形容词副词高考知识模块.docx

注：形容词、副词是英语中较为复杂的一种词类，涉及的面比较广。同时形容词、副词的形式变化灵活，有原级、比较级和最高级等，而且用法比较复杂。除了考查其基本用法以外， 也会考查排序、比较等级、倍数表达法以及一些特殊结构表示的意义。北京高考对形容词和副词的考查侧重于形容词和副词的比较等级，设题角度趋向于在语境中的灵活运用。高考中对于副词的考查不是单纯地进行语法要点的考查，而是要通过具体的语境来进行分析和判断。考点一 考查形容词或副词的辨析1. 以-ly 结尾的形容词或副词的辨析【典例】 （2010 福建，23）Volunteering is becoming _ popular in China. Yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves. A. naturally B. successfully C. splendidly D. increasingly 【答案】 D 【解析】 句意：志愿活动现在在中国变得越来越受欢迎。是的，人们现在开始意识到帮助别人就是帮助他们自己。naturally 自然地，理所当然地；successfully 成功地； splendidly 华丽地，壮观地；increasingly 逐渐地，慢慢地。根据句意可知应选D。2. 其他形容词或副词的辨析【典例】 （2010 湖南，22）Father _ goes to the gym with us although he dislikes going there. A. hardly B. seldom C. sometimes D. never 【答案】 C 【解析】 句意：尽管父亲不喜欢去那儿，但他有时还是和我们一起锻炼。A 项意为“几乎不”，B 项意为“很少”，C 项意为“有时”，D 项意为“从不”。故选C 项。【检验练习】1.（2008 福建，26）In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks _ to people greeting him. A. friendly B. lively C. worried D. cold 2.（2010 山东，35）Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _ schedules to make it easier to care for their children. A. heavy B. smooth C. flexible D. complex 3. （2010 辽宁，23）Jim went to answer the phone. _, Harry started to prepare lunch. A. However B. Nevertheless C. Besides D. Meanwhile 考点二 考查形容词、副词修饰与被修饰的关系以及在句中的位置1. enough 的用法【典例】（2010 辽宁，27）We only had $100 and that was _ to buy a new computer. A. nowhere near enough B. near enough nowhere C. enough near nowhere D. near nowhere enough 【答案】 A 【解析】 句意：我们只有100 美元，他怎么也不够买一台新电脑的。nowhere near 是固定短语，意思是“差得远；远不及”，相当于一个形容词，enough 作副词用，修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在被修饰词的后面。2. else 的用法考点讲练【典例】 （2005 湖北，27）First, it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from _. A. everyone else B. the other C. someone else D. the rest 【答案】 A 【解析】 句意：首先，认识你是什么样的人和是什么特别的素质使你区别于其他人很重要。other 主要放在名词前面作定语；else 在本句中为形容词修饰不定代词。the rest 表示“剩下的”，在本句中与语境不符。解答此类试题的关键是要搞清楚像other,else 等的词性与用法， 以及它们的修饰与被修饰的关系和它们在句中的位置。3. 比较等级的修饰语【典例】（2008 全国卷I，28）You are driving too fast. Can you drive _? A. more slowly a bit B. slowly a bit more C. a bit more slowly D. slowly more a bit 【答案】 C 【解析】 句意：你开车太快了。你能开得慢一点吗？此处是副词的比较级，a bit 一点， 修饰比较级more slowly，比较级的修饰词应放在比较级前。4. 形容词、副词的辨析及其在句中的位置【典例】 （2008 浙江，12）There are plenty of jobs _ in the western part of the country. A. present B. available C. precious D. convenient 【答案】 B 【解析】 句意：在这个国家的西部可有大量的工作机会。A 项present 表示“目前的， 现在的；在场的”；B 项available 表示“可得到的，可获得的；有效的”；C 项precious 表示“珍贵的”；D 项convenient 表示“方便的，便利的”。根据题意可知应选B，形容词available 放在所修饰的名词后面，A 项present 不符合题意。【检验练习】1. （2006 湖南，29）Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way _ to the Home Circle Building. A. easy enough B. enough easy C. easily enough D. enough easily 2. How do you like the film? _ interesting than expected. A. A great deal of more B. A great deal much C. A great deal of much D. A great deal more 3. The little girl couldnt work the problem out. She wasnt _ clever. A. that B. much C. enough D. too 考点三 考查形容词的排序【典例】 （2004 浙江，24）_ students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese 【答案】 A 【解析】 句意：龙舟比赛要求十个年轻强壮的中国学生参加。