高中主谓一致课件(非常适合上课用).ppt

22 Thefactthatsomanypeoplestillsmokeinpublicplacesthatwemayneedanationwidecampaigntoraiseawarenessoftherisksofsmoking 2011江苏卷 A suggestB suggestsC suggestedD suggesting 解析 考查时态及主谓一致 句意 仍有许多人在公共场合抽烟 这个事实表明我们需要一场全国性的运动来增强抽烟有害健康的意识 答案 B 35 Allthescientificevidencethatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarmingdamagingourhealth 2012湖南卷 A show areB shows areC show isD shows is 解析 句意 所有的科学证据表明 农业方面越来越多的使用化学物质正在损害着我们的健康 主语是evidence 证据 不可数名词 所以谓语动词应用单数式shows 宾语从句的主语是use 使用 不可数名词 所以要用is 答案 D 主谓一致 AGREEMENT Usefulstructures 语法详解 所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间 即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式 Theboy diving They diving BothJackandTim diving Allofthem diving NeitherJacknorTim walking is are are is are Finishthefollowingexercises Bob Bob aworker is Mike MikeandBob workers are BothMikeandBob workers are NeitherMikenorBob ateacher is Bill Neitherofthem know howtoteachEnglish knows know Allofthem workers Noneofthem know howtoteachEnglish are knows know 主谓一致主要有以下几种情况 1 and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候 谓语动词有以下两种情况 1 Heandshe bothstudentsofthisschool 他和她都是这个学校的学生 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候 谓语动词用复数 一 语法一致原则 are 2 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物 或者指同一概念的时候 谓语要用单数 Thesingeranddancer goingtogiveusaperformance 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演 Theknifeandfork onthetable 刀叉在桌子上 is is 2 如果主语是不定式 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候 谓语动词一般用单数 Whenheiscoming veryimportant 他什么时候要来看起来很重要 Collectingstamps hishobby 收集邮票是他的爱好 Toloveher nottobreakherwings 爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀 seems is is 3 定语从句的关系代词who which that在从句中作主语时 要与先行词的人称和数保持一致 Thosewho singingmayjoinus Tom who yourfriend shouldhelpyou enjoy is 4 with alongwith togetherwith aswellas besides like without except but including如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用 谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化 例如 Theteacher togetherwithhisstudents plantingtreesinthestreet 老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树 is Mr Black aswellastwowomen attheoffice is Mr Black with togetherwith alongwith either or neither nor notonly butalso whether or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在therebe句型中 谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致 二 就近原则 NeitheryounorI wrong There acupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable am is Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher foraholiday wishes 三 概念一致原则 所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式 而是其实际意义 有的主语名词在形式上是单数 但在意义上却是复数 有的主语名词在形式上是复数 但在意义上却是单数 1 不定代词all more some any none作主语 谓语动词视情况而定 Alloftheapples rotten 所有的苹果都烂了 Alloftheapple rotten 整个苹果都烂了 are is Noneofthemoney left 没有剩下一点钱 Noneofthestudents there 没有学生在那里 is is None和neither有时当作单数看待 有时当作复数看待 主要根据说话人的意思决定 做主语时 谓动可用单数 也可用复数 但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数 因而谓动须用单数 Neitherofthem know howtoteachEnglish Noneofthem know howtoteachEnglish knows know knows know 2 therestof halfof partof majorityof percentof onethirdof在句子中加名词作主语的时候 谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致 Halfofthestudents finishedtheircomposition 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文 Halfoftheapple bad 一半的苹果坏了 About60percentofthestudentsinourschool boys 我们学校 大约百分之六十的学生是男生 have is are 3 集合名词作主语 动词可用单数 也可以用复数 主要由句子的意思决定 强调整体谓语动词用单数 指全体人员时 动词则用复数 这一类常见的集合名词有public family class crowd population team group Hisfamily goingout 他们全家要外出 Hisfamily allmusiclovers 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者 is are 4 