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广州版八年级上语法归纳Unit1 情态动词should和ought to的用法情态动词should和ought to都表示“应当；应该”，指有责任或义务做某事。 1. should/ ought to +动词原形 2. should和ought to的肯定、否定、疑问式。 肯定式：should be should do ought to be ought to do 否定式：shouldnt be shouldnt do ought not to be ought not to do 疑问式： Should+主语+be？ Should+主语+do？ Ought+主语+to be？ Ought+主语+to do？ Unit2 不定式和动名词1. 后面只能接不定式（-to do）的动词有（常见的）：ask, agree, seem, plan, wish, want, hope, would like, refuse, decide 2. 后面只能接动名词（-ing）的词有：enjoy, practice, finish, keep, mind, admit, deny, suggest, cinsider, feel like, imagine, be busy, look forward to 3. 区别理解：stop to do sth.停下来,开始做另一件事 try to do sth. 尽力做某事 stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 remember to do sth. 记得要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事 remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 4. make/ let/ have sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事 5. 感官动词 see/watch/notice/listen to/hear sb. do sth. 看见/注意到/听到某人做某事 see/watch/notice/listen to/hear sb. doing sth. 看见/注意到/听到某人正在做某事 Unit 3 形容词的比较级与最高级1.比较级与最高级的构成 （1）. 一般情况直接在形容词后比较级+ er, 最高级+est。如long-longer-longest （2）. 以不发音e结尾形容词后比较级+ r, 最高级+st。如large-larger-largest （3）. 以一个辅音字母结尾（除x)重读闭音节形容词:要双写该辅音字母比较级er, 最高级+est。如big-bigger-biggest （4）.以辅音字母y结尾的形容词去y ，比较级+ ier, 最高级+iest. 如heavy-heavier-heaviest （5）. 一部分双音节或全部多音节的形容词和副词: 比较级在原级前more, 最高级在原级前most。如important-more important-the most important （6）.不规则形容词和副词变化： good -better-best bad / ill -worse-worstmany / much-more-most little -less-least old -older-oldest 更老的，旧的 / old- elder- eldest 年长的 far -farther-farthest （距离）更远的 / far- further-furthest（程度）更深的 3. 比较级与最高级的构成 （1）.比较级：比较级表示“更”，用于两个人或物的比较，句中常出现than（比）/or(两者选择); 比较级前可用much, a little, a bit, a lot, far, even等词修饰表示程度,起强调作用。（2）最高级: 最高级表示 “最”,用于三个或以上的人或物作比较表示最高程度, 结构是 the+最高级+of/in短语,有时句中有表示三者或以上的词来暗示;注意:形容词最高级前要用the 4. “比较级+and+比较级” 表示 “越来越”如 faster and faster, hotter and hotter 但多音节的形容词要用“more and more+形容词原级”的表达 如：more and more beautiful，more and more interesting 5.“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数” 表示“最之一”Unit 4 （一）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在仍产生的影响或结果，或过去的动作持续到现在。 例：He has already studied in this school for two years. 1.现在完成时的构成 肯定式：have/ has+过去分词 否定式：havent/ hasnt+ 过去分词 疑问式：Have/Has+主语+过去分词？ 2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 一般过去时和现在完成时都表示过去发生的动作。但一般过去时表示动作在过去曾经发生过，它与现在无关；现在完成时的动作对现在产生影响，与现在有关。 4. 一般过去时的时间状语：ago, yesterday, last week/year 等 5. 现在完成时的时间状语及常搭配的词：for+一段时间, since+过去时间, just, already, yet, never, ever, recently, twice, so far, in the past/last 10 years 等。 6. have been to 与have gone to 的区别 have been to 表示已经去过，现在已经回来 have gone to 表示已经去过，现在还没有回来（二）感叹句的表达1.How+形容词/副词+（主语+谓语） 如：How clever you are! How carefully he writes! 2.What+（a/an）+形容词+名词+（主语+谓语） 如：What a beautiful city it is! What an interesting story it is！What beautiful flowers they are! What nice weather it is!Unit5 副词副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子的词。副词的构成：1. 在形容词后直接+ly， 如：careful-carefully；quick-quickly 2. 辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，把y改为i再+ly， 如：happy-happily；angry-angrily 3. 以le结尾的形容词，去掉e再+y， 如：simple-simply；terrible-terribly 4. 有些词既可以做形容词也可以做副词 如：late，early，hard，fast，far，high 5. good的副词是 well 6. 注意：hardly（几乎不） 与hard的区别；friendly是形容词其的副词是friendlily Unit6 被动语态（be+过去分词）1. 一般现在时的被动语态：am./is/are+过去分词，常与every day，every year，sometimes，often，usually等状语连用。如：Our classroom is cleaned every day. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+ 过去分词，常与yesterday，ago，last year，in the past等时间状语连用。如：Many trees were planted in our school last year. 3. 含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词（may, should, can, must等）+be+过去分词。如：The light in the room must be turned off before you leave. Unit7(一) why 和because的用法 1. because与so不可以同时使用 2. because+句子；because of+名词/名词短语/动名词 如：The ground was wet because it rained last night. The ground was wet because of the rain. （二）使用以下句型对事物进行比较 as+形容词/副词原级+as “与一样” 如：This film is as interesting as that one. not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as “与不一样” This book is not as useful as you think. as many+可数名词复数+as Bob has read as many books as Mary. as much+不可数名词+as There is as much water in this bottle as in that bottle. （三）使用like，the same as，be different from 等句型比较事物的异同be/look like 像 He looks like his father. the same as 和一样 Your pen is the same as mine. be different from 与不同 City life is quite different from country life. 练习：1. We _ be rude to our parents. A. ought B. ought to C. ought not D. ought not to2. I would like _ an English song for you. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. to singing 3.Remember _him about it when he comes back. Sure, I will. A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. to telling 4. Jill denied_ the vase but she admitted _ the vase. A. to steal, seeing B. stealing, to see C. to steal, to see D. stealing, seeing 5. Liu Mei is even _ at singing than dancing. A. good B. better C. best D. the best6. Guangzhou is one of _ in the world. A. the biggest city B. strongest cities C .richest cities D. the most crowded cities 7. I have taught English in this school _ 1980. It was thirty years ago. A. after B. in C. since D. for 8. When _Mr. Green _ to Australia? -He _ there for a month. He will be back tomorrow. A. hasgone; has gone B. has been; has been C. didgo; has been D. didgo; has gone 9._ poor child the boy is! A. How B. What a C. What D. How a 10._ nice weather it is! A. How B. What a C. What D. How a 11. LiuMing studies very _, and he _ watches TV at home. A. hard; hardly B. hardly; hard C. hard; hard D. hardly; hardly12. Daniel is a _ cook. He can cook very _. A. well; good B. good; well C. good; good D. well; well13. In my home, meals _ often _ by my mother. A. is; cook B. are; cook C .is; cooked D. are; cooked 14.The girl _ lots of questions by the policeman yesterday. A. will ask B. is asked C. asked D. was asked 15. Lights must _ before you leave the room. A. be turn off B. turned off C. be turned off D. be turned 16. At night, a light is _at the front of the raft. A. hang B. hanged C. hung D. be hung 17.-_ did you go to school by bus yesterday? -Because my bike was broken. A. How B. When C. What D. Why 18. I couldnt fall asleep _ the noise outside. A. because B. because of C. so D. as 19. Things are _ you said, well still have a bright future. A. as bad as B .so bad as C. the bad as D. not so bad as 20. City life is quite different _ country life. A. as B. to C. from D. for
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