中考英语拿高分背单词要高效.doc

中考英语拿高分 背单词要高效“低碳”新东方优能中学 吴彧婷背单词几乎是让所有学生头疼的事情，考试大纲要求初中学生掌握1800个词汇，高中生掌握3500个词汇。如果没有单词做基础，就算你在辅导班上学到再多的技巧，你的语法知识再好也没有用。对于这么多的单词，有的同学对自己要求高一点，拿着字典一通背，有的同学就拿着单词表背，有的同学更潇洒，根本不背。其实这些都是错误的做法。那么怎么背单词可以轻松一些呢？新东方优能中学的吴彧婷老师给大家分享了快速有效的单词记忆方法。第一是联想法。比如soft是柔软的意思，你可以联想到索芙特洗发水，索芙特洗发水洗出的头发都是柔亮的，它的名字也是这么翻译过来的，索芙特soft；再比如drunk是喝醉了的意思，那么我们就可以这么想，喝是drink，drink和drunk的区别就在于i和u，i就好像是我们喝之前的肚子，很扁，但是喝多了呢，i就变成了u,肚子鼓起来了，也就喝醉了；还有praise这个词是夸奖的意思，我们知道raise是提升的意思，那当我们的成绩提高了，老师就会表扬我们“pretty good”,所以赞扬是p加raise，praise。第二种记单词的方法是谐音法。比如pour是倾泻的意思，pour是破的音，我们可以想象，你们家的鱼缸有一天因为你玩篮球给砸破了，然后里面连鱼带水都倾泻出来的场景，那就是pour了；还有scan是扫描、浏览的意思，它的音像“四看”一样，那么四下看看不就是浏览的意思么。第三种方法是词根词缀法。比如我们知道re-是代表重复的词根，birth是出生的意思，那么rebirth就是重生的意思；dis-是表示否定的词根，那么able是能够，disable就是不能够的意思，agree是同意，disagree是不同意；还有一些词缀，比如我们知道的，-er代表人，比如teacher、leader、gardener，除此之外还有很多代表人的词缀，比如-ant，assistant是助理，servant是仆人。第四种方法是单词起源法。比如road一词在英语里泛指“路”时，相当于汉语里的“马路”。“马路”可以指供车马行走的道路，也可以指一般的路。而road的祖先恰好也同“马”有关。Road在古英语中写作rad，是从ridan（即“ride”，骑马）一词演变来的，rad就是“供骑马行走的路”，也就是“马路”。尽管中国的“马路”上并不一定有马，英国的“road”上也不一定有骑马的人，然而我们都这样习惯的叫下去。再举一个例子breakfast，fast是“斋戒”、“封斋”的意思，如伊斯兰教每年有一个月为“斋月”，“把斋”的人在这个月白天一天不进饮食。只是在一早一晚，也就是看不见太阳的时候进餐，斋月满时为“开斋”，是伊斯兰教徒十分隆重的节日。Break是“打破”的意思，breakfast原意为break the fast，即“打破斋戒”或“开斋”。早餐是打破斋戒的第一餐，所以叫breakfast。第五种方法是手舞足蹈法。比如说对于push和pull的记忆，学生总是分不清它们哪个是“拉”哪个是“推”，这时不妨抬起一只胳膊，并做一个推的动作，同时嘴里发出“噗哧”的声音，这样以后每当你再读到push的时候，就都会想到这个推的动作了，这两个单词也就去分开了。第六种方法是猜词法。在阅读文章的时候，你可以尝试着不马上去查那些生词的意思，而是先根据语境猜一猜，然后再查字典。在猜的过程中，大脑会受到刺激，更容易记住这些生词。背单词不是一朝一夕的事情，需要我们坚持、反复记忆。任何事情都没有捷径，但都有规律可循，我们可以找到最佳途径达到目的。以上方法是我在背单词时探索到的有效途径，你也可以尝试着寻找属于自己背单词的最佳方式。其实成功的关键不在于方法，而在于心。用心去做，就会找到好的方法，最终取得胜利。 初三系列复习资料初三系列复习资料（1）名词考点集汇，讲解和训一、名词【考点直击】1可数名词和不可数名词的用法； 名词所有格的构成及用法；3近义名词的辨析。【名师点睛】一、名词的数1单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。（2）以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：busbuses，classclasses，boxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。 （3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orangeoranges。（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boyboys, daydays。（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopianos。（6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法情况 读法 例词 在ptkf等清辅音后 s cups, hats, cakes 在szt F等音后 iz glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在d v等浊辅音后 z beds, dogs, cities, knives （7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mousemice。【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：menworkers， women teachers。有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：ten-minutes walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths游戏名称：bowls专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls其他名词：news, falls2不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass？I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice（2）用a piece of 这类定语，例如：a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of teafour pieces of paperthree glasses of water不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。二、名词的所有格名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是s，例如：a students room, students rooms, fathers shoes。2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 s，如：Childrens Day。3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s，例如：a twenty minutes walk，ten miles journey，a boats length，two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s，则表示“分别有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Toms and Marys bikes（两人各自的自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Marys mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。【实例解析】1.（2004年上海徐汇区中考试题）These _ have saved many childrens lives.A. woman doctors B. women doctorC. women doctors D. woman doctor答案：C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。2. (2004年河北省中考试题)This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Anne and JaneB. Annes and JanesC. Annes and JaneD. Anne and Janes答案：D。该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时，只在后面的名词后加s。3. (2004年吉林省中考试题)-Are there any _ on the farm?-Yes, there are some.A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep答案：D。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断，主语应该是复数名词。只有sheep可用作复数名词。4. (2004年佛山市中-What would you like to drink, _ or orange?-Orange, please.A. hamburger B. chip C. tea答案：C。该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有tea能喝。【中考演练】一. 单项填空1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear6There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears7In England, the last name is the_ .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name8The are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans9The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths11Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and children B. women and childC. woman and child D. women and children13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day15Where are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room二. 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。1. Weve got a lot of new _(杂志) in our school library.2. Please turn to another _（频道）, I dont like this show.3. Yesterday the _(航班) to London was put off because of the bad weather.4. Autumn is my favourite(季节)5. -How many _(小刀) do you have?