2019中考英语一轮复习 完形填空之推理判断练习课件 人教新目标版.ppt

完形填空之推理判断 Who FirstheisadetectiveSecond helivedinLondonin19centuryThirdhelikedplayingviolin SherlockHolmes HaveyouseenSherlock DoyouknowtheSherlockHolmesMuseum Afterbuyingticketspeopleehere Rangthebell themaidestoopenthedoor HolmesandWatson slivingroom Insidethelivingroomisafireplace 壁炉 Infrontofthefireplace thenetothethirdfloor Holmes sassistant Billy 完形填空的题型特点 选项所给的四个词的词性和意义相同或相近 如果脱离语境或只看句子的一部分 可能会有两个或两个以上的答案 若放在整篇文章提供的语境中 利用上下文提供的各种信息综合分析 则只有一个最佳答案 这种考查方式所占的比例较大 且难度也大 若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析 或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的 若放在全局 则不一定正确 因此 快速浏览全文 领悟文章主旨 通过上下文的语境来推理判断答案是解决这类题的关键 做完形填空 我们可以从一下几个方面进行推理判断 一 通过语境进行判断这种解题信息分前置信息和后置信息两种 即充分利用文章的上下文和前后句 找到对选择有提示作用的词或句 1 运用 前置信息 Aliciawasayoungwomanwholikedtoexerciseforherhealth Infact shewalkedfivekilometersbeforebreakfasteverymorning andwentswimmingonceaweekattheswimmingpool Shedidn tsmokeandnever36 Shedidn teatchocolate 36 A exercisedB drankC walkedD slept B 一 通过语境进行判断这种解题信息分前置信息和后置信息两种 即充分利用文章的上下文和前后句 找到对选择有提示作用的词或句 1 运用 前置信息 Aliciawasayoungwomanwholikedtoexerciseforherhealth Infact shewalkedfivekilometersbeforebreakfasteverymorning andwentswimmingonceaweekattheswimmingpool Shedidn tsmokeandnever36 Shedidn teatchocolate 36 A exercisedB drankC walkedD slept B 一 通过语境进行判断这种解题信息分前置信息和后置信息两种 即充分利用文章的上下文和前后句 找到对选择有提示作用的词或句 1 运用 前置信息 Aliciawasayoungwomanwholikedtoexerciseforherhealth Infact shewalkedfivekilometersbeforebreakfasteverymorning andwentswimmingonceaweekattheswimmingpool Shedidn tsmokeandnever36 Shedidn teatchocolate 36 A exercisedB drankC walkedD slept B 解析 从上文中可知艾丽西娅是个喜欢锻炼身体的年轻女子 事实上 她每天早饭前步行五公里 每周去游泳池游泳一次 可以推断出她有着非常健康的生活习惯 所以她不抽烟也不喝酒 练习 Beforeyoumakefriends youhavetodecidewhomyouwanttochoosetobeyourfriends Mostpeopleliketohavefriendswholiketodothesamekindsofthingsastheydo Thinkaboutyourfavouritethingsandtrytalkingtoyourclassmatesaboutyour 72 D 72 A familyB schoolC parentsD hobbies 练习 Beforeyoumakefriends youhavetodecidewhomyouwanttochoosetobeyourfriends Mostpeopleliketohavefriendswholiketodothesamekindsofthingsastheydo Thinkaboutyourfavouritethingsandtrytalkingtoyourclassmatesaboutyour 72 D 72 A familyB schoolC parentsD hobbies 解答 D 考查名词 A family家庭 B school学校 C parents父母 D hobbies爱好 根据前文说到大部分人交朋友都喜欢交往志同道合的朋友 由此可知 题干处说的是跟同班同学谈论兴趣爱好 结合选项 D符合语境 故选D 2 运用 后置信息 Aftersayinggoodbye theladycontinueddowntheroaduntilshereachedasmall42whereshedecidedtostopforsomethingtoeat Astheprettywaitresstookherorder theladynoticedshewasnearlyeightmonthspregnant 怀孕 42 A restaurantB bookstoreC cinemaD library A 2 运用 后置信息 Aftersayinggoodbye theladycontinueddowntheroaduntilshereachedasmall42whereshedecidedtostopforsomethingtoeat Astheprettywaitresstookherorder theladynoticedshewasnearlyeightmonthspregnant 怀孕 42 A restaurantB bookstoreC cinemaD library A 2 运用 后置信息 Aftersayinggoodbye theladycontinueddowntheroaduntilshereachedasmall42whereshedecidedtostopforsomethingtoeat Astheprettywaitresstookherorder theladynoticedshewasnearlyeightmonthspregnant 怀孕 42 A restaurantB bookstoreC cinemaD library A 解析 A 从下文whereshedecidedtostopforsomethingtoeat她决定停下来吃点东西可以推断出她到达的是一个吃饭的地方 根据选项的意思可知 