某些名词如people police cattle等 形式上是单数 但意义上是复数 谓语动词应用复数 people指 民族 时是例外 Thepolice searchingforathief Thecattle eatinggrassonthehill are are 5 复合不定代词作主语 谓语动词要用单数 如someone somebody something anybody anyone anything everybody everyone everything nobody noone nothing Someone askingforyou 有人找你 Nothing foundintheroom 在屋子里什么也没找到 is is 6 某些名词如clothes trousers shoes glasses等 通常只用其复数形式 但当它们被apairof修饰时 谓语动词用单数 如 Theshoes wornout 鞋子破了 Thepairofshoes wornout 这双鞋破了 are is 名词如trousers pants shorts glasses scissors以及clothes goods等做主语 谓动要用复数 但当这类词前有a thepairof修饰时 谓动用单数 某些名词以s结尾如maths politics physics news plastics等 谓语动词应用单数 物理是一门很有趣的学科 Physicsisaveryinterestingsubject 8 every andevery each andeach no andno 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词 整个短语在句中作主语时 谓语动词常使用单数 Eachmanandeachwoman askedtoattend is 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功 听不到任何声音 Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent Nosoundandnovoiceisheard 9 以anumberof作主语时 谓语动词用复数 以thenumberof作主语时 谓语动词用单数 Anumberofnewbooks onthedesk Thenumberofstudentsinyouclass 50 are is 10 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样 作主语的时候 其谓语动词由上下文决定 这一类名词有 means works deer fish sheep Chinese Japanese等 Noteverymeans useful 不是每种方法都好使 Notallmeans useful 不是所有的方法都好使 is are 11 manya morethanone oneandahalf与单数名词组成的短语 谓语用单数 Manyaboy seenit 许多孩子都看到了 12 书刊名 时间 距离 价格 度量衡等的复数名词作主语时 谓语动词常用单数 Thirtyyears notalongtime RootsisafamousAmericannovel has is 1 thiskindofbook abookofthiskind 这种书 其谓语用单数 短语thiskindofmen menofthiskind thesekindofmen 口语 这一类人 但thiskindofmen的谓语用单数 menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的谓语用复数 allkindsof后跟复数名词 谓语用复数形式 例如 应该注意的几个问题 Thiskindofmen dangerous Menofthiskind dangerous 2 在主谓倒装的句子中 谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 例如 Betweenthetwowindows apicture is are hangs 3 分数或百分数 名词 构成的短语以及由 alotof lotsof plentyof alargequantityof aheapof heapsof halfof 名词 构成的短语作主语时 其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致 这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词 而短语中前面的量词是修饰语 例如 Lotsofdamage causedbyfire Aboutthree fourthsoftheearth ssurface coveredwithwater Three fifthsoftheworkershere women 和这种情况类似的还有 anumberof 名词复数 但是 thenumberof 名词 的中心词却是number 试比较 was is are Anumberofstudents gonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest Thenumberofpagesinthisbook twohundred have is 注意 a large quantityof修饰可数或不可数名词 其短语作主语时 谓语动词用单数 Alargequantityofpeople neededhere is quantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词 其短语作主语时 谓语动词一般用复数 例如 Quantitiesoffood nuts onthetable 短语inquantity inlargequantities意为 大量 insmallquantities意为 少量 were 4 agreatdealof alargeamountof 修饰不可数名词 其短语作主语时 谓语动词通常用单数 largeamountsof修饰不可数名词 其短语作主语时 谓语动词通常用复数 例如 Alargeamountof Agreatdealof damage doneinaveryshorttime Largeamountsofmoney spentonthebridge was were 5 表示数量的oneandahalf后 名词要用复数形式 但是其短语作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 例如 Oneandahalfbananas leftonthetable is 6 如果主语由 the 形容词 或过去分词 结构担任时 谓语通常用复数 这类词有 thebrave thepoor therich theblind theyoung theold thesick thedead thedeafanddub theoppressed theinjured thewounded theunemployed等 但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别 则用单数 例如 Theblind inspecialschool Thedeparted 死者 awell knownengineer 这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时 就要与名词man person或表示人的单数连用 例如 anoldman arichperson the a woundedsoldier study was 主谓一致练习 1 NowTomwithhisclassmates footballontheplayground A playB areplayingC playsD isplaying2 Thirtydollars tooexpensive A areB isC wereD be 3 Ifanybody pleaseputdown name saidtheteachertothemonitor A wantstobuythebook hisB wanttobuythebook theirC willbuythebook one sD