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选修8Unit 1A land of diversity要 点 梳 理 高效梳理知识备考重点单词1distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的distinction n差别；区分；卓著2means n手段；方法3majority n大多数；大半minority n少数4despite prep.尽管；不管5elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人election n选举6percentage n百分比；百分率7boom n(人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi.处于经济迅速发展时期8applicant n申请人apply v申请application n申请9customs n海关；关税；进口税10occur vi.发生；出现11indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示indication n迹象indicator n指示器，指示物12luggage n行李13apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的apparently adv.明显地14slip vi.滑动；滑行；滑跤 n滑动；滑倒15hire vt. & n租用，雇用16nowhere adv.无处；到处都无17punishment n处罚；惩罚punish v惩罚；处罚18justice n正义；公平injustice(反义词)重点短语1live on继续存在；继续生存2by means of. 用办法；借助3make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)5back to back 背靠背6team up with 与合作或一起工作7mark out 画线；标出界线8take in 包括；吸收9a great/good many 许多；很多10apply for 申请；请示得到重点句型1However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，美洲土著人很可能在15 000年前就在加州生活着。2Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.二百年后，西班牙人定居在南美洲大多数地区以及现在美国的西北沿海。3That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。4Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了，但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。5It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人们相信过不了多久国籍间相混的程度将如此大以至于不再有明显的种族或文化团体，而仅仅是一个种族和文化的混合体。高考范文(2008江苏)实现有效的沟通，建立良好的人际关系，不仅要善于言表，更要学会倾听。请你根据下表中所提供的信息，写一篇题为 Being a Good Listener的英文演讲稿。注意：1.对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。 2词数：150左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。3演讲稿中不得提及考生所在学校及本人姓名。Good afternoon, everyone! The topic of my speech today is “Being a Good Listener”_Thank you for your listening!范文Good_afternoon,_everyone!The_topic_of_my_speech_today_is_“Being_a_Good_Listener” Good listening can always show respect, promote understanding, and improve interpersonal relationship. Many people suggest that parents should listen more to their children, so they will understand them better, and find it easy to narrow the generation gap; teachers should listen more to their students, then they can meet their needs better, and place themselves in a good relationship with their students; students should listen more to their classmates, thus they will help and learn from each other, and a friendship is likely to be formed. What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to others. Show your respect and never stop others till they finish their talk; show you are interested by a supportive silence or a knowing smile; be openminded to different opinions even though you dont like them. In a word, good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other. Thank_you_for_your_listening!考 点 探 究 互动探究能力备考.词汇短语过关1means n. 方法；手段by all means 务必；一定；当然可以by any means 无论如何by no means 决不(用于句首时引起部分倒装)by this/these means 用这种/这些办法by means of 依靠方法，借助手段即学即练1(1)Taking a plane is _ getting there.去那儿最快的方式是坐飞机。(2)All possible means _ been tried.Every possible means _ been tried.所有(每一种)可能的办法都已经试过了。the quickest means ofhavehas(3)This plan must be realized _.这个计划必须完成。(4)Thoughts are expressed _ words.思想靠语言来表达。(5)By no means _ left alone.绝不能把他单独留下。by all meansby means ofshould he be提示：(1)means 表示“方法、方式、手段”，其单复数同形。