该题形容词的排列顺序是： 限定词+ 描述性形容词+ 年龄形容词+ 国籍形容词+ 中心词。【检验练习】1. If I had _, Id go to Africa alone, stopping at all the interesting places. A. an enough long holiday B. a long enough holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough 考点四 考查合成形容词的用法【典例】 （2010 上海，26）It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. I was _ journey. A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours 【答案】 C 【解析】 句意：我们花了很长时间才到了游乐园。有三个小时的路程。“数词+ 连字符+ 名词”的用法，连字符连接的词作名词定语且用单数，相当于形容词，意为“三小时的路程”。【检验练习】1. （2008 天津，2）My brother is really _. He often works in his office far into the night. A. open-minded B. hard-working C. self-confident D. warm-hearted 2. （2007 全国，10）Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _ one. A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known 考点五 考查形容词和副词的比较等级【典例】 （2010 江西，28）Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life _ and more _, have reduced the need for face-to-face communications. A. easily; efficient B. easier; efficient C. easy; efficiently D. easily; efficiently 【答案】 B 【解析】 句意：尽管计算机和手机确实使我们的生活变得更方便且更有效率了，但是却减少了面对面交流的需要。题中为“make+life+ 形容词”结构，而且后面为比较级，所以说两个空同为形容词，同为比较级。【检验练习】1. （2007 北京，30）The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _. A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest 2. （2007 上海，27）Alan is a careful driver, but he drives _ of my friends. A. more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully 考点六 考查倍数关系公式【典例】 (2009 四川，19) My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice _ expensive. A. as B. so C. too D. very 【答案】 A 【解析】 句意：我叔叔在市中心的房子比我们的要小多了，但是却比我们贵两倍。 该题采用了“倍数+as+adj./adv.+as”这一结构，所以答案为A。【检验练习】1. （2009 辽宁，33）Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks, but it cost _ his. A. as much twice as B. twice as much as C. much as twice as D. as twice much as 2. Matt is now getting on very well with his new job and he earns _ he did last year. A. twice as much as B. as twice much as C. twice as much as D. as twice many as 考点七 考查形容词、副词短语作状语的用法1. 形容词短语作状语【典例】 （2008 北京，26）After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _.A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired 【答案】 B 【解析】 句意：长途旅行后他们三个回到家，又累又饿。go hungry 挨饿，不说go hungrily。此处为形容词作状语。形容词短语作状语表示伴随或结果，不表示动作的方式。2. 副词短语作状语【典例】 （2008 全国，19）The house still needed a lot of work, but _ the kitchen was finished. A. instead B. altogether C. at once D. at least 【答案】 D 【解析】 句意：尽管这所房子仍需要大量工作( 才能建完)，但至少厨房已经竣工了。D 项意为“至少”，根据句意可知此项符合；A 项意为“相反”；B 项意为“总共”；C 项意为“立刻，马上”。【检验练习】1. The frightened thief hid himself in the dark corner of the yard, _, staring at the open door. A. quiet and cold B. quietly and coldly C. quiet and coldly D. quietly and cold 2. I thought I was going to fail the driving test but I succeeded _. A. after all B. first of all C. in all D. at all 3.