-Three.6. _ are widely used in the modern world.7. June 1st is _(儿童) Day.8. Mary, would you please tell me your new _(地址) so that I can write to you.9. -Does this piece of _(音乐) sound nice?-Yes. Its wonderful!10. May 12th is the International _(护士) Day. Lets say “ Thanks” to them for their work.三. 根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。1. “Whats your n_?”“Li Lei.”2. How many d_ does your uncle have?3. Please close the w_. Its cold outside.4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p_.5. A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world.6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_ during the Spring Festival.7. At the a_ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.8. Its only about an h_ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.9. Health is more important to me than m_.10. Be careful! Its d_ to run across the street now.【练习答案】1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B 二1.magazines 2.Channel 3. flight4.season5. knives6. Computers7. Childrens8. address9. music 10. Nurses三1.name 2.daughters 3. window4. pronunciation5. inven6.parents 7. age 8. hours 9. money 10. dangerous初三系列复习资料（2）形容词、副词考点集汇，讲解和训练 二、形容词和副词【考点直击】1. 形容词的用法；2. 副词的用法；3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法；4. 形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。【名师点睛】1. 形容词的用法 (1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如：Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语）The fish went bad.（作表语）We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. (3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small. (4) the形容词表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor.2. 副词的用法(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies very hard. （作状语）Life here is full of joy.（作定语） When will you be back? （作表语） 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1)时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：He often comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He is never been to Beijing.2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：I met an old friend of mine on my way home.He went upstairs.Put down your name here.3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：The old man walked home slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast.4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：Her pronunciation is very good.She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you.5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：How are you getting along with your studies?Where were you yesterday?Why did you do that?(2)副词在句中的位置1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：Mr Smith works very hard.She speaks English well.2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：He usually gets up early.Ive never heard him singing.She is seldom ill.3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：It is a rather difficult job.He runs very fast.He didnt work hard enough.4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：On my way home, I met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.(3)部分常用副词的用法1) very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：She is a very nice girlIm feeling much better now.Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：I dont like the idea much.They did not talk much.2) too, either这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：She can dance, and I can dance, too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.3) already, yetalready一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：He has already left.Have you heard from him yet?He hasnt answered yet.4) so, neitherso和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(1) 两个人或事物比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级。 Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.(2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常, 十分。 Its most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 (3) The+形容词比较级., the+形容词比较级.表示 越. 就越.。 The more you study, the more you know. (4) 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 , 表示 越来越. 。 Its getting hotter and hotter. (5) 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. (6) the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. (7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.【实例解析】1. (2004年北京市中考试题)-Which is _, the sun, the moon or the earth?-Of course the moon is.A. smallB. smallerC. smallestD. the smallest答案：D。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级的用法。因为是太阳，地球和月亮三者进行比较，选用形容词的最高级，而且最高级之前要加定冠词the。所以选D。2. (2004年上海徐汇区中考试题)He has made _ progress this term than before.A. littleB. lessC. fewerD. much答案 B。该题考查的是形容词比较等级的用法。因为是现在和过去进行比较，所以要用比较级，又因为是修饰不可数名词，只能用less, 而不能用fewer。3. (2004年江西省中考试题)-What delicious cakes!-They would taste _ with butter.A. goodB. betterC. badD. worse答案：B。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级。答话人的意思应该是“如果加上点黄油，这些蛋糕会更好吃。”这里就有一种比较：加黄油和不加黄油。既然是比较，就要用比较级。因为这里讲的是好吃和更好吃，所以C,D要舍去，而选better。