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2013年江苏D篇阅读理解解析1. And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism. 他还值得这样一个额外赞美：一个使抨击种族主义的聪明文学变得流行的作家。解析：popularize vt. 使通俗化; 宣传; 普及 popularize environmental protection knowledge 普及环保知识the clever literary attack on racism 抨击种族主义的聪明文学 (相对于直接抨击种族主义的文学而言)2. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. 有点不同的是，马克吐温把攻击奴隶制和种族歧视的观点融入到他的作品中，尽管这些故事表面上全是关于别的。解析：with minor exceptions 有一点例外 plant sth into sth. 把植入到中on the surface 从表面上看 be about something else 关于别的事with the exception of = except; not including 除了之外；不包括在内All his novels are set in Italy with the exception of his last one. 除了最后一部小说之外，他的其它小说全是以意大利为背景的。3. Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race. 吐温好像不得不面临来自种族的挑战seem forced to do sth. 好像不得不做某事 forced adj. 被迫的；不得已的4. Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twains novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. 就拿他那至少从今天来看最具争议的哈克贝利历险记来说。解析：consider =think about sth carefully 细想一下 the most controversial of Twains novels 马克吐温最具争议的一本小说5. Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twains most widely read tale. 只有少数几本书能像哈克贝利历险记那样，被人们经常从书架上拿出来阅读。这是吐温最受欢迎的书。解析：kick off 原意指“踢开；踢掉”（remove someone from a team or group）Joe was kicked off the committee for stealing funds. 乔因为偷窃资金被从委员会开除。 “开球；开始”=start What time shall we kick off? 我们什么时候开始？kick the book off the shelf 把书从书架上拿下来6. because it struck them as rude. 因为它给他们的印象是粗野。解析：strike sb as sth. 给某人以印象；让某人觉得How does the idea strike you? 你觉得这个主意怎么样？She strikes me as a very efficient person. 在我眼里，她是一个很干练的人。7. More recently the book has been attacked because of the character of Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurences of the word nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often severely criticized, never appears in it.) 最近，人们批评这本书，是因为里面有一个名叫吉姆的逃亡奴隶，还因为“黑鬼”这个词语出现的次数太多。(正是由于“黑鬼吉姆”这个词语，这本书不断受到人们的严厉批评，但这个词语在小说中从来没有出现过)解析：and连接的是the character 和many occrences, 作because of 的宾语 many occurrences of the word nigger “黑鬼”这个词语的多次出现8. But the attacks were and are sillyand miss the point. 但是不管是过去还是现在对它的批评都是愚蠢的，而且没有抓住要点。9. Jims search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic. 尽管吉姆被驱逐出他的家庭，他仍然努力地在各个蓄奴州寻找他的家人。 解析：be forcibly parted 被强行分开 forcibly adj. 强行地；强制地The police threatened to have protestors forcibly removed . 警察威胁要强行驱散抗议者。part vt 使分开；使分离 I hate being parted from the children. 我不愿意与孩子们分开。10. As J. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fictiona recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.” J.Chadwick 指出，吉姆的形象在美国小说领域属于首创。这是对奴隶具有两种性格的肯定。“在白人奴隶文化里寻求生存的声音和个人主义的声音：吉姆，父亲和男人”解析：that the slave had two personalities 是recognition的同位语。11. There is much more. Twains mystery novel Puddnhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day. 更有甚者，吐温的悬疑小说傻瓜威尔逊是对当时许多自由主义者的种族观点的一种挑战。解析：注意mystery novel 是“悬疑小说”，而非“神秘小说”（mysterious novel）。stand as a challenge to sth 是对的挑战。the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day 当时许多自由主义者的种族观点。 liberal n 自由主义者12. Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior to whites, especially in intelligence, Twains tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.在那个时代，人们认为，黑人比白人低等，尤其在智力上。吐温的故事部分讲述了两个自出生就被交换的婴儿的故事。解析：the accepted wisdom 公认的看法 negro “黑鬼”，对黑人的蔑称hold sth. to be sth.(常用被动语态) =consider sth. to be sth视为 These vases are held to be the finest examples of Greek art. 这些花瓶被视为最精美的希腊艺术代表作。center around 围绕；以为中心13. The slaves light-skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave-holding class. 奴隶自己的浅肤色的孩子被当成白人对待，并且教育他，主张支持奴隶制。解析：take sth. for/to be sth. 把看做；误以为I took the man with him to be his father. 我误以为和他在一起的那个人是他的父亲。with 表“具有”14. The point was difficult to miss: nurture (养育), not nature, was the key to social status.社会地位是由后天的教育而不是天生的条件决定的，这一点再明确不过了。=It was quite clear that it was nurture, not nature, that decided ones social status.15. The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudicemanner of speech, for examplewere, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims. 人们歧视的是奴隶本身的一些特点，比如说话的方式。吐温认为，这些特点正是奴隶制度强加给奴隶的结果。解析：主句是The features wereindicative of nothing other than the conditioning “这些特点正是（奴隶制度）作用的结果”be indicative of sth 显示出；表明；暗示了This behaviour is indicative of her whole attitude, Im afraid. 恐怕这一行为表明了他整个态度。that provided the stuff of prejudice 做定语修饰features 意为“给种族偏见提供基础的(这些特征)”stuff n (1)东西；物品 (2)基础；原料；材料；(3)话头；事nothing other than 不是别的，正是.conditioning n 熏陶；条件作用Is personality the result of conditioning from parents and society, or are we born with it?个性是受父母和社会熏陶的结果，还是我们生而有之？16. Twains racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youthmostly with white men performing in black-faceand his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. 吐温的种族论调并不完美。比如他的自传里边讲述他年轻时如何喜欢叫做“黑人表演”的长篇大论，这些黑人都是白人带着“黑人脸”表演的。他看到妈妈嘲笑他们，他很开心。解析：One it left uneasy by the lengthy passage in his autobiography是主句，译文“人们读过他自传里面的长篇大论后，会感到很不舒服”。leave sb. uneasy “使某人不爽”。and连接的是how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth 和his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them, 做介词about 的宾语。17. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not. 但是我们没有理由认为吐温觉得这种表演反映了现实。他对奴隶制和种族偏见的频频抨击说明他深切地意识到情况是恰恰相反的。解析：see as 把看做.;认为是. keen awareness 强烈的意识Keen adj (1)热切的；渴望的；热衷的 be keen to do sth. /be keen that. /be keen on doing sth. 渴望/热衷于做某事John was very keen to help. 约翰很热心，愿意帮忙。I wasnt keen on going to the party. 我不太想去参加这次聚会。 (2)热情的，热心的 a keen supporter of the team 球队热情的支持者 (3)喜爱；对着迷 be keen on sth./doing sth. 喜欢（做）某事 (4)强烈的；浓厚的；深切的 a keen sense of tradition 强烈的传统意识18. If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present, we will find nothing but error. 如果我们用现在的道德评价标准来阅读过去的文字和思想，我们只能发现谬误。 解析：wisdom n 智慧；才智 considered adj. 经过仔细考虑的；经过深思熟虑的the considered moral judgments 经过成熟考虑的道德评价标准19. And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century. 吐温在一个蓄奴州长大，曾当过兵，创作了吉姆这个形象，或许比过去任何一个小说家，更能够提醒人们种族间的不公并且唤醒他们的集体良知。解析：raised in a slave state是过去分词作定语，briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim可以看作Twain 的同位语。anger the nation over racial injustice通过种族间的不公平来激怒全国， collective conscience 集体良知
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