（2005 江西，26）My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; _, he could ne-ither eat nor sleep. A. as a result B. after all C. any way D. otherwise 知识点归纳 1. 多个形容词的排列顺序口诀： 县官行令宴国才，用途大！ 县（限定词）官（冠词）行（形状）令（年龄）宴（颜色）国（国籍）才（材料）， 用途大（表用途的词紧接名词）！ 2. 副词的一般位置： 一般说来，表示时间和地点的副词放在句尾。而且是地点状语在前，时间状语在后。地点和时间状语内部又按照从小到大的顺序排列。但表示强调时，时间和地点状语也可提到句首。 频度副词一般放在行为动词之前，助动词、情态动词和be 动词之后。 修饰句子的副词一般放在句首。 方式副词修饰行为动词时一般放在行为动词之后，有时也可以放在动词之前。 3. more than 的不同用法not more than（not so/ asas）：比不上，不及，不比更 not more than(at the most)：最多；至多；不超过；不多于（陈述事实） no more than(only 或not any more than)：只有；仅仅；不过（强调少） 4. 倍数关系表达方式： A+be+ 倍数+as+ 计量形容词原级+as+B A+be+ 倍数+ 计量形容词比较级+than+B A+be+ 倍数+the+ 计量名词+of+B The+ 计量名词+of+A+be+ 倍数+that+of+B 5. asas 的5 种常用句式： 倍数（分数词、百分数）+asas as many+ 可数名词（+ 地点状语）+as+ 比较对象 as much+ 可数名词（+ 地点状语）+as+ 比较对象 as many as+ 数词+ 可数名词复数 as much as+ 表示金钱、重量等的名词 as much+ 可数名词（+ 地点状语）+as+ 比较对象 as many as+ 数词+ 可数名词复数 as much as+ 表示金钱、重量等的名词专题强化1. (09安徽24) Do you think its a good idea to make friends with your students? , I do. I think its a great idea.A. Really B. Obviously C. Actually D. Generally答案 C2. (09福建30) It seems that living green is easy and affordable. A small step masks a big difference.A. exactly B. fortunately C. surprisingly D. hardly答案 C 解析 考查副词。exactly：准确地；fortunately：幸运地；surprisingly：惊讶地，出乎意料地；hardly：几乎不。题干意思是：似乎保护环境是出乎意料的简单可行，小小的行动能带来很大的不同。选C。3. (09湖北27) As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of _ energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.A. primary B. alternative C. instant D. unique答案 B 解析 考查形容词。既然石油和煤都越来越少，人们只好使用一些其它可替代这些燃料的东西，alternative 有“可选择的，可替代的”之意，符合句意。primary“首要的，初期的”，instant“立即的，迅速的”，unique“独特的”。4. (09湖北28) The questionnaire takes _ ten to fifteen minutes to complete and can be used along with the assessment interview.A. mainly B. punctually C. approximately D. precisely答案 C 解析 考查副词。这里意思是“问卷大约需要10至15分钟完成”，应选择approximately“大约地”。 mainly“主要地”，punctually“准时地”，precisely“精确地”。5(09湖南24) I can be a teacher. Im not a very patient person.A. seldom B. ever C. neverD. always答案 C 解析 句意为：我绝不会成为一名教师。因为我不是一个很有耐心的人。seldom表示“很少”；ever表示“永远”用在肯定句中；never表示“绝不，从来没有”always 表示“总是”。6. (09江西32) Frank put the mediocre in the top drawer to make sure it would not be_ to the kids.A. accessible B. relative C. acceptable D. sensitive答案 A解析 考查形容词的辨析。Be accessible to 为能够接近； be relative to 和有关系； be acceptable to 为所接受 ； be sensitive to 对敏感, 易接受。7. (09海南23) How much she looked without her glasses!A. well B. good C. best D. better答案 D 解析 考查系动词后跟形容词作表语。句意为：没有眼镜她看的多么好？与戴眼镜形成对比。8. (09四川19) My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours , but it is twice _ expensive .A. as B. so C. too D. very答案 A 解析 考查倍数的表示方法。该题采用了“倍数+as+adj./adv+as ”这一结构，所以答案为A。