中考英语定语从句语法解析(一).docx

昂立外语：http:/www.onlycollege.com.cn中考英语定语从句语法解析（一）一、概述所谓定语从句，就是指在主从复合句用作定语的从句。定语从句通常修饰名词或代词，对它进行限制、描绘和说明。受定语从句修饰的词语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词语叫关系词。关系词按其性质又分关系代词和关系副词。关系词不仅引导定语从句，同时还在定语从句充当一定的句子成分：The girl who spoke is my best friend. 讲话的姑娘是我最好的朋友。此句中，who spoke是由关系代词who引导的定语从句，用以修饰先行词the girl，同时who 在定语从句中用作主语。This is the town where I was born. 这就是我出生的城市。此句中，where I was born是由关系副词where引导的定语从句，用以修饰先行词the town，同时where在定语从句中用作状语。二、考点归纳考点1：考查关系代词的判断与用法在初中英语中，应该掌握的关系代词不多，主要有that, who, whom, whose, which，其中who和whom 只用于指人，which只用于指事物，whose和 that既可于指人也可用于指物。各个关系代词在定语从句中的用法是：that可用作主语或宾语，who用作主语，whom用作宾语，whose用作定语，which用作主语或宾语。选用关系代词有两个技巧：一看先行词的意义：指人用who, whom, whose, that；指物用which, that, whose。二看关系词的句法功能：作主语用that, which, who等；作宾语用whom, that, which等。A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞行的机器。(that指物，在从句中用作主语)The man who lives in that house is my uncle. 住在那座房子里的人是我叔叔。(who指人，在从句中作主语)The house whose windows are broken is empty. 破了窗户的那座房子是空的。(whose指物，在从句中作定语)There are some students whose questions I cant answer. 有些学生提出的问题我回答不了。(whose指人，在从句中作定语)值得注意的是，what不能用作关系代词，所以不能用于引导定语从句；另外，人称代词he, she, we, they, it等也不能用作关系代词，也不能引导定语从句。【考例1】The girl _ I just talked with is Bens mother. (四川成都中考题)A. whom B. which C. she D. what【分析】答案选A。由于先行词为指人的名词，所以引导定语从句的关系代词不能用which，故可排除B；而what和she不是关系代词，不能引导定语从句，故可排除C和D。【考例2】The pen _ you are looking for is under the desk. (湖南邵阳中考题)A. who B. whose C. that D. what【分析】答案选C。因为关系代词在定语从句中指物且用作宾语，所以不能选A；又因为空格后没有名词，所以不宜选B；而what不能用作关系代词，不能引导定语从句，所以排除D。【考例3】I dont know the teacher _ is talking with Miss Wang. (山东淄博中考题)A. what B. whom C. which D. who【分析】答案选D。由于先行词为指人的名词，所以引导定语从句的关系代词不能用which，故可排除C；而what不是关系代词，不能引导定语从句，所以排除A；再通过分析定语从句的句子成分可知，该定语从句缺主语，所以只能选主格who，不能选whom。考点2：考查关系代词的省略问题在通常情况下，关系代词是不能省略的。但有一种例句，就是当关系代词作宾语时，它可以省略（不管是指人还是指物）。如：Is there anything (which) you wanted? 想要什么东西吗?Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁?但是，当关系代词在定语从句中用作主语时，是绝不能省略的。如：他就是住在隔壁的那个人。误：He is the man lives next door.正：He is the man who lives next door.另外，即使是用作宾语，如果是紧跟在介词后也不能省略。如：这就是他向他们说过的那所房子。误：It was the house about he had told them.正：It was the house about which he had told them.【考例1】This is the novel _ is written by Guo Jingming. (山东德州中考题)A. who B. what C. that D. 不填【分析】答案选C。由于what不是关系代词，不能引导定语从句，故可排除B；又由于先行词novel指物，所以不能选指人的who，故可排除A；又因为关系代词在定语从句中用作主语，所以不能省略，故可排除D。【考例2】The skirt _ is made of silk is very expensive. I cant afford it. (湖北孝感中考题)A. what B. 不填 C. that D. it【分析】答案选C。由于what和it不能用作关系代词，不能引导定语从句，所以排除A和D；又因为关系代词在定语从句中用作主语，所以不能省略，故选C。