情态动词归纳总结.doc

情态动词归纳总结1. must与have tohave to强调客观需要, must着重主观看法。另外have to能用于更多时态, 比较下面的句子：We had to be there at 10:00. 有时两者都可以用, 意思差别不大。e. g. We must/have to leave now. 1)must “一定”或“准是”。(只有在肯定句中能这样用。) This must be your room 2)回答由must（“必须”）引起的问题, 否定回答neednt或dont have toYou mustnt touch the fire. mustnt“禁止，不准”Eg：-Must we finish the work tomorrow? -No, you neednt (dont have to), but you must finish it in three days.3) 表示“偏要，硬要”If you must go with me, I will have nothing to do but agree.4)表示坚定的建议。Eg：You mustnt miss the film. It is very good.2. may的用法: 1) 表示“允许”或“请求”。 eg. May I come in？ 在使用这一用法时需注意: may表示“允许”的否定形式must not或can not意思是“不应该” “不许可”。eg. May I take this book out of the reading-room？No, you mustnt/cant2)表示说话人的猜测，认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。Eg: He may know the answer He may not know the answer He can not know the answer3) may用在感叹句中可表示祝愿、愿望。 eg: May you succeed(祝你成功。)注意：may well +v. = be very likely to do 很可能，能 may as well + v. = had better/have no strong reason not to,意为“最好；满可以；倒不如”Eg：Her appearance has changed so much that you may well recognize her.You may as well do it at once.3. should是shall的过去式1）表示义务和责任Eg：You should do what your parents tell you. You should answer my question in English. 2) 表示猜测，推测 Eg：This book should be published in two months.3) 表示惊讶、失望、出乎意料等，常意为竟然。Eg：It seems so unfair that this should happen to me.4）用于虚拟语气。Eg：If it had not been for the doctors care, the girl should not be speaking to you now. I suggest that you should stay here.5) 用于第一人称疑问句，表征询意见eg： Should I help you carry the basket? What should I do for them? 我应当为他们做些什么？6）用于if条件句中，表示“万一”Eg: If you should see her, please tell her I have known the truth.4.shall 的用法 1）用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。Eg：Shall we begin at once? Shall they wait here or outside？2）用于第二、三人称陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、决心或威胁。Eg：You shall fail if you dont work harder. Everything he has shall be taken away. You shall get what you want if you follow me.3)用于所有人称，表示规章、法规、法令、预言等，可译为“必须”。eg: This law shall come into effect on May 1st. 5. 情态动词will1)在疑问句中用于第二人称前，表示请求或询问对方的意见。eg:Will/wouldyoupassthesalt? 请你把盐递给我，好吗？ Wontyoucomeinandhavealittletea? 2）表示“主观意志”或“决心”。Eg：I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. If you will, I will put on the coat for you before mirror3) 可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是；会要”的意思。Eg：Every morning he will have a walk along this river.4) 表示命令（说话者确信一定会得到执行）或允诺。Eg：They will get enough money from me.Youll report to me afterwards.6.can(could) 1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。 Twoeyescanseemorethanone.两只眼比一只眼看得清。 Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?2）可能(注意：多用于否定句和疑问句中，表示主观认为的可能性)。 Hecant(couldnt)haveenoughmoneyforanewcar. -Who can the person in blue be?-It may be Mr. WhiteWalking in the jungle can be dangerous. (客观上的可能性)在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。 3）表示征求同意。 Can/CouldIhavealookatyournewpen?Heaskedwhetherhecouldtakethebookoutofthereadingroom. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 Wherecan(could)theyhavegoneto?他们会去哪儿呢？ Hecant(couldnt)beoversixty.他不可能超过六十岁。 Howcanyoubesocareless?你怎么这么粗心？ 5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。 Can(Could)youlendmeahand?帮我一把好吗？ Imafraidwecouldntgiveyouananswertoday.恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。 can和beableto 1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，can, could；beableto有多种时态形式,而且侧重于表示能力。 Marycanplaythepiano.Shehasbeenabletoplayitsinceshewas5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。2）在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而waswereableto表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。 YesterdayIwasabletogethomebeforetheheavyrain.7.would 1）表意愿。 Theywouldnotlethiminbecausehewaspoorlydressed.2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 Wouldyoumindcleaningthewindow?Theywouldnthaveanythingagainstit.3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。 