英语诗歌鉴赏.doc

英语诗歌格律判断标准：音步（foot）英语中重读与非重读音节的特殊性组合，一个音步的音节数量可能为两个或三个音节，但不能少于两个或多于三个，而且其中只有一个必须重读。格律（Metre）1. 抑扬格（；）：一个音步由一个非重读音节加上一个重读音节构成。2. 扬抑格（Trochee；the Trochaic Foot）：一个音步由一个重读音节加上一个非重读音节构成。3. 扬抑抑格（Dactyl）：一个音步由一个重读音节加上两个非重读音节构成。4. 抑抑扬格（Anapest;the Anapestic Foot):一个音步由两个非重读音节加上一个重读音节构成。5. 抑扬抑格（Amphibrach;the Amphibrachy Foot）：一个音步由三个音节组成，其中第一、三个音节为非重读音节，第二个音节为重读音节。6. 扬扬格（Spondee):一个音步由两个重读音节构成。7. 抑抑格（Pyrrhic）：一个音步由两个非重读音节构成。The Burial of Sir John Moore at Corunna约翰穆尔爵士的葬礼By Charles Wolfe (17911823)察理沃尔夫蒸馏 译X X / X / X X / XX /Not a drum/ was heard,/ not a fu/neral note,X X / X X / X X / XAs his corse/ to the ram/part we hu/rried;X X / X X / X X / X /Not a sol/dier dischar/ged his fa/rewell shotX X / X X / X X / XOer the grave/ where our he/ro we bu/ried.英雄的遗体被匆匆运抵城堡没有鼓乐没有讣告更没人在他长眠的墓前鸣枪以示告别 X / X X / X X / X /We bu/ried him dar/kly at dead/ of night, X / X X / X / XThe sods/ with our bayo/nets turning;X X / X / X / X /By the stru/ggling moonbeams/ misty lightX X / X / X / XAnd the lan/tern dimly/ burning. 夜深人静四周漆黑一团借着勉强透过迷雾的月光还有那昏暗的油灯我们用刺刀翻开草皮埋葬他Moores dying was long and painful. He had received a cannon ball in the chest, and endured it all with great courage. Not long before the wound he had reprimanded a soldier similarly stricken, saying Come, we must bear these things better, and indeed he followed his own precept.X X / X X / X X / No useless/ coffin en/closed his breast,X X / X X / X / XNor in sheet/ nor in shroud/ we wound him;X X / X X / X / X X /But he lay/ like a wa/rrior taking/ his rest X X / X X / X XWith his mar/tial cloak a/round him. 棺椁盛不下他那撕裂的胸膛 布单不可以裹尸布更不行看！身裹战袍的他犹如躺下休憩的战士 X X / X X / X XFew and short/ were the prayers/ we said, X X / X X / X /And we spoke/ not a word/ of sorrow;X X / X X / X X / X X /But we stead/fastly gazed/ on the face/ that was dead, X X / X X / X X / XAnd we bi/tterly thought/ of the mo/rrow. 悼词只有简短的几句措辞中不带一丝悲伤可当我们虔诚地凝神注视那逝者的面庞明日的酸楚不禁油然而生X / X X / X X / X /We thought/, as we ho/llowed his na/rrow bed X / X X / X / XAnd smoothed/ down his/ lonely/ pillow, X X / X X / X X / X X /That the foe/ and the stran/ger would tread/ oer his head, X X / X / X X / X And we far/ away/ on the bi/llow! 我们一边为孤独的英雄挖出一张狭小的床抚平他的枕头一边在想当我们乘风破浪远航时敌人和不知情的人会来践踏英雄的头颅 / X X X / X X / X X /Lightly/ theyll talk/ of the spi/rit thats gone X / X / X X / XAnd oer/ his cold/ ashes upbraid/ him,- X / X X / X X / X X /But little/ hell reck/, if they let/ him sleep onX X / X X / X X / XIn the grave/ where a Bri/ton has laid/ him. 虽然他尸骨已寒但他们还是会侮辱咒骂这逝去的英灵只要他们能让他在同胞亲手下葬的墓地里安息他会对一切都毫不在意 X / X X / X / X /But half/ of our hea/vy task/ was done X X / X X / X / XWhen the clock/ struck the hour/ for retiring:X X / X / X X / X /And we heard/ the dis/tant and ran/dom gun X X / X / X X / XThat the foe/ was su/llenly fi/ring. 刚刚艰难地挖了一半撤退的时间到了远处传来零星的炮声那是敌人战败后愤懑的报复 / X X / X X / X /Slowly/ and sad/ly we laid/ him down, X X / X X / X X / XFrom the field/ of his fame/ fresh and go/ry; X / X X / X X / X X /We carved/ not a line/, and we raised/ not a stone, X X / X X / X X / XBut we left/ him alone/ with his glo/ry. 从这片他溅满鲜血留下英名的热土上我们满怀悲愤小心翼翼地将他抬起再放好没有为他树一块石碑更没有刻下一句墓志铭但他的光辉事迹将永载史册整首诗的节奏基本为三步抑抑扬格。前四节诗诗歌笼罩在悲伤、沉重的氛围中，但字里行间都透露出士兵们对穆尔将军的敬重与爱戴。第四节诗最后一句“And we bitterly thought of the morrow”转折，将军死后一幕幕酸楚景象油然而生：英雄已逝，但他却仍不能安息。敌人和不知情的人会践踏他的头颅，仍会辱骂这逝去的英灵。第七节诗又以一个“But”转折，表达了士兵们对这位英雄人物的不舍，以及对他光辉事迹的肯定。