当 means 做主语且有 every, each 等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有 some, several, many, few, all 等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。(2)by this means 强调的是“有条理的办事方法”；in this way 强调的是“用简便的方法”，in 有时候可以省略；with this method 强调的是“用已形成的系统的、理论的方法”。2majority n. 大多数，大半the majority 大多数(其做主语表整体时，谓语用单数；若表成员情况时，谓语用复数。)the majority ofn. U单数谓语the majority ofn. pl.复数谓语be in the majority 占大多数by/with a majority of 以大多数赢得即学即练2(1)_ were present at the meeting.大多数人出席了会议。(2)_ the people seem to prefer watching games to playing games.大部分人似乎喜欢观看比赛胜于参加比赛。The majorityThe majority of(3)He was elected by _ 765.他以765票的多数票当选。a large majority of3occur vi. 发生，出现(occurred; occurring)occurrence n. 发生；出现sth. occurs to sb.sth. strikes sb.sth. comes to sb.It occurs to sb. to do sth.It occurs to sb. thatclauseIt strikes sb. thatclause某人想起/想到即学即练3(1)The same theme _ in many of his works.同一个主题在他的许多作品中都有。(2)The accident _ at five oclock. 事故发生在五点钟。(3)An idea _ me.我想到一个主意。(4)_ _ to ask for help.她没想到请别人帮忙。occursoccurredoccurred toIt didntoccur to her(5)_ she would refuse his invitation.他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。It didnt occur to him that4indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示indication n. 指示；象征；预示indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出/暗示某物indicate that. 示意；表明indication of doing sth. 的迹象即学即练4(1)Research _ that men are easier to give up smoking than women.研究表明，男人比女人更容易戒烟。(2)A high fever usually _ severe illness.高烧通常表明生了重病。indicatesindicates(3)Snow _ the coming of winter.雪象征着冬天的来到。indicates5make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生come to life变得活跃起来bring sb./sth. to life使某物更生动；使某人/某物苏醒lay down ones life for sb. /sth.为牺牲生命，献身lead/live a.life过着的生活make/earn a living谋生即学即练5(1)They emigrated to Australia to _ _.他们移民到澳大利亚，开始全新的生活。(2)Her songs _ our history _ again.她的歌曲又一次重现了我们的历史。make a new life therebringto life(3)Joanne _ as a dancer in a nightclub.乔安妮在夜总会当舞女，以此谋生。(4)The match finally _ in the second half.比赛在下半场终于精彩起来。(5)They were prepared to _ for their country.他们准备为国捐躯。earns a livingcame to lifelay down their lives6keep up保持，维持；使不下降；继续keep up with赶上，不落后keep out (of)不准入内keep off离开，避开keep back阻止；扣留keep on继续即学即练6(1)We sang as we marched to _.我们一面行进一面唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。(2)We should _.我们应该沿袭我们的优良传统。keep our spirits upkeep up our good traditions(3)The shortage of supplies is _.供应不足使价格保持紧挺。(4)I dont think I can _ any longer.我认为这事我再也坚持不下去了。(5)Dave couldnt _ the rest of his class.戴夫跟不上班里的其他同学。keeping the price upkeep this upkeep up with(6)_ the grass！勿踏草坪！(7)She was unable to _ her tears.她无法忍受眼泪。Keep offkeep back7take in 欺骗；留住宿；理解；领悟；吸入；改小(衣服)；包括；包含即学即练7写出下列句中take in的意思。(1)There she was taken in by an aged couple._收留(2)Dont let yourself be taken in by his tricks._(3)The students found it easy to take in what their teacher had taught._欺骗领悟(4)The dress was too big, so I took it in._(5)The tour takes in six European capitals._改小(衣服)包括拓展：take away 拿走；使离开；消除(病痛等)take down 记下来；拆掉take for (错)当做；(误)以为take off 起飞，匆匆离去；脱下take on 呈现；雇用take over 接收，接管，取代take to 喜欢；养成的习惯take up 占去，占据；开始；从事8a good/great many 许多，很多a good/great manymanya great number ofn. (pl.)a great many of them (us) (代词)the (these, those)n. (pl.)many a单数可数名词单数谓语动词即学即练8(1)Tom found that there were _ people already there.汤姆发现那儿已经有很多人了。(2)It seems that _ them are out of work now. 似乎他们中的许多人现在失业了。a great/good manya great/good many of(3)Many a student _ this song.