Everytimeshewasintrouble,shewouldgotohimforhelp. 8.oughtto1）“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should重。 Yououghtnttosmokesomuch.你不应该抽这么多烟。 2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。 HanMeioughttoknowhistelephonenumber.Theresafinesunset;itoughttobeafinedaytomorrow.今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。9.usedto 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。 Thereusedtobeabuildingatthestreetcorner,butithasbeenpulleddown. Iusednt(didntuse)tosmoke.我过去不抽烟。10. need和dare的用法 用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。 1.用作情态动词 -NeedIcome?-Yes,youmust. Youneednttelephonehimnow. Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight. HowdareyousayImunfair? Notoneofthemdaredmentionthis.2.用作实义动词 （Idaresay为固定习语） Youdontneedtodoityourself.你不必亲自做这件事。 Weneedtotellthemthenews.我们需要把这消息告诉他们。 Thetableneedspainting(tobepainted.).Hedidnotdare(to)lookup.他不敢抬头看。 Idaresayhellcomeagain.我想他会再来的。情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法 1.情态动词后跟完成式，表“应当已经”，“想必已经”，“本来可以”等意。 Ishouldhavefinishedtheworkearlier.我应当早一点完成这项工作的。 Heisnthere.Hemusthavemissedthetrain.他还未到，一定是没赶上火车。 Wherecan(could)hehavegone?他能到那里去了呢？ Youmay(might)havereadaboutit.你可能在报上已经读到这件事了。 Youcould(might)havebeenmorecareful.你本来可以更细心的。 Heneednthaveworriedaboutit.他本不必为此事担心。 Therewasalotoffunatyesterdaysparty.Yououghttohavecome,butwhydidntyou? 昨天的聚会非常有意思。你本应该来，为何不来呢？2.情态动词后跟进行式，表示“想必正在”，“可能正在”，“应当正在”等意。 Itstwelveoclock.Theymustbehavinglunch.现在是十二点。他们一定正在吃饭。 Theymaybediscussingthisproblem.他们可能正在论讨这个问题。 Hecantbetellingthetruth.他说的不可能是真话。 Sheshouldntbeworkinglikethat.Shesstillsoweak.她不应当那样干，她身体仍那么虚。Self-check 1. I am not sure, but I think Bob _ come to see me today.2.Developed countries think that developing countries _ accept globalization.3. If you need any help, I _ be the first one to give it to you.5. All of us _ learn to be polite and should not smoke or talk loudly in a public place.6. Lets get everything ready now. Our guests _ come at any time from now on.7. Look, the light is on. Bob _ be in the room now.8. I hope John _ come tomorrow. I have something important to tell him.9. Adults _ not be rude to children. Otherwise, they _ be rude to adults.10. I saw Mary in the bookstore a few minutes ago. She _ be in the classroom now. 1. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you _ take care of your luggage. (2007北京卷)A. can B. may C. must D. will2. - How is your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?- It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted.A. will B. would C. should D. must3. She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam.I guess so. Its not difficult after all. (2007)A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. might4. How is your tour around the North Lake, is it beautiful? It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. (2007)A. will B. would C. should D. must5. They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. A. will B. can C. must D. should 6.If you smoke, please go outside. A. can B. should C. must D. may7. I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not 8. Some young people these days just _ go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustntB. wontC. mightntD. shouldnt9.-Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?- I wanted to ,but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.A. could B. might C. would D. should10. No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. A. can B. need C. must D. might11. Will you read me a story ,Mummy? OK. You _have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A. might B. must C. could D. shall 12. I_through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone 13. Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting . A. will B. must C. may D. can