大学英语六级翻译翻译考点.doc

大学英语六级翻译考点虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词有： 表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg 表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote 表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order 表示“主张”的：maintain, urge 表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist 1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. 2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news. 3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时，他说“剃刀和水就行了”。) 但注意：在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气. 8.she insists that she is right. 9.she insisted that I should finish the work at once. 或者说，suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 10.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.主语从句中的虚拟语气 一、“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that”结构中的虚拟语气 在形如“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that”结构中，使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should 动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形（美国英语中省去should） 常用的形容词：* natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)* necessary (必须的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), urgent (急迫的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的)* probable (很可能的), possible (可能的)* desirable (极好的)advisable（合理的），compulsory（必须的），crucial（紧急的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），incredible（惊人的），necessary（必要的），possible（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（紧迫的）。 常用的过去分词(Past Participle):* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的), desired (要求)* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)* ordered (命令) 1. It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.(necessary, should + have) (表示有需要去散步) 2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary, should + make) (表示有必要事先做好准备) 3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.(required, should + smoke) (表示要求不要在此抽烟) 4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand therule of school.(important, should + be) (表示重要的是学生都能了解校规) 5. Its important that we (should) take good care of the patient.(important, should + take) (表示重要的是照顾好病人) 在It is 名词that的主语从句中的虚拟语气 在It is 名词that的主语从句中，常用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词 有：advice ，decision ，desire ，demand ，idea，motion ，order，pity ，preference ，proposal，recommendation ， requirement，resolution，shame，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。 、It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad我建议派他去国外进一步学习。）、表示与现在事实相反的情况。其句子结构为： 从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + 主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ 例： 1.If I were you, I would go with him. 2.If the weather were fine, I would go there. 如果天气好，我去那儿。（事实天气不好） 3.If I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话，我再读一遍。（事实上我不是你） 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。其句子结构为： 从句：If + 主语+ had +过去完成式动词+ 主句：主语+ would (should, could, might) + have +过去完成式动词+ 例如: 、If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误。（事实上你没有听我的劝告） 、I shouldnt have been able to write such good novels if I hadnt lived among the peasants for five years.如果我不是和农民生活了五年，就不可能写出这样好的小说。（事实上我和农民生活了五年） 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(对将来的事实实现的可能性不大)。其句子结构为： 从句：If + 主语+ should (或were) + 动词原形+ 主句：主语+ would (could, should, might) + 动词原形+ 例如： 、If I were to work at this problem, I would do it in another way.要是我来解这道难题，我会用另外一种方法的。 、If you were to do such a thing again, you would be punished. 如果你再做这样的事情，就会受到惩罚。 、If I should work harder, I could make much more progress.假如我更努力学习的话，我会取得更大的进步。(事实上我不可能努力学习) 比较结构考点考点一： 原级比较一般用 as as ; not as as ; the same as 特殊结构 A is to B what / as X is Y ; A+倍数或几分之几 as + adj. / adv. + as +B. The work is not as difficult as you think.Air is to us as water is to fish. 我们与空气的关系就像鱼和水的关系。This book is twice as thick as that one.考点二：比较级常用结构 A + 比较级 + than + B 特殊结构：the more the more (越越)； more and more （越来越）This question is less difficult than that question. (比较对象为彼此独立的人或事物)Iron is more useful than any other metal. (比较对象具有所属关系, 有最高级含义)The city is becoming more and more beautiful. 考点三：以拉丁文-ior结尾的含有比较意义的形容词后接to 而不是than，(参见形容词部分) 这些词是：superior, inferior , senior , junior , major , minor, anterior, prior, posterior He is three years senior to me. This type of computer is superior to that type.考点四：最高级用于三者以上的事物之间的比较。比较的范围表示地方用介词in; 表示所属关系和人物比较用介词 of。( 即the +最高级in /of ) The Yangtze River is the longest river in China, but it is the third longest river in the world.The youngest member of the family is most successful.Of all forms of energy, electricity is most widely used.考点五：在 more than 结构中，than 有时可看作关系代词，相当于than what。This hotel is far more luxurious than is necessary. There are more wonders in heaven and earth than are dreamt of. 天地间的奇迹比人们所梦想的要多得多。The medicine is more effective than is expected.考点六：英语中有一小部分表示绝对意义的形容词没有比较级和最高级。如：dead, deaf, empty, total, whole, perfect, complete, right, wrong, equal, daily false, finalabsolute, alone, round, pregnant, square, supreme, unique, straight, eternal, unanimous 考点七：几组由 “more than ；more than” 和“no / not 比较级”等组成的固定结构及其含义 more than 意为：“不仅仅是，非常，十分”等，用法和意义较多more than 意为：“与其说不如说，不是而是”What we are doing today is more than donating some money.今天我们所做的不只是捐一些钱。Their action was more than justified. 他们的行动是完全有理由的。He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar.这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书，不如说是一本词典。no more than 强调少，意为“只有，不过，仅仅”not more than 客观叙述，意为“不超过” He has no more than five dollars on him.