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第十章：主谓一致 主谓一致三原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。例如：Tom is a good student 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。例如： My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。 3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 典型练习：1. Neither he nor I _ for the plan. A. were B. is C. are D. am 2. There _ a knife and fork on the table. A. are B. is C. am D. be 经典解析：以上两题属于就近一致，就近一致主要包括：neither. . . nor. . . , either. . . or. . . . , not only. . . but also. . . 连接并列主语及there be 句型. 答案为:1. D 2. B以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致,本题离谓语近的是a knife是单数. 3. My family as well as I _ glad to see you. A. was B. is C. are D am 4. My father, together with some of his old friends, _ there already. A. will be B. had been C. has been D. have been 5. The pair of shoes _ worn out. A. had been B. have been C. were D. was 经典解析:当主语中含有介词短语时,介词后面为宾语,谓语与介词前面的主语的形式一致,答案为:3. C,这里的主语是my family, as well as 后的I 虽是主格但是宾语, 这里的family表达的意义为:家庭成员,故用复数. 4. C, 这里的主语是my father, 介词with 后面的some of his old friends是宾语, my father 是第三人称单数. 5. D, 这里的主语是The pair, 介词of 后的shoes是宾语,the pair属第三人称单数. 6. There are two roads and either _ to the station. A. is leading B. are leading C. lead D. leads 7. Nine plus three _ twelve. A. are making B. is making C. make D. makes 8. Twenty miles _ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B. is C. are D. were 9. Very few _ his address in the town. A. has known B. are knowing C. know D. knows 10. Our family _ a happy one. A. are B. was C. are D. is 11. Over 80 percent of the population _ workers. A. will be B. are C. is D. was 12. A professor and a writer _ present at the meeting. A. had been B. were C. is D. was 13. A professor and writer _ present at the meeting. A. had been B. were C. are D. was14. The whole class _ greatly moved at his words. A. is B. had C. were D. was 15. The Greens_ having breakfast when the accident happened. A. is B. are C. was D. were16. The poor _ very pity, they should be helped by the rich. A. is B. are C. was D. be17. Doing eye exercises often _ your eyes brighter. A. make B. makes C. is D. keep18. Doing sports and giving up smoking _ you healthy. A. make B. makes C. is D. keeps经典解析:以上各题均属于意义一致原则,答案为:6. D,either意义为:两者中任何一个做主语属于第三人称单数;7. D, 两个数加减乘除的结果均为一个数因此意义上属于单数. 8. B, 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。9. C,这里的主语very few代表的是很少的人后面省略了people,意义上是复数. 10. D, 这里的主语family表一个家庭的整体概念,应为单数意义. 11. B, population虽然是不可数名词,但表示某地人口的百分之几时不可用单数谓语. 12. B, 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。本题主语A professor and a writer就是指两个人一个教授,一个作家表复数概念. 13. D,由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。本题主语A professor and writer就是指一个人,一个既是教授又是作家的人表单数概念. 14. C,本题主语The whole class这里表示整个班级的学生应为复数形式. 15. D,the+姓氏的复数形式,表示一家人时，谓语动词用复数形式，16. B, the+形容词,表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式;17. B, 主语Doing eye exercises 是一件事,属单数主语;18. A, 主语Doing sports and giving up smoking 是两件事,属复数主语. 19. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who _ from the countryside in our school. A. was B. were C. is D. are 20. Those who _ singing may join us. A. is fond B. is seeming to be C. seem to be D. seems to be 经典解析:定语从句的谓语形式应取决于先行词, 答案为19. D,先行词为students20. C,先行词为those复数. 21. The number of students in our school _ 3000 and a number of them _from countrysides. A. is , is B. are , are C. are, is D. is, are经典解析: a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。答案为:21. D22. Maths is very popular in my class. A. is B. are C. been D. be经典解析: 以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等，答案为:22. A23. _ everybody here today?A. Is B. Are C. Am D. Was 经典解析: 不定代词somebody, someone, something ,anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数，答案为:A. 第 - 4 - 页 共 4 页
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