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阅读理解题形讲与练一、考查形式 阅读理解是高考英语试卷中的语言运用题，旨在检查高中生在阅读中的语感：特别是在阅读过程中获取和处理信息的能力。 考试说明对阅读理解的要求做了明确的规定，阅读理解部分主要测试考生以下能力： 1，掌握所读材料的主旨和大意： 2了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节： 3根据上下文判断大纲附表以外的某些词汇和短语的意义： 4既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系： 5根据所读材料进行一定的判断，推理和引申： 6正确领会作者的观点和态度。二、考查内容 阅读理解常考的题材： 发展报告，农业报告，经济报告环境报告，科学报告，教育报告，健康报告，新闻科学，自然灾害，医学(如瘟疫等疾病)，战争，旅游、交通，人物传记、人物特写，故事，探索，语言、语言掌故，音乐、体育与娱乐，文学、艺术，历史、考古、文物出土，英语国家的文化习俗、人口、地理、建设、历史、社会、科技等概况。三、基本题形以及解题技巧 1. 基本题型及题形特征基本题型及题形特征主旨大意题主要考察学生对所读材料中心思想的概括。其考察形式有很多，如概括标题、主题、中心思想或目的大意等； 细节理解题主要考察考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解。这一题型常见的命题方式有：事实认定题、排序题、图形辨认题、数字运算题； 推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题； 判断词义题主要考察考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义能力。要求从句子结构、段落、文章中推断或根据构词法推断词义。 2. 四大题形的解题技巧 1）细节理解题解题技能 常见的命题方式有： （1）特殊疑问句形式。以when，where。whatwhichwho，how much, many等疑问词开头引出的问题： （2）以是非题的形式。true / false. not true/ false或EXCEPT： （3）以According to开头提问方式： （4）以填空题的形式，如： To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised_. （5）就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。 做细节理解题时，不必通篇细看原文，而可采取带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语，然后以此为线索快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，对照比较，确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除： 2) 细节题干扰项有如下几个特点： (1)与原文有相关信息，但不是题目要求的内容； (2)符合常识，但不是文章内容： (3)与原文的内容极其相似，但在程度上有些变动： (4)在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反： (5)一半正确，一半错误： 细节理解题的答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思：有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。总之，做细节题时要将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右， 自上而下呈Z形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节内容时，就要放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至确定答案。2推理判断题解题技能 这类题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 1) 这种问题的提问方式通常有： (1) From paragraph 4 we can infer that_. (2) We can infer from the text that./What can we learn from.? (3) The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that _. (4) The author implies that by the year 2050, _. (5) To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should _. (6) The author mentions the fact that.to show _ (7) This passage would most likely be found in _? 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。 2) 考生应当注意以下几点： (1) 深入理解作者在字里行间渗透出来的深层含义, 不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点： (2) 推理的源泉来自于上下文的语境、语气等： (3) 紧紧抓住所给文章，决不能脱离文章凭空想像； (4) 把握上下文之间的逻辑关系，通过分析、综合、判断等进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理，决不能以偏概全、见树不见林。3主旨大意题解题技能 高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。 1) 主旨大意常见的题干形式如下： (1) What would be the best title for the text?/what is the topic of the text? (2) The main topic / subject of the passage is _. (3) The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme of this passage is. (4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _. (5) What is mainly discussed in the text? (6) What is the main idea of the passage? (7) Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? 2) 从命题形式上看，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类， (1) 怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意 (2) 怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。 3) 主旨大意的解题技巧 (1)主题句定位法 文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。 但是由于文章的不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。 文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：方法特征正方形写作法中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。正三角形写作法中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。主题句一般可在第一句话找到。新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。倒三角形写作法主题句出现在文尾。在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。圆形写作法首尾呼应的写作方法。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。菱形写作法主题句出现在文章的中间。通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。 (2)文章标题的选择或拟定的解题技巧 标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想的最精炼的表达形式。 它的特点是：浓缩性强，短小精悍，多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩，用词准确、不偏不离。那么如何选择文章的标题呢? 要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系： 依据文章关键词，再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何： 对比四个选项，先排除两个，再比较余下的，要考虑标题是过大还是过小； 要避免下列三种错误： (a)概括不够(多表现为部分代替整体，从而导致范围太小)； (b)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)； (c)以事实、细节替代替抽象具体的大意。4词义猜测题解题技能 1)四类生词类型： (1) 旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义； (2) 合成词、转化词与派生词如shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，imperfect等； (3) “灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解： (4) 超纲生词。如：大纲之外的和熟词新意的生词 猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义的试题。掌握正确方法快速而又准确地猜测出生词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。 2)常见的考查形式： (1) The phrase “” in the sentence could be replaced by _ (2) The word “” in the paragraph refers to _ (3) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? (4) What does the unlined word mean? (5) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “” ? (6) The word “” most nearly means _ 3)常见的猜测词义的方法: (1) 利用构词法 掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un，fore，see，able：其中see是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能的，可的”，因此unforeseeable 是“未能预见到的”意思。 (2)利用同义近义词 在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。 (3)利用反义词 利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold，perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。 (4)利用定义、解释和例证 有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。 