练习 Askyournewfriendsquestionsabout 78 C Who stheirfavouritesinger Wheredotheylive Who stheirteacher Whatdotheydoafterschool Theseareallgoodquestionstostartaconversation 78 A yourselfB meC themselvesD it 练习 Askyournewfriendsquestionsabout 78 C Who stheirfavouritesinger Wheredotheylive Who stheirteacher Whatdotheydoafterschool Theseareallgoodquestionstostartaconversation 78 A yourselfB meC themselvesD it 解析 C 考查代词 A yourself你自己 B me我 C themselves他 她 它们自己D it它 根据后文Who stheir singer Wheredotheylive Who stheirteacher 他们最喜欢的歌手是谁 他们住哪里 他们的老师是谁 由此可知这些问题都是关于朋友们的 结合选项 他们对应的反身代词是themselves 故选C 3 运用前置和后置信息Stevenson aScotsman hadlived 18 formanyyears In1881hereturnedtoScotlandforaholiday A aloneB nextdoorC athomeD abroad D 3 运用前置和后置信息Stevenson aScotsman hadlived 18 formanyyears In1881hereturnedtoScotlandforaholiday A aloneB nextdoorC athomeD abroad D 3 运用前置和后置信息Stevenson aScotsman hadlived 18 formanyyears In1881hereturnedtoScotlandforaholiday A aloneB nextdoorC athomeD abroad D 解析 根据上文可知 Stevenson aScotsman史蒂文森是苏格兰人 多年来一直生活在苏格兰 根据下文可知hereturnedtoScotland他重返故土苏格兰 可知史蒂文森常年住在苏格兰 练习 Laughingwithafriendisthebest 37 Bsometimescryingbringsyoucloser 更亲密的 together 37 A becauseB butC ifD or 练习 Laughingwithafriendisthebest 37 Bsometimescryingbringsyoucloser 更亲密的 together 37 A becauseB butC ifD or 解答 B 考查连词 A because因为 B but但是 C if如果 是否 D or或者 根据后文的crying和前文的Laughing 可知这是转折关系 故选B 二 利用复现词语进行判断有时为了表达的需求 在上下文中有同一概念出现 可以借助这一信息选择正确答案 Friendshipisoneofthepermanentthemesintheliteratureofalllanguage Someofuslike 10 friendswhileotherslikedifferentfriends PersonallyIpreferboth Havingsimilarfriendshasmanyadvantages 10 A trueB rightC sameD similar D 二 利用复现词语进行判断有时为了表达的需求 在上下文中有同一概念出现 可以借助这一信息选择正确答案 Friendshipisoneofthepermanentthemesintheliteratureofalllanguage Someofuslike 10 friendswhileotherslikedifferentfriends PersonallyIpreferboth Havingsimilarfriendshasmanyadvantages 10 A trueB rightC sameD similar D 二 利用复现词语进行判断有时为了表达的需求 在上下文中有同一概念出现 可以借助这一信息选择正确答案 Friendshipisoneofthepermanentthemesintheliteratureofalllanguage Someofuslike 10 friendswhileotherslikedifferentfriends PersonallyIpreferboth Havingsimilarfriendshasmanyadvantages 10 A trueB rightC sameD similar D 解析 根据句意whileotherslikedifferentfriends 但其他人喜欢不同的朋友可知主句为有些人喜欢类似的朋友 A 真正的 B 正确的 C 相同的 D 类似的 下文中中有similarfriends 可知答案为D 练习 Thequickestwaytomakeafriendisto 73 A Ifyoudoso peoplethinkyouare 74 friendly Atfirst itmaynotbeeasytosmile However rememberthat 75 nobodylikesanangryface 73 A smileB writeC singD shout 练习 Thequickestwaytomakeafriendisto 73 A Ifyoudoso peoplethinkyouare 74 friendly Atfirst itmaynotbeeasytosmile However rememberthat 75 nobodylikesanangryface 73 A smileB writeC singD shout 解答 A 考查动词 A smile微笑 B write写 C sing唱歌 D shout大叫 根据后文Atfirst itmaynotbeeasytosmile首先 微笑可能是不容易的 由此可知前文说到的交朋友最快的方式是微笑 故选A 三 通过逻辑推理进行判断由一个或几个已知的判断 前提 推导出一个未知的结论的思维过程 1 Foralongtimeshestoodinthebasketsilently andonlykepthereyes 45 tolookatallthewonderfulsightsbelow 45 A closedB openC clean B 三 通过逻辑推理进行判断由一个或几个已知的判断 前提 推导出一个未知的结论的思维过程 1 Foralongtimeshestoodinthebasketsilently andonlykepthereyes 45 tolookatallthewonderfulsightsbelow 45 A closedB openC clean B 三 通过逻辑推理进行判断由一个或几个已知的判断 前提 