9. (09天津12) It was a nice house, but _ too small for a family of live.A. rarely B. fairly C. rather D. pretty答案 C10. (09天津13) Im not surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he had a _ imagination.A. clear B. cautious C. funny D. vivid答案 D11(09浙江5) The incomes of skilled workers went up. _, unskilled workers saw their earnings fall.A. Moreover B. Therefore C. MeanwhileD. Otherwise答案 C13(09浙江19) In the good care of the nurses, the boy is _ recovering from his heart operation.A. quietly B. actually C. practically D. gradually答案 D14. (09全国9) The children loved their day trip, and they enjoyed the horse ride .A. most B. more C. less D. little答案 A解析 考查形容词(immediate)、副词等(most、much too与too much的区别)15. (09全国11)Im sure that your letter will get attention. They know youre waiting for the reply.A. continued B. immediate C. careful D. general答案 B解析 考查形容词(immediate)、副词等(most、much too与too much的区别)16. (09全国18) Its high time you had your hair cut ; its getting .A. too much long B. much too long C. long too much D. too long much答案 B解析 考查形容词(immediate)、副词等(most、much too与too much的区别)17. (09江苏27) Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more to, and more easily troubled by , emotional and relationship problems.A. skeptical B. addicted C. available D. sensitive答案 D2008年高考题1.(08全国28)Youre driving too fast.Can you drive ?A.more slowly a bitB.slowly a bit moreC.a bit more slowlyD.slowly more a bit答案 C解析 考查a bit用来修饰比较级的用法。2.(08全国32)The weather was cold that I didnt like to leave my room.A.reallyB.suchC.tooD.so答案 D解析 考查so.that这一结构。3.(08全国19)The house still needed a lot of work，but the kitchen was finished.A.insteadB.altogetherC.at onceD.at least答案 D解析 句意为：尽管这所房子仍然需要大量工作(才能建完)，但至少厨房已经竣工了。D项意为“至少”，根据句意知此项符合；A项意为“相反”；B项意为“总共”；C项意为“立刻，马上”。4.( 08北京26)After the long journey， the three of them went back home， _ . A. hungry and tiredlyB. hungry and tiredC. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired答案 B 解析 句意为：长途旅行后他们三人回家了，又累又饿。由句式结构看，空格处应作为状语使用，四个选项中均使用了并列连词and，故and前后的词性应该一致，且英语中形容词或形容词短语可作为状语使用，表示主语的状态，故应选择B项。5.(08天津2)My brother is really _ _. He often works in his office far into the night. A. open-minded B. hard-working C. self-confident D. warm-hearted答案 B解析 open-minded 思想开明的，坦率的；hard-working 勤劳的，努力工作的；self-confident 自信的；warm-hearted 热心肠的。句意为：我弟弟真是能干，他经常在办公室里工作到深夜。6.(08天津15)At the railway station， the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was _. A. out of sight B. out of reach C. out of order D. out of place答案 A 解析 out of sight看不见；out of reach够不到；out of order杂乱，出故障；out of place不在原来的地方，不恰当。句意为：在火车站，这位母亲挥手向她的女儿告别，直到火车看不见为止。7.(08安徽27)Hi，Mark.How was the musical evening? Excellent! Alex and Andy performedand they won the first prize.A.skillfully B.commonly C.willingly D.nervously答案 A解析 句意为：“喂，马克！音乐晚会如何？”“太棒了！亚历克斯和安迪表演得很娴熟，他们得了第一名。”8.(08江西29) If a person has not had enough sleep， his actions will give him during the day.A.away B.upC.in D.back答案 A解析 句意为：如果一个人没有足够的睡眠的话，那么在白天他的行为就会表露出来。give away 赠送；泄露；表露；give up放弃；give in屈服，让步；give back返还，归还。9.