taken place in _ 1990s.A./B.aC.theD.an19.Wouldnt it be _ wonderful world if all nations lived in _ peace with one another?A.a; /B.the; /C.a; theD.the; the20.Alexander Graham Bell invented _ telephone in 1876.A./B.aC.theD.one21.In 1864，Lincoln was elected _ President of _ United States for the second time.A.the; theB.a; aC./; theD./; /22.John is _ university student.A./B.anyC.aD.an23.The table is made of _.A.a woodB.some woodC.the woodD.wood24.We are going to learn _ next week.A.Twelfth LessonB.The Twelfth LessonC.Twelve LessonD.The Twelve Lesson25.Id like _ information about the management of your hotel，please.Well，you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful.A.some; aB.an; someC.some; some D.an; a26.Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century.A.the; /B.the; theC./; theD./; /27.Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for food.A.the; aB./; aC.the; theD./; the28.Alice is fond of playing _ piano while Henry is interested in listening to _ music.A./; theB./; /C.the; /D.the; the29.Oh，John._ you gave us!A.How a pleasant surpriseB.How pleasant surpriseC.What a pleasant surpriseD.What pleasant surprise30._ terrible weather weve been having these days!A.How aB.What aC.HowD.What31.Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today.A.a; /B.the; anC.the; theD./; the32.Beyond _ stars，the astronaut saw nothing but _ space.A.the; /B./; theC./; /D.the; the33.Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning.Is it _ black one? I think I saw it some where.A.a; theB.the; theC.a; aD.the; a34.After watching _ TV，she played _ violin for an hour.A./; /B.the; theC.the; /D./; the35.Are you sure to help me find _ bed for my new house?Sure，but not now. Im heading for _ bed and a good sleep.A.a; /B.a; aC.the; aD.the; /36.Charlie Chaplin was considered one of the greatest actors in _ history of _ cinema.A./; /B.a; theC.the; theD.the; a37.What about _ book?Its too difficult _ book.A.a; aB.a; theC.the; theD.the; a38.Towards _ evening _ cold rain began to fall.A.an; theB.the; aC.the; /D./; a39.She always plays _ football after _ school.A.a; theB.the; theC./; aD./; /40._ wheel is thought to be _ invention of _ first importance in human history.A.A; the; theB.The; an; theC.A; an; theD.A; an; /41.I felt someone patted me on _ shoulder.A.aB.theC.myD./42.So you are running _ restaurant?Yes，but I dont want to make it _ restaurant only for rich people.A.the; /B.the; theC.a; theD.a; a43.Xian was _ starting point of _ world famous“Silk Road”.A./;/B.a; aC.the; /D.the; the44.It is ten oclock in the morning but he is still _.A.in the bedB.at the bedC.in bedD.on bed45.More than half of _ water used for drinking，washing and irrigating crops comes from under _ ground.A.the; /B./; theC./; /D.the; the46.At noon we reached _ small village _ east of _ Summer Palace.A.the; the; theB.a; /; theC.a; the; theD.a; /; /47.The child had only _ slight temperature，but the doctor regarded _ illness as serious enough for _ hospital treatment.A./; /; theB.a; /; /C.a; the; /D./; the; the48.I had _ lunch at a friends house yesterday._ food was good.A.the; /B./; /C.the; theD./; The49.What is Jack going to do with all his money?He says he has always dreamed of taking _ trip around _ world.A.a; theB.the; theC.a; /D.a; a50.Qingdao is _ most beautiful city in summer.A.theB./C.aD.one51.Just now you said you always got to work on _ 8 oclock train. But would _ later train get you to work on time?A.a; aB.a; theC.the; theD.the; a52.The building was completed in _ September of 1956 not in _ October,1955.A./; theB.the; theC./;/D.the; /53.I would like to have _ room，_ window of which opens to _ south.A.a; the; aB.a; the; theC.a; /; /D.a; the; /54.There is _ house in the picture.There is _ old woman near _ house.A.an; a; theB.a; an; theC.the; a; an D.a; the; an55._ Europe and _ America are separated by _ Atlantic Ocean.A./; /; theB.the; the; theC./; /; /D.the; the; /56.There is _“h” in the word“honest”.A.aB.theC./D.an57._ terrible life people in the small island lived at that time!A.WhatB.HowC.What aD.How a58.Father often says to me,“Be _ honest boy today and _ useful man tomorrow.”A.a; aB.an; anC.a; anD.an; a59.Things of _ kind come together; people of _ kind fall into _ same group.A.the; the; theB.a; a; the C.the; the; aD.a; the; the60._ Suez Canal brought _ east and _ west closer.A.The; the; theB./; the; theC.The; /; /D./; /; /参考答案:15 CAABA610 DBBAA1115 CDDCB1620 BCCAC2125 CCDBA2630 CBCCD3135 AACDA3640 CDDDB4145 BDDCD4650 BCDAC5155 DDBBA5660 DCDBA