推导出一个未知的结论的思维过程 1 Foralongtimeshestoodinthebasketsilently andonlykepthereyes 45 tolookatallthewonderfulsightsbelow 45 A closedB openC clean B 解析 由于look可以推理判断 眼镜是睁开的 所以答案为B 练习 Hey deafanddumb what sthetime Theytoldmethathecouldneitherhearnor 39 39 A speakB seeC answer A 练习 Hey deafanddumb what sthetime Theytoldmethathecouldneitherhearnor 39 39 A speakB seeC answer A 解析 从句中的deafanddumb 又聋又哑 可以推理判断出他既不能听 也不能说 故答案为A 四 利用逻辑关系进行推理判断做题时如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语 就可以迅速理清文章的脉络 弄清上下文的关系 表示结构层次的firstly secondly finally等 表示并列关系的and or besides aswell as 等 表示因果关系的therefore so等 表示递进关系的besides what smore 等 表示转折关系的however but while ontheotherhand等等 例1 Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow Butinsomeplacesitisvery A deepB highC coldD dangerous 例1 Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow Butinsomeplacesitisvery A deepB highC coldD dangerous 例1 Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow Butinsomeplacesitisvery A deepB highC coldD dangerous 解析 根据转折连词but的提示 所填入的词应与shallow浅的相反 因此答案为A A 练习 MrsO Neillasked questionsandshedidn tscolduseither A noB certainC manyD more 练习 MrsO Neillasked questionsandshedidn tscolduseither A noB certainC manyD more 解析 and是一个并列连词 either为副词 用在否定句或否定词后加强语势 由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词 因此答案是A 五 根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理判断完形填空题的选文为独立的语篇 它以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息 但有时渗透着文化科学 历史地理 风俗民情等方面的知识 在做题时 若能积极调动自己的生活常识和文化背景知识 巧妙地加以运用 必能轻松解题 例 Theoldmanlookedatme Thenhelookedathis andreplied It s5 30 A umbrellaB homeC watch 五 根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理判断完形填空题的选文为独立的语篇 它以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息 但有时渗透着文化科学 历史地理 风俗民情等方面的知识 在做题时 若能积极调动自己的生活常识和文化背景知识 巧妙地加以运用 必能轻松解题 例 Theoldmanlookedatme Thenhelookedathis andreplied It s5 30 A umbrellaB homeC watch 解析 根据句意可知他看的物体应该可以显示时间 A umbrella雨伞 B home家 C watch手表 根据常识手表显示时间 1 TheyhadtotraveloutsideFranceforseveralweeks Thatafternoon Ihadto outofonefamily shouseandintoanother A moveB travelC walkD rush 1 TheyhadtotraveloutsideFranceforseveralweeks Thatafternoon Ihadto outofonefamily shouseandintoanother A moveB travelC walkD rush 解答 A 考查推理能力 根据前句可知原来的寄宿家庭要出国 那他一定是要 搬出去 到另一家去 选项A正确 2 AssoonasIsatdown my 41 madethechairbegintoroll Itswheelswerenot 42 41 A heightB forceC skillD weight42 A lockedB repairedC poweredD grasped 2 AssoonasIsatdown my 41 madethechairbegintoroll Itswheelswerenot 42 41 A heightB forceC skillD weight42 A lockedB repairedC poweredD grasped 解答 D和A 考查推理能力 由前面句中的thechairbegantoroll 推出正是轮子没有锁上 加上重力 才会滚动 故选择D和A 3 Lisawasoneofthemobilechildren 39 fromhousetohouseinchildhood Shelongsforasenseof 40 andsowehaveetoNovaScotiawheremyhusbandandIwerebornandwhereourancestors 41 for200years 39 A passedB raisedC movedD sent40 A homeB dutyC realityD relief41 A builtB livedC remainedD explored 3 Lisawasoneofthemobilechildren 39 fromhousetohouseinchildhood Shelongsforasenseof 40 andsowehaveetoNovaScotiawheremyhusbandandIwerebornandwhereourancestors 41 for200years 39 A passedB raisedC movedD sent40 A homeB dutyC realityD relief41 A builtB livedC remainedD