wantstohavethebookbought her4 Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs intheroom A areB isstayedC isD areleft 5 Betweenthetworoads aTVtowercalled SkyscraperTower A standsB standingC whichstandsD stand6 ShallIwaithereforthreehours Yes Threehours towaitforsuchadoctor A arenotverylongforyouB isnotlongenoughforyouC wasnotlongenoughforyouD willbetoolongforyou 7 Everystudentandeveryteacher A aregoingtoattendthemeetingB haveattendedthemeetingC hasattendedthemeetingD isattendedthemeeting8 Thispairofshoes A isherB ishersC arehersD areher 9 Whatweneed goodtextbooks A isB areC haveD has 10 hasbeendone A ninety ninepercentsoftheworkB HalfofwhathepromisedC Two fifthsofthearticlesD Threequarterofthebusiness SupplementaryExercises Multiplechoice 1 Onthewall twolargeportraits A hangsB hangC hangedD hanging2 Newsofvictories pouringinasourarmyadvances thecompanycommandersaid A keepB keepsC keptD havekept3 There alotofmilkinthebottle A areB isC wereD has4 Zhang sfamily ratherbig withtwelvepeopleinall A isB areC beingD was5 NobodybutJane thesecret A knowB knowsC haveknownD isknown 6 Allbutone herejustnow A isB wasC hasbeenD were7 Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks tothenationasagift A isofferedB hasofferedC areofferedD haveoffered8 NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary tiredofhavingoneexamafteranother A isB areC amD be9 Thenumberofpeopleinvited fifty butanumberofthem absentfordifferentreasons A were wasB was wasC was wereD were were10 Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory yet A isnotdecidedB arenotdecidedC hasnotdecidedD havenotdecided 高考链接 1 Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests alarge ofdesert coveredtheland 上海2001 A number hasB quantity hasC number haveD quantity have B 精析 alargenumberof后面要接复数名词 所以A不能作为答案 因为desert是单数 所以要填has 这句话的意思是 毁坏森林的结果是 大片沙漠覆盖了陆地 答案B 2 ofthelandinthatdistrict coveredwithtreesandgrass 上海2000 A Twofifth isB Twofifth areC Twofifths isD Twofifths are C 精析 分数的分子用基数词 分母用序数词表示 如果分子大于1 分母序数词后加 s 分数和百分比作主语时 谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后面的名词 句子中的主语land是单数 所以谓语动词要用iscovered 答案C 3 Eachofthestudents workinghardathisorherlessons togotouniversity SodoI 全国1998 A hopesB hopeC hopingD dohope A 精析 这句话的主语是Eachofthestudents 是单数 所以要hopes选作谓语 现在分词短语workinghardathisorherlessons作状语 表示伴随的情况 有的考生盲目地把lessons当成了主语 填写了hope 发生了错误 本题的译文 每一个努力学习的学生都想上大学 我也是 答案A 4 peopleintheworldaresendinginformationbye maileveryday 上海2001 A SeveralmillionB ManymillionsC SeveralmillionsD Manymillion A 精析 在million前如果有具体的数字或several等词时 要用单数形式 many一般不与million等词连用 表示 数百万 英语为millionsof 这句话的意思是 每天 世界上有几十万人通过e mail传递信息 答案A 5 Thenumberofpeopleinvited fifty butanumberofthem absentfordifferentreasons NMET 96 A were wasB was wasC was wereD were were C 6 Thenumberofstudentsinthisschool by5 everyyear MET 92 A riseB raiseC risesD raises thenumberof 复数可数名词 作主语 表示 的数目 数量 谓语动词用单数 anumberof 复数可数名词 作主语 表示 许多 谓语动词用复数 C 7 Agooddealofmoney spentonbooks MET 84 A haveB hasC havebeenD hasbeen D 9 Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks tothenationasagift MET 90 A isofferedB hasofferedC areofferedD haveoffered A 10 E mail aswellastelephone animportantpartindailycommunication 上海 99 A isplayingB haveplayedC areplayingD play A 11 NobodybutJane thesecret MET 86 A knowB knowsC haveknownD isknown12 Allbutone herejustnow MET 87 A isB wasC hasbeenD were D B 13 Eitheryouortheheadmaster theprizetothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting 上海 94 A ishandingoutB aretohandoutC arehandingoutD istohandout D 14 NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother MET 87 A isB areC amD be B 15 Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho inthekindergarten 上海 94 A iswellpaidB arewellpaidC ispayingwellD arepayingwell B 16 Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears 上海2002春 A isB areC havebeenD hasbeen D 17 ofthelandinthatdistrict coveredwithtreesandgrass 上海2000 A Twofifth isB Twofifth areC Twofifths isD Twofifths are C 分数或百分数 of 名词 作主语时 谓语动词的数与名词的数一致 18 Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory yet MET 91 A isnotdecidedB arenotdecidedC hasnotdecidedD havenotdecided A 动名词 不定式或从句作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 倒装句及therebe句型中 谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致 19 There nolifeonthemoon MET 92 A issaidtohaveB aresaidtohaveC issaidtobeD aresaidtobe C 20 Eachofthestudents workinghardathisorherlessons togotouniversity 上海 98 A hopeB hopesC hopingD hoped B either neither each of 复数名词 作主语 谓语动词用单数 21 Agroupof areeating and atthefootofthehill NMET 95 A sheep grass leavesB sheeps grasses leavesC sheep grass leafD sheeps grass leafs A 22 Everypossiblemeans topreventairpollution buttheskyisstillnotclear 上海2000春 A isusedB areusedC hasbeenusedD havebeenused C 单复数同形的名词作主语时 依照意义一致的原则 表示单数意义时 谓语用单数 反之 谓语用复数形式 这类名词有 sheep deer means 方法 手段 works 工厂 species 种类 过关落实1 Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek goodforone shealth A show areB shows isC show isD shows are解析 asurvey 作主语 谓语动词用单数 表时间 距离 金钱的可数名词复数作主语 谓语动词也用单数 答案 B2 Welivedaybyday butinthegreatthings thetimeofdaysandweeks sosmallthatadayisunimportant A isB areC hasbeenD havebeen解析 主语是 thetime 故谓语动词用单数 答案 A 3 Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone third usedregularly Nowwehave60workingalldaylong A isB areC wasD were解析 此处one third指onethirdof20notebookcomputers 故为复数 与now相对 用过去时 答案 D4 MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths alsotrueoftheJohnsons A areB isC beingD tobe解析 主语为 大部分对Smith夫妇的说法 看成单数 谓语动词用is 答案 B 5 Apoetandartist comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon A isB areC wasD were解析 apoetandartist指一个人 既是诗人 也是艺术家 答案 A6 Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter A isgoingB goC goesD aregoing解析 主语仍为thefather 单数形式 aswellashisthreechildren作句子的状语 不影响谓语动词的单复数 答案 C 7 ofthelandinthatdistrict coveredwithtreesandgrass A Twofifth isB Twofifth areC Twofifths isD Twofifths are解析 表示分数时 分子大于一 分母 序数词形式 加s 主语为land 不可数 故谓语动词用单数 答案 C8 Everypossiblemeans topreventtheairpollution buttheskyisstillnotclear A isusedB areusedC hasbeenusedD havebeenused解析 everypossiblemeans每一种可行的方式 means单复数同形 此句中为单数 表示 每种办法都用过了 用现在完成时的被动语态 答案 C 9 Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests alarge ofdesert coveredtheland A number hasB quantity hasC number haveD quantity have解析 alargenumberof不修饰不可数名词 alargequantityof 不可数名词 谓语用单数 答案 B10 Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho thewinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears A isB areC havebeenD hasbeen解析 有theonly修饰先行词 其后的定语从句中谓语用单数 答案 D 11 ThepopulationofChina over1 3billionandeightypercentofitspopulation peasants A is areB are isC is isD are are解析 population表示 人口 当表示人口数为多少时谓语动词用单数 如果有分数或百分数修饰时 谓语用复数 答案 A12 Greyaswellashistwocompanions leave Paristomorrow A areto forB isto forC isto toD areto to解析 句中主语是Grey 单数 故谓语也用单数 leaveforsp 动身去某地 答案 B 13 Eitheryourparentsoryourelderbrother toattendthemeetingtomorrowafternoon A areB haveC isD had解析 either or 遵循就近一致的原则 因yourelderbrother为单数 句中谓语也用单数 答案 C14 30 ofthecattle thin buttherest fat A are areB is isC is areD are is解析 句中主语分别为thecattle therestofthecattle 即 牛 余下的牛 是可数名词复数 故谓语用复数 答案 A 15 Thewriterandactor invitedtogiveusareportonplaysinChina A wereB havebeenC wasD has解析 thewriterandactor指一个人 既是作家也是演员 谓语动词应为单数 答案 C