很多学生喜欢这首歌。likes.重点句型详解1However, it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，美洲土著人有可能在至少15 000年前就在加州生活着。本句式中 it为形式主语，真正的主语为 that从句。It is likely that. 是可能的。此句型可转化为：Sb./Sth. be likely to do. 某人/物可能干某事。Shes very likely to ring me tonight.Its likely that she will ring me tonight.她今晚很可能给我打电话。Its likely that it will snow tonight.It is likely to snow tonight.今天晚上可能下雪。即境活用1Ronaldo was _ to win the 100meter hurdle race, but he fell to the ground and missed the chance.ApossibleBprobableClikely Dmaybe答案：C解析：当 possible或 probable 做表语时，主语只能是事物或代词 it；而 likely 做表语时，主语可以是人，也可以是物。maybe 是副词，只能做状语，不能做表语。2It_is_believed_that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.过不了多久国籍间相混的程度将如此大以至于不再有明显的种族或文化团体，而仅仅是一个种族和文化的混合体。本句用的句型是 It is believed thatclause。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 thatclause。类似的结构还有：It be said/known/agreed/thought/supposed/reportedthatclause.此句型可转化成：(1)People say/know/agree/think/suppose/reportthatclause.(2)Sb./Sth. be said/known/agreed/thought/supposed/reportedto do.It is believed that Mr Smith is innocent.Mr Smith is believed to be innocent.人们认为史密斯先生是无辜的。It is believed that Professor Johnson has finished his second novel.Professor Johnson is believed to have finished his second novel.人们相信约翰逊教授已完成了他的第二部小说。即境活用2The lake by the village is believed _ a number of victims in the past 3 years.Ato claim Bto have claimedCclaiming Dbeing claiming答案：B解析：句意为“人们相信村子旁边的湖泊在过去的三年里已要了许多人的命”。在这种形式中，believe 后面不能跟 ving形式；由 in the past 3 years 可知，事情是已发生的，因此，需用不定式的完成式与之相对应。易 错 点 拨 自我完善误区备考1. means/manner/method/approach/way(1)means表示“方法”“手段”“工具”“财产”，与of搭配。(2)manner表示“方式”“方法”，指个人喜欢采用的方式，与of搭配。(3)method指做某事的具体步骤或程序，也指系统的、抽象概念的原理，与of搭配。(4)way是最通用的词，也是最不正式的词。本义是“通路”，引申作“方式”“方法”讲，含义很广，与of或动词不定式搭配。(5)approach也有“方法，步骤，途径”的意思。它侧重指待人接物或思考问题的方式。与toward或to搭配。应用1(1)This book provides a good _ to psychology.本书提供研究心理学的良好门径。(2)The _ of their meeting makes a good story.他们相见的方式似乎有些传奇色彩。Approach manner(3)The quickest _ of travel is by plane.最快的旅行方式是乘飞机。(4)In this _ over several days, the artist and his mouse became friends.就这样过了几天，这位艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。(5)He is a man of _.他是个有条理的人。meanswaymethod2. occur/happen/take place(1)occur用法较正式，指偶然发生的或未按计划发生的事情，可用于具体的或抽象的事物。(2)happen发生；巧遇，含义广泛，指具体客观事物的发生，尤指偶然事件的发生，后可接不定式，也可接介词to，常用在It happens/happened that.结构中。(3)take place发生；举行，主要用来指预先计划好的事情。应用2(1)It _ that they were all there.正好他们都在那儿。(2)Great changes have _ in our school.我们学校发生了巨大的变化。(3)The May 4th Movement _ in 1919.五四运动发生在1919年。happenedtaken placeoccurred(4)The conference _ in the Great Hall of the People.会议在人民大会堂举行。(5)I _ to meet her in the street yesterday.我昨天碰巧在街上遇到她。took placehappened3. hire/employ(1)hire一般指短期的“雇用”，它侧重指为工资(wage)而工作。(2)employ指“公司，商店”等的长期“雇用”，或指相对固定的工作，它侧重于服务方面。应用3(1)The firm _ more than 100 people.这家公司雇用100多名职工。(2)He _ a man to look after his garden.他雇了一个人来照料他的花园。employshired高 效 作 业 自我测评技能备考.单词拼写1The Taiwan S_ separates Taiwan Island from the mainland.2Only a few of them thought highly of the plan. The m_ were against it.3Now in China, an increasing p_ of the population have their own cars.4There were 1 200 a_ for the job.Straitmajoritypercentageapplicants 5My father h_ three men to help him with the harvest last summer.6He has twenty _ (牛) on his farm.7He has six pieces of _ (行李)8_(显然)，he has lost interest in physics.9Now and then some _ (海鸥) came into sight.10The government announced addition rules on _ (移民)hiredcattleluggageApparentlyseagullsimmigration .