4. (2004年河北省中考试题)Bob never does his homework _ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.A. so careful asB. as carefully asC. carefully asD. as careful as答案：B。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法区别。因为该词修饰的是动作“做家庭作业”，所以要用副词。又因为表示一方不如另一方要用句型“not as+副词原级+as”，所以只能选B。【中考演练】一. 单项填空1There are many young trees on sides of the road. A. every B. each C. both D. all2- Its so cold today. - Yes, its than it was yesterday.A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold3Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone.A. more B. a little C. many D. few4She isnt so at maths as you are. A. well B. good 5Peter writes of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. wel6He is enough to carry the heavy box. A. strongerB. much strongerC. strong D. the strongest7I bought exercise-books with money. A. a few; a few B. a few; a little C. a little; a few D. a little; a little8The box is heavy for the girl carry.A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to9The ice in the lake is about one meter . Its strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide10Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.A. so B. much C. very D. too11. Jone looks so _ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test.A. happyB. happilyC. angryD. angrily12. The smile on my fathers face showed that he was _ with me.A. sadB. pleasedC. angryD. sorry13. -Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? -Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this.A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good asC. a cheaper; as good asD. a more important; good as14. -This digital camera is really cheap! -The _ the better. Im short of money, you see.A. cheapB. cheaperC. expensiveD. more expensive15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _ as possible.A. oftenB. longC. hardD. soon16. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.A. manyB. someC. fewD. more17. English people _ use Mr. Before a mans first name.A. neverB. usuallyC. oftenD. sometimes18. -One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May. -Right. The government spoke _ that.A. highly for B. high ofC. well of D. highly of19. -Remember this, children. _ careful you are, _ mistakes you will make.-We know, Miss Gao.A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the moreC. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less20. I have _ to do today.A. anything important B. something importantC. important nothing D. important something二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. _ (Fortunate), there was no money in it.2. Mobile phones are _ (wide) used in most of the cities in China.3. He put on his coat and went out _ (quick).4. She is _ (good) than Li Ping at swimming.5. A lot Chinese people are _ (pride) of Yao Ming, a famous basketball star in NBA.6. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold _ (snow) night.7. Allie asked me _ (polite) to put the things away.8. Its snowing hard. You must drive _(careful).9. The earth we live on is _ (big) than the moon.10. Hainan is a very large island. Its the second _ (large) island in China.三. 用适当的形容词或副词填空(首字母已给出)1. A large number of mouths must be fed in those less d_ countries.2. That evening Beethoven played the music for the girl as well as u_.3. Hawaii is f_ its beautiful beaches.4. He often takes an a_ part in the sports meeting and he can get very good results each time.5. The performance was so w_ that everyone gave a long and loud applause(鼓掌).6. Jiefang Road is the b_ street in our city.7. She lay a_ for hours thinking over her business.8. I like ball games very much, but my f_ sport is playing basketball.9. The boy is too l_ . He doesnt want to do anything.10. The dictionary is very u_ . It will help you a lot.【练习答案】一. 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B二. 1. Fortunately 2. widely 3.quickly 4. better 5. proud 6. snowy 7. politely 8. carefully 9. bigger 10. largest三. 1. developed 2. usual 3. famous 4. active 5. wonderful 6. busiest 7. awake 8. favourite9. lazy 10. use初三系列复习资料（3）动词考点集汇、讲解和训三、动词【考点直击】1.动词的八种时态的构成及用法；.动词被动语态的构成及用法；3.非谓语动词的构成及用法；4.近义动词的用法区别。【名师点睛】1.动词的时态英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。（1）一般现在时的基本用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much.5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。 The train comes at 3 oclock. 6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。 Ill help you as soon as you have problem. Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him. （2）一般过去时的用法： 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 I worked in that factory last year. 【注意】1) 过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用used to或would加动词原形来表达，例如： I used to go fishing on Sundays. 2) “used to”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如： This river used to be clean.（3）一般将来时的用法1）表示将来的动作或状态。例如： I shall attend the meeting tomorrow. 2）表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：He will go to see his mother every Saturdays. 3）表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺， 命令等时常用will，征求对方意见，主语是第一人称时，常用shall。I will do my best to catch up with them. Sha