(08江西33) Jack is late again.It is of him to keep others waiting.A.normal B.ordinaryC.common D.typical 答案 D解析 It is typical of sb.to do sth.是固定句型，意为“某人一向如此”。10.(08湖北28) In those days， our _ concern was to provide people who were stopped by the snow storm withfood and health care. A.normal B.constantC.permanent D.primary答案 D 解析 normal正常的；标准的；constant不断的；permanent永久的；primary基本的；首要的。句意为：在那些日子里，我们最主要的事情就是向那些被围困在暴风雪中的人们提供食物和健康护理。11.(08湖北29) As he works in a remote area， he visits his parents only _ . A.occasionallyB.anxiously C.practicallyD.urgently答案 A 解析 occasionally adv.偶尔地；anxiously adv.焦急地；practically adv.实用地，实际地；urgently adv.紧急地。句意为：因为他在一个边远的地区工作，所以他只能偶尔回去看望他的父母。12.(08湖南25) Last night Mr.Crook didnt come back at the usual time. ，he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.A.MeanwhileB.HoweverC.InsteadD.Yet答案 C解析 句意为：昨天晚上库鲁克先生没有按往常的时间回来，而是见了几个朋友，在外面呆到半夜。C项为“相反的；反而”，符合题意；A项“与此同时”；B项“然而”，表转折；D项“然而”，表转折。13.(08陕西12) He doesnt have furniture in his roomjust an old desk.A. any B. many C. some D. much答案 D解析 由于破折号后出现了just an old desk，表示肯定含义，且furniture为不可数名词，故空格处用much。14.(08四川1) I havent seen Ann for long that Ive forgotten what she looks like.A.suchB.veryC.soD.too答案 C解析 由句意“我那么久没见安了，以至于我已忘了她长得什么样子了”及句中引导结果状语从句的连接词，可知用sothat结构。15.(08四川3) Although badly hurt in the accident，the driver was able to make a phone call.A.stillB.evenC.alsoD.ever答案 A解析 句意为：尽管在事故中受重伤，但司机还能打电话。althoughyet/still用以表达“尽管，但还是”，属于让步状语从句的范畴。16.(08四川15) A cough is usually nothing to worry about unless it lasts for ten days .A.or moreB.insteadC.at mostD.only答案 A解析 句意为：只要不持续10天或更长，通常咳嗽是没有什么可担心的。A项意为“更多”，B项意为“相反”，C项意为“至多”，D项意为“仅仅”。17.(08浙江3) I like this jacket better than that one， but it costs almost three times_ .A. as much B. as many C. so much D. so many答案 A解析 空白处补充完整为as much as that one costs。18.(08浙江12) There are plenty of jobs _ in the western part of the country.A. present B. availableC. preciousD. convenient答案 B解析 available意为“可得到的，可利用的”。句意为：在这个国家的西部地区，有很多工作可找。19.(08浙江18) Running a company is not _ a matter of hiring people they also need to be trained.A. simply B. partly C. seriously D. equally答案 A解析 句意为：经营一家公司不仅仅是雇用工人的问题他们也需要被培训。故选A项。20.(08福建26) In spite of repeated wrongs done to him，he looks to people greeting him.A.friendlyB.livelyC.worriedD.cold答案 A解析 in spite of是解题的关键词，“尽管反复被冤枉，他看起来还是”，由此排除C、D两项；friendly友好的；lively活泼的，根据题意可知选A项。21.(08辽宁30) It looks like the weather is changing for _ . Shall we stick to our plan?A. the worseB. worseC. the worstD. worst答案 A解析 句意为：看上去好像天气在变坏。我们还要不要坚持我们的计划？change for the worse变坏，恶化，是固定短语。22.(08江苏30) It is to spend money on preventing illnesses by promoting healthy living rather than spending it trying to make people after they are ill.A.good;goodB.well;betterC.better;betterD.better;good答案 C解析 由句意可知，两处空白均表示两者的比较，故用比较级。23.(08山东33) Would it be for you to pick me up at four oclock and take me to the airport?A.freeB.vacantC.handyD.convenient答案 D解析 句意为：4点钟你来接我再送我去机场方便吗？