单项选择1Do you think we should put an ad in the paper for the lost child?Yes, _.Athats all right Bby all meansCit just depends Dnever mind答案：B解析：由 Yes 可知表示同意，选 by all means “务必；一定；当然可以”。A、D项表示“没关系”；C项“看情况而定”。2What is boys favorite sport?_ of boys like playing football.ANone BThe mostCThe majority DEvery答案：C解析：the majority of boysmost boysmost of the boys “大多数男孩子”。none不符合题意；every 不能接 of短语。3(2007年辽宁)Dont be _by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.Ataken off Btaken outCtaken away Dtaken in答案：D解析：A.起飞，脱掉，(事业)腾飞；B.拿出；C.带走；D.欺骗。由句意可知D项正确。4To travel to the United States, you must first apply _ the American Embassy _ your visa.Afor; to Bto; forCfor; for Dto; to答案：B解析：考查apply短语的用法。apply to sb. for sth.向某人申请某物。句意为：要去美国旅行，你要首先向美国大使馆申请签证。5The agreement indicates that the two companies will _ with each other again.Ateam up Bturn upClook up Dpick up答案：A解析：考查动词短语辨析。A项表示“与合作”，符合句意。B项表示“出现；到达”；C项表示“向上看；查寻”；D项表示“捡起，接收”，均不合题意。6It is very _ that, in many schools, the students are going to spend less time in doing homework than they used to.Apossibly BprobablyClovely Dlikely答案：D解析：句意为：在很多学校学生做作业的时间可能将比原来少。用it is likely that句型，其他三个词不用于这个结构。7She managed to climb out of the car, _ unhurt.Aapparently BoccasionallyCfreely Dpeacefully答案：A解析：考查副词。A.看起来，显然；B.偶尔；C.无拘无束地；D.peacefully和平地。由题意，选A。8(2010黄冈中学)Sunny day, isnt it?Lets hope the sunny weather _ for Saturdays tennis match.Acarries on Bmoves onCkeeps up Dgoes up答案：C解析：考查动词短语的辨析。keep up保持，继续，符合语意“希望好天气保持到星期六的网球比赛”。carry on继承；move on继续进行；go up上升，增长。9(2010临川一中)If you dont _ the advice of your teachers, youll regret it sooner or later.Aregard BenjoyCvalue Dthink答案：C解析：考查动词辨析。如果你不重视老师的建议，迟早会后悔的，用value表示“重视”。其他动词的含义不符合语意。10_ the students in our school go to college in their teens.AA good many BA great many ofCA great deal of DA great deal答案：B解析：a good many students 许多学生。a great deal of 修饰不可数名词。11It suddenly _ to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter.Ahappened BoccurredCthought Dtook place答案：B解析：句意为“那个侦探突然想到那个百万富翁可能是被自己女儿杀死的”。It occurred to sb. that. “某人想到”。12Many streets in this city have been _ for cultural protection.Astretched out Bmarked outCleft out Dstood out答案：B解析：mark out 标志；记出来。stretch out 伸出； leave out 丢、漏；stand out 脱颖而出，显眼。13The restlessness of animals _ a possible occurrence of an earthquake.Aexpressed BimpressedCindicated Dinterpreted答案：C解析：indicate 预示；暗示。句意为“动物们不休息预示可能发生地震”。14He is supposed _ to the meeting, but he didnt.Ato come Bto have comeCcoming Dhaving come答案：B解析：考查 sb./sth. is supposed to do 结构，且句中表示“本该到而未到”，故用 to have come。15_ sometimes keeps her awake at night _ Tom is getting more and more quiet at home.AThat; which BIt; thatCWhether; what DWhat; that答案：B解析：考查名词性从句。句中 it是形式主语，真正的主语为 that 从句。 .阅读理解 A Beijing (Oct. 15)China is going green. In order to reduce air pollution and oil shortages, carmakers have announced their plans to develop hybrid vehicles(混合燃料汽车) for the Chinese market. The first China made Toyotas hybrid car Prius hit the road last week. Lets have a look at the new car. Any vehicle is a hybrid when it combines two or more sources of power. Hybrid cars use an electric motor withrechargeable batteries(充电电池) and a gasoline engine. A hybrid car has a smaller than traditional gasoline engine and an electric motor. The gasoline engine