explored 解答 考查推理能力 前句的关键词themobilechildren 和fromhousetohouse 体现了原因 Lisa从小居无定所 得出结论 渴望有家的感觉 根据这两者间的因果关系 得出正确答案为CAB 一 完型填空Lofton 洛夫顿 isalittlevillagenotfarfromManchester 曼彻斯特 Likemany 1 villagesneartownsorcities itiscleanandquiet Notmanyfamilies 2 there sothepeopleallknow 3 Mostofthemarefriendlyandhelpful 4 theirhomesareinLofton manypeoplehavejobsinManchester Someworkinthebigfactories 5 workinshopsoroffices Mostofthesepeoplegotoworkbytrain Itusuallytakesthemabout 6 togetfromLoftontoManchester Intheeveningalotofpeoplelike 7 TV Iftheywanttoseeafilmortolistentoaconcert 音乐会 they 8 gotoManchester TherearenocinemasinLofton LifeinLoftonmaynotbesoexcitingaslifeinthe 9 cities butitcanbejustas 10 asthere ThatiswhypeopleinLoftonlovetheirlittlevillage 1 A anyB othersC other2 A livesB havelivedC live3 A eachanotherB eachotherC otherone4 A ThoughB ButC So5 A LittleB AfewC Few6 A ahalfhourB halfhourC halfanhour7 A towatchingB watchingC tobewatched8 A havetoB hadtoC need9 A morelargerB largerC largerthanother10 A interestedB moreinterestingC interesting 一 完型填空Lofton 洛夫顿 isalittlevillagenotfarfromManchester 曼彻斯特 Likemany 1 villagesneartownsorcities itiscleanandquiet Notmanyfamilies 2 there sothepeopleallknow 3 Mostofthemarefriendlyandhelpful 4 theirhomesareinLofton manypeoplehavejobsinManchester Someworkinthebigfactories 5 workinshopsoroffices Mostofthesepeoplegotoworkbytrain Itusuallytakesthemabout 6 togetfromLoftontoManchester 1 A anyB othersC other2 A livesB havelivedC live3 A eachanotherB eachotherC otherone4 A ThoughB ButC So5 A LittleB AfewC Few6 A ahalfhourB halfhourC halfanhour 答案 1 5 CCBAB6 C Intheeveningalotofpeoplelike 7 TV Iftheywanttoseeafilmortolistentoaconcert 音乐会 they 8 gotoManchester TherearenocinemasinLofton LifeinLoftonmaynotbesoexcitingaslifeinthe 9 cities butitcanbejustas 10 asthere ThatiswhypeopleinLoftonlovetheirlittlevillage 7 A towatchingB watchingC tobewatched8 A havetoB hadtoC need9 A morelargerB largerC largerthanother10 A interestedB moreinterestingC interesting 答案 7 10 BABC 二 完形填空 Ifyouwanttohavetruefriends youshouldbeatruefriendyourself Wonder 11 youcando Herearesometips 12 andcrytogetherLaughingwithafriendisthebest 13 sometimescryingbringsyoucloser 更亲密的 together Don tbe 14 tobeyourselfwhenyoustayyou reyourfriends Shareyour 15 feelingswithyourfriends Thenfriendswillknoweachother 16 better BeanicegiftgiverGift givingisn tjustforbirthdaysorholidays itcanbeafunwayofmakingyourfriends 17 special Butyoudon tneedtobuy 18 gifts Makingthingsbyyourself 19 yourcare becauseyouputtimeandideasintoyour 20 Standupforhimorher Ifsomeone 21 yourfriend don tjuststandtherequietly Do 22 aboutit Youcantryto 23 asmartwaytosolve 解决 theproblemandmakeotherslookatyourfrienddifferently Sometimesit snecessary 24 youtomakehimorherfeelbetter Itmaynotbe 25 butit swhatagoodfriendshoulddo 11 A whoB whenC whatD how12 A ThinkB LaughC SingD Dance13 A becauseB butC ifD or14 A boredB tiredC surprisedD afraid15 A trueB difficultC funnyD boring 16 A soB veryC muchD quite17 A keepB feelC lookD get18 A expensiveB interestingC usefulD real19 A letsB wishesC helpsD shows20 A friendsB birthdaysC giftsD holidays21 A laughsatB