free自由的；vacant未被占用的；handy手边的，附近的；convenient便利的，方便的。2004-07年高考题A组1.(07全国10) Speaking of all the songs he has written， I think this is probably hisone. A.better-knownB.well-knownC.best-knownD.most-known答案 C解析 well-known的比较级与最高级为better-known与best-known，因提到在他所写的所有的歌曲中，这可能是最好的，因此此处应用最高级。2.(07北京27)He has made a lot of films，but are good ones.A.anyB.someC.fewD.many答案 C解析 由but可知此处应表示否定意义，故只有C项符合题意。3.(07天津9)A newbus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago.A.normalB.usualC.regularD.common答案 C解析 句意为：两个月前天津机场开始实施了一项新的正规的公共汽车服务。normal正常的;usual通常的;regular有规律的，固定的，正规的，common普遍的，常见的。4.(07上海44)John was dismissed last week because of hisattitude towards his job. A.informalB.casual C.determinedD.earnest答案 B解析 A项“非正式的”；B项“漠不关心的”；C项“有决心的，坚决的”；D项“认真的”。由句意可知B项正确。5.(07江西30)The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tastedif it had been put in the fridge for a little while.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.well答案 B解析 本题考查形容词的比较级。由后半句信息可知用比较级形式，表示“尝起来味道更好”。6.(07湖北21)This magazine is verywith young people，who like its content and style.A.familiarB.popularC.similarD.particular答案 B解析 be popular with受的欢迎。句意为:这份杂志非常受年轻人的欢迎，他们很喜欢它的内容及风格。7.(07湖北30)Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature，thus creating a environment.A.peacefulB.sensitiveC.commonD.stable答案 D解析 A项“平静的”；B项“敏感的”；C项“共同的”；D项“稳定的”。句意为:水能吸收和放出许多热量，这在温度上没有大的变化，因而就创造出了一个稳定的环境。8.(07湖南35)There is an old proverb，“Love me，love my dog.” But there iswisdom in this:“Love me，love my book.”A.someB.muchC.moreD.most答案 C解析 本句对前后两句谚语进行比较，得出后一句谚语更有智慧的结论。事实上第二句是一个省略的比较结构，完整的句子为：But there is wisdom in this than that.。9.(07四川31)Of the two coats，Id choose theone to spare some money for a book.A.cheapestB.cheaperC.more expensiveD.most expensive答案 B解析 根据to spare some money for a book可知，我想选更便宜点的，且在两件大衣中选择，因此应用比较级。10.(07福建34)Do you need any help，Lucy?Yes.The job isI could do myself.A.less thanB.more thanC.no more thanD.not more than答案 B解析 本题考查形容词比较级的用法。less than少于，亚于；more than多于，超过；no more than只不过;not more than至多，不多于。句意为：这工作超出了我力所能及的范围。more than后接带有情态动词的从句，指“（某事）超出了的范围”，符合题意。11.(07山东31)It is not sociallyfor parents to leave children unattended at that age.A.accessibleB.adorableC.adaptableD.acceptable答案 D解析 A项“可进入的”;B项“值得崇拜的”;C项“能适应的”;D项“可接受的”。由句意可知，D项正确。12.(06全国32)and happy，Tony stood up and accepted the prize.A.SurprisingB.SurprisedC.Being surprisedD.To be surprising答案 B解析 本题考查形容词短语在句中作状语的用法。surprising令人惊奇的，多用来描述一件事或某个物品的性质；surprised感到惊奇的，多用来描述人的心理状态；故A、D两项可排除；C项从语 义上讲多用来指正在发生的动作，从语法上讲多在句中作原因状语，与此时情景不符。故B项正确，为形容词短语作伴随状语。13.(06全国14)Did you take enough money with you?No，I neededI thought I would.A.not so much asB.as much asC.much more thanD.much less than答案 C解析 回答说“我没有带足够的钱。”由此可以推断，我需要比我原来想带的更多的钱，因此选C项。14.(06北京21)This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses water and electricity thanmodels.A.less;olderB.less;elderC.fewer;olde