为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词。举例时，常常会用一些连接性的词，如：such as，like，for example，for instance，that is，namely等。 (5)利用上下文语境 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章 有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。 (6)根据语义转折 有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though，although，still，but，yet, instead, instead of，however, while，On the contrary, on the other hand，unlike，rather than，for one thing，for another等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。四、高考实例 命题特点 12008年的阅读理解部分有三篇短文，总阅读量为1076个单词(不包括问题及选择项的词数)，总题量为15题，分值为30分： 2阅读理解题有两大变化： (1)选材方面，在保证题材多样性、语言真实性的基础上增加了文学体裁：(2)在理解问题的设问方面，适当加大了理解的深度，避免考生采用简单的排除法或直接与原文信息匹配找到答案： 3阅读理解题内容新颖，体裁多样，题材丰富，时代气息浓厚，渗透现代社会的新观念，选材融知识性、教育性和趣味性为一体，可读性较强，体现丰富的文化内涵； 4基本无生词，有些词虽然不在高考英语3500词汇的范围内，但属于新教材高频词汇，学生比较熟悉，如A篇的involve，democratic等，B篇的negative，objective等，C篇的critical，amid；有些词可以通过构词法知识(合成、前缀、后缀、转化)理解词义，如A篇的hairstyle，adulthood等B篇的self-image，tricky等。 C篇的undersizedwarring presence等；还有些生词可以通过上下文来猜测其词义，如B篇的It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you cant move pastone flaw or weakness that you see about yourselfflaw对大多数考生而言是生词，但通过对 or weakness的理解可以知道这个单词和weakness同义，就不难判断它的含义是“缺点”；有些词虽然为考生所熟悉，但特定的语境赋予了它们新的含义考生须根据具体语境方能推知，如A篇中的From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations，earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits“orbit”在平时的学习中表示“轨道”之意，而这里是“范围”或“圈子”之意。 5试卷从选材到命题都关注了考生的思维能力。选材时除关注语言的难易、题材、体裁以外，还关注语言的思维深度，关注现在中学生的认知能力，这一点尤其是在C篇中体现明显，考试后学生普遍感觉有一些题目很难选择答案，与2008年高考设题深度加大，迷惑性较强有关。 6从命题的情况看，2008年阅读理解题各题型分配与2007年对比如下：年份细节题推理题主旨要义题猜测词义题2007761120087611能力要求 1考生要有快速阅读与筛选信息、获取信息的能力以及作出判断的能力： 2考生要有归纳全文信息，理解全篇信息间的逻辑关系并进行推理、判断的能力。 3考生要有深层理解，挖掘文章没有明确表达的意义的能力。 4考生能根据上下文和中学生应有的常识判断生词的意义，并且能识别各种题型(细节、推理、主旨、猜词)和掌握各种题型的解题方法： 5考生在用英语交流的过程中能理解语言隐含的情感、态度和价值观。第一节 阅读理解 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。试题分析AParents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.“I would never have said to my mom, Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.”Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable and common. And parentchild activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue int0 adulthood.No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, “To my mother, my best friend.”But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents. “Theres still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there, but there is a change happening,” says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. “In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion among parents.” Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say. “My parents were on the before side of that change, but todays parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the after side,” explains Mr. Ballmer. “Its not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.”41. The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means _.A. interest B. distance C. difference D. separation42. Which of the following shows that the generation gap is disappearing?A. Parents help their children develop interests in more activities.B. Parents put more trust in their childrens abilities.C. Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs.D. Parents share more interests with their children.43. The change in todays parent-child relationship is _.A. more confusion among parentsB. new equality between parents and childrenC.1ess respect for parents from childrenD. more strictness and authority on the part of parents44. By saying “todays parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the after side.” the author means that todays parents _.A. follow the trend of the change B. can set a limit to the changeC. fail to take the change seriously D. have little difficulty adjusting to the change45. The purpose of the passage is to _.A. describe the difficulties todays parents have met withB. discuss the development of the parentchild relationshipC. suggest the ways to handle the parentchild relationshipD. compare todays parentchild relationship with that in the past文章导读 代沟是个社会热点话题，文章比较了现在和过去父母与孩子之间关系的差异，指出两者的代沟在逐渐缩小，不过依然存在，同时指出现在父母和孩子的平等关系也会产生负面影响，如子女对父母的不尊重等；答案解析 41C词义推测题：由上文(特别是gap)和下句(特别是separate orbits)可知，上几代的父母与孩子之间不仅是在音乐爱好方面有“差异”，而且从发型、衣着，到活动、期望等各方面，差异都很大。最大的干扰项是distance，文章的确提到distant relationship，但关系还没有到不同路的地步： 42 D归纳判断题，由第1段首句dress alike1isten to the same music以及talk about interests both enjoy等可知，父母与孩子有更多的共同兴趣，表明代沟在渐渐消失：选项A、B、C都属于share interests的范畴，D项包括后三项，是最全面的概括： 43B细节理解题；第6段第l句中的the new equality就是上文所说的父母与孩子关系的变化：最大干扰项是A和C，如考生缺乏升华概括能力的话，就容易误选，不管是孩子对父母缺少尊重还是父母间产生更多的迷惑，都是这种新型的平等关系所产生的“结果”，这里问的是变化是什么，而不是变化的结果是什么： 44A. 细节理解题：结合上一段可知，todays parents就是60年代后的父母，他们与孩子有更多的交流，更加民主，他们应当是顺应这种变化趋势的： 45B推断写作目的，由全文内容，特别是由the generation gap has not disappeared，but“it is getting narrow等关键词句可知，本文主要是讨论父母与孩子之间的关系的发展过程。 BSometimes youll hear people say that you cant love others until you love yourself. Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, youve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that were the apple of our parents eyes, and that our Grandmas think were great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics. but sometimes its a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge. it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.Self-image is your own minds picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about US. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Dont allow doubts to occur in it. It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you cant move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think youre silly because you arent good at math, find a tutor. If you think youre weak because you cant run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think youre dull because you dont wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes. But remember, just because you think it doesnt mean its true. The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat(拍) yourself on the back, youll know youre well on your way. Good luck!46. You need to build a positive self-image when you _.A. dare to challenge yourself B. feel it hard to change yourselfC. are unconfident about yourself D. have a high opinion of yourself47. According to the passage, our serf-images _.A. have positive effects B. are probably untrueC. are often changeable D. have different functions48. How should you change your serf-image according to the passage?A. To keep a different image of others. B. To make your life successful.C. To understand your own world. D. To change the way you think.49. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to prepare for your success. B. How to face challenges in your life.C. How to build a positive self-image. D. How to develop your good qualities.50. Who are the intended readers of the passage?A. Parents. B. Adolescents. C. Educators. D. People in general.文章导读 构建积极的自我形象是进一步增强自信、关爱自己的有效途径之一：文章叙述了建立积极的自我形象的内容、途径和消除消极自我形象的意义：答案解析 46C. 细节理解题。本题题眼在第l段最后一句：关键是理解If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge，“当你觉得自信是一种挑战时”，也就是“当你不够自信时”： 47. B细节理解题；由第2段中的Interestingly，our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us，第4段最后一句But remember，just because you think it doesnt mean its true和第5段第l句The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that yourimage is far more objective ，and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities可知，很多时候自我形象是不真实的。 48D细节理解题。由第2段最后一句Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world和文章倒数第2句 Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image可知。 49C主旨大意题：第l段最后一句中有build a positive self-image，第3段首句的the best way to defeat a passive self-image is to.，最后一段的首句The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to.都是说明如何构建自我形象的， 50B推理判断题：由第l段第4句中were the apple of our parentseyes.，our Grandmas think were等可知，本文应当是写给青少年阅读的：CNapoleon, as a character in Tolstoys War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands. Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse. He is said to be “undersized. with“short legs and a “round stomach”. The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoys description-it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts：other things that could be said of the man are not said. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman. Tolstoys Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his noseand that is the point.It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character. And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man. In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812,Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry：doesnt he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped. “That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!” he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon “walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly. Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner. “He raised his hand to the Russiansface,” Tolstoy writes, and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently.” To have ones ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “Well, well, why dont you say anything? said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon. Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own.51. Tolstoys description of Napoleon in War and Peace is _.A. far from the historical facts B. based on the Russian history C. based on his selection of facts D. not related to historical details52. Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because _.A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace termsB. the Tsars peace terms were hard to acceptC. the Russians stopped his military movementD. he didnt have any more army to fight with53. What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do?A. To walk out of the room in anger. B. To show agreement with him.C. To say something about the Tsar. D. To express his admiration.54. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is _.A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests B. fond of showing off his iron willC. determined in destroying all of Europe D. crazy for power and respect55. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?A. A writer doesnt have to be faithful to his findings.B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way.C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes.D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.文章导读 小说战争与和平中对拿破仑的描述与历史上的人物形象有一定的差异，作者托尔斯泰以历史研究为基础，用自己的方式对其进行了一定的艺术加工和提炼51C细节理解题。由第1段第4句The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoys description-it seems not that far off from historical accounts-but his choice of facts.可知： 作者以选择事实为依据，写出了自己笔下的拿破仑形象：关键句式notbut (不是而是)，关键词是该句中的choice与选项中的selection同义：答案解析 52A. 细节理解题：由第2段中的He. not the Tsar，is the one to make the terms可知：拿破仑很自负，也说明了他的狂妄自大： 53D推理判断题：由文章第3段To have ones ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the
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