他身上仅有5美元。（强调少）He has not more than five dollars on him.他身上带的钱不超过仅有5美元。（强调数额少于5美元）no more than 意为“A与B都不；不，也不”not more than 表示程度上的差异He is no more diligent than you. 他不勤奋，你也不勤奋。（两人都不勤奋）He is not more diligent than you.他没有像你那样勤奋。（两人都勤奋，但你更勤奋）no less than = as much as 意为：“竟有之多，多达”，强调多not less than 意为“不少于，至少”，为客观的描述no less than 前后均为肯定，意为：“正是，和一样, 多达，应有之多”His son has read no less than 50 English books.他的儿子竟然读了50本英文书。（强调多）His son has read not less than 50 English books.他的儿子读了不少于50本英文书。（不强调多或少）The middle-aged man was no less a person than the new minister.这位中年人正是新来的部长。Her voice is no less sweet than it used to be. 她的歌声和以前一样甜美。考点八: 英语中关于倍数的常见表达法1.倍数 + 单位名词N + of 其中N表示比较的内容，如：weight, size, age等This room is three times the size of that one.2.倍数 + what-clauseThey turn out 400 kinds of products with a total value more than 40 times what it was in 1980. 3.倍数 + that / those of = as much as His weight is three times that of mine.4.倍数 + as as This room is three times as large as that one. 5.倍数 + more + than This room is three times larger than that one.6.fold From 1980-1990, Danube shipping increased more than sixfold.英语从属连词用法分类详解 1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词(1) 表示“当时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的 when, while, as, whenever：He jumped up when the phone rang. 电话铃响时他吓了一跳。We listened while the teacher read. 老师朗读时我们听着。The phone rang just as I was leaving. 我正要离开，电话铃就响了起来。(2) 表示“在之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after：Turn the lights off before you leave. 离开前请关灯。He started the job soon after he left the university. 他大学毕业后就开始做这份工作。(3) 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till：He has lived here since he got married. 他结婚后就一直住在这儿。Most men worked until till theyre 65. 大多数男人工作到65岁。(4) 表示“一就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no soonerthan, hardlywhen等：Tell him the news as soon as you see him. 你一见到他就把这消息告诉他。I recognized her the moment (that) I saw her. 我一看到她就认出她来了。I want to see him the minute (that) he arrives. 他一到来我就要见他。I went home directly I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了。Once he arrives, we can start. 他一来我们就可以开始。(5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)：Last time I saw him, he looked ill. 上次我见到他的时候，他好像有病。Next time youre in London come and visit us. 你下次来伦敦过来探望我们。Do look me up next time youre in London. 你下次到伦敦来，一定来找我。Every time I call on him, he is out. 我每次去访问他，他都不在。You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。【注】every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。 2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词这类连词主要有if, unless, as so long as, in case 等：If anyone calls tell them Im not at home. 要是有人打电话来，就说我不在家。You will fail unless you work hard. 你若不努力就会失败。As So long as you need me, Ill stay. 只要你需要我，我就留下。In case I forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘记，请提醒我一下。【注】在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)：If you will wait a moment, Ill fetch the money. 请等一下，我就去拿钱。3. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等：We used the computer in order that we might save time. 我们使用计算机是为了节约时间。Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 说清楚，以便让他们能明白你的意思。Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. 安静些，免得把婴儿吵醒。He is working hard for fear he should fail. 他努力工作以免会失败。 4. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要的有so that, sothat, suchthat等：Were all here now, so that the meeting can begin at last. 我们现在都到齐了，终于能开会了。 Its so difficult a question that none of us can answer it. 那是一个很难的问题，我们没有一个人能回答。He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗户用力很大，结果玻璃震破了。【注】so that 中的that在口语中通常可以省略。 5. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等：He couldnt got to school because he had a cold. 他因患感冒而未能去上学。Since everybody is here, lets begin our discussion. 大家都到了，我们就开始吧。Seeing that it is 8 oclock, well wait no longer. 由于时间已到8点，我们将不再等了。Now that you are here, youd better stay. 你既然来了，最好还是留下吧。 6. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等：Although Though he is poor, he is well contented. 他虽穷却能知足常乐。Though Even though its hard work, I enjoy it. 尽管是苦活，但我乐意干。Even if you dont like wine, try a glass of this. 即使你不喜欢喝酒，也尝尝这杯吧。While we dont agree ,we continue to be friends. 尽管我们意见不同，但我们还是朋友。However you use it, it wont break. 不管你怎么使用，它都不会破。Whatever you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。Whoever telephones, tell them Im out. 不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。Whenever you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。However much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少, 他都不发胖。7. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词主要的有as, like, as if, as though, the way等：Do it as like he does. 像他那样做。He behaved as if nothing had happened. 他装作若无其事的样子。They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. 没有人像我这样爱你。 8. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要的有where, wherever, everywhere等：There were lots of parks where I lived. 我住的地方有许多公园。Sit wherever you like. 你想坐在那儿就坐在那儿。Everywhere they went, they were warmly welcomed. 他们每到一个地方都受到热烈欢迎。 9. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词主要的有than和asas：Its easier than I thought. 这比我想像的要容易。They are as often wrong as they are right. 他们错对各半。 10. 引导名词性从句的从属连词主要的有that, if, whether：It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。Your greatest fault is that you are careless. 你最大的缺点是粗心大意。Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。She didnt say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。