provides 99 per cent of the power when the car is cruising(匀速行车)The electric motor provides extra power for running up hills or when extra acceleration(加速度) is needed. Step into a Prius, and turn on the power. The first thing you notice is that it is quieter than a traditional car. At this point, the cars gasoline engine is dormant. The electric motor will provide power until the car reaches about 24km/h. If you stay at low speed, you are effectively driving an electric car, with no gasoline being used, and no exhaust gas given off. An onboard computer decides when to use the gasoline engine, when to go electric, and when to use a combination of the two. If you go over 24km/h, when you step on the gas pedal(油门), you are telling the computer how fast you want to go. The electric motor recharges automatically(自动地)when braking. And when driving at certain speeds, the gasoline engine not only powers the car but also recharges the batteries. When you use the brake, the electric motor acts like a generator(发电机) to produce electricity to recharge the batteries. Batteries will last for around 200 000 miles.1.When the hybrid car is cruising, _.A. only the gasoline engine provides powerB. only the electric motor provides powerC. there is no need to provide powerD. both the gasoline engine and the electric motor provide power答案及解析：1. D。考查细节理解。从第四段可知。2. The underlined word “dormant” means _.A. inactive B. out of orderC. working D. nonstop答案及解析：2. A。考查词义猜测。从该词的前后两句话可知。3. Which of the following statements is false according to the text?A. The hybrid car is friendly environmental. B. The hybrid car is able to get itself charged.C. The hybrid car has been made in mass. D. The hybrid car can decide which power to use.答案及解析：3. C。考查正误判断。只说这种新型车上路了，但大量生产并没提到。4. The best title of the text is_.A. TwoPowered Cars B. Greener Motors for ChinaC. Cars of Saving Oil D. Safer Motors at Present答案及解析：4. B。考查主题理解。文章第一段是全文的中心，后面各段只是起补充说明的作用，因此B项最佳。B The story goes that some time ago, a man punished his 3yearold daughter for wasting a roll of gold wrapping paper. Money was tight and he became infuriated(愤怒的) when the child tried to decorate a box to put under the Christmas tree. Nevertheless, the little girl brought the gift to her father the next morning and said, “This is for you, Daddy.” The man was embarrassed by his earlier overreaction, but his anger flared again when he found out the box was empty. He yelled at her, stating, “Dont you know, when you give someone a present, there is supposed to be something inside？” The little girl looked up at him with tears in her eyes and cried, “Oh, Daddy, its not empty at all. I blew kisses into the box. Theyre all for you, Daddy.” The father was crushed. He put his arms around his little girl, and he begged for her forgiveness. Only a short time later, an accident took the life of the child. It is also told that her father kept that gold box by his bed for many years and, whenever he was discouraged, he would take out an imaginary kiss and remember the love of the child who had put it there. In a very real sense, each one of us, as human beings, has been given a gold container filled with unconditional love and kisses from our children, family members, friends, and God. There is simply no other possession anyone could hold more precious than this. 5. The 3yearold
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