looksatC thinksaboutD talksto22 A somethingB anythingC everythingD nothing23 A findB askC startD teach24 A ofB forC toD with25 A strictB sorryC easyD smart 二 完形填空 Ifyouwanttohavetruefriends youshouldbeatruefriendyourself Wonder 11 youcando Herearesometips 12 andcrytogetherLaughingwithafriendisthebest 13 sometimescryingbringsyoucloser 更亲密的 together Don tbe 14 tobeyourselfwhenyoustayyou reyourfriends 11 A whoB whenC whatD how12 A ThinkB LaughC SingD Dance13 A becauseB butC ifD or14 A boredB tiredC surprisedD afraid 答案 11 14CBBD Shareyour 15 feelingswithyourfriends Thenfriendswillknoweachother 16 better BeanicegiftgiverGift givingisn tjustforbirthdaysorholidays itcanbeafunwayofmakingyourfriends 17 special Butyoudon tneedtobuy 18 gifts Makingthingsbyyourself 19 yourcare becauseyouputtimeandideasintoyour 20 15 A trueB difficultC funnyD boring16 A soB veryC muchD quite17 A keepB feelC lookD get18 A expensiveB interestingC usefulD real19 A letsB wishesC helpsD shows20 A friendsB birthdaysC giftsD holidays 答案 15 A16 20 CBADC Standupforhimorher Ifsomeone 21 yourfriend don tjuststandtherequietly Do 22 aboutit Youcantryto 23 asmartwaytosolve 解决 theproblemandmakeotherslookatyourfrienddifferently Sometimesit snecessary 24 youtomakehimorherfeelbetter Itmaynotbe 25 butit swhatagoodfriendshoulddo 21 A laughsatB looksatC thinksaboutD talksto22 A somethingB anythingC everythingD nothing23 A findB askC startD teach24 A ofB forC toD with25 A strictB sorryC easyD smart 答案 21 25 AAABC 完形填空Iusedtogivemuchmoneytothehomelessaround feelingsorryfortheirmisfortune 不幸 ButlaterIbecameasinglemom 1 nohome ahugedebt 债务 andhardlyanyine 2 Istoppedgivingandbecameverybitter Severalyearslater thingsstartedto 3 Ibecamerichenoughtohaveahome and 4 abackyard AndIstartedtopullmyselfoutofdebt Onedaywesawahomelesspersonwitha 5 Willworkforfood Ipassedhim MydaughteraskedwhyInolongerhelpedthepeoplein 6 Ireplied Honey theyjustusethatmoneyfor 7 orotherbadthings Shedidn tanswer ButwhenIsaidthat itdidn tfeelright Threedayslater Iwas 8 topickupmydaughterfromschool Amanwasstandingonthecornerandsomethingdeepinside 9 metohelphim SoIstoppedmycar andheranoverwithenthusiasm 热情 Hesaid Godblessyou Ionlyneed77cents Ireachedintomyashtray 烟灰缸 anditwas 10 enoughthattherewasjust77cents Greatlyshockedbythiscoincidence 巧合 Igavehimallthe 11 intheashtray Heburstoutwithjoyand 12 inhiseyes Youjustmadeit 13 formetoseemymomforChristmas Thebusofferingthisgreatsaleis 14 rightaway ItwasamomentthatI llneverforget Ithinkthatmanwon tforgetiteither butIamtheonewhogetsthebest 15 inmylife Italsoremindsmethatnothingisacoincidence andeverythinghasitsmeaning 1 A withB toC onD without2 A InfactB InawordC AsaresultD Inall3 A developB turnC showD change4 A evenB stillC yetD only5 A wordB expressionC signD letter6 A safetyB dangerC needD fear7 A foodB wineC medicineD music8 A drivingB joggingC walkingD cycling 9 A preventedB challengedC allowedD drove10 A gladB strangeC happyD natural11 A ashB yuanC waterD money12 A smileB lookC waterD tears13 A necessaryB difficultC possibleD suitable14 A liningB leavingC gettingD operating15 A giftB timeC turnD price 答案 1 5 ACDAC6 10 CBADB11 15 DDCBA