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名词复数的规则变化1. 绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 例：friend friends cat cats sport sports style styles piecepieces2. 凡是以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 例：bus buses fox foxes match matches flash flashes3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 city cities country countries factory factories 4. 以f、fe结尾的，把f、fe变为v，再加es，如：half halves knife knivesleaf leaves wolf wolves wife wives life lives thief thieves；5. 以o结尾的名词，变复数时：可以简单地记成有生活的要加es。加es，如：potato potatoestomato tomatoes hero heroes 加e，如：photo photospiano pianos radio radioszoo zoos；动词第三人称单数的变化规则（加-s或-es）1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies动词加ing的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting take-taking 3双写最后一个字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping swim-swimming4 以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing，如：die-dying, lie-lying 动词过去式变化规则1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是不发音的字母e，加d，如：taste-tasted3双写最后一个字母再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied形容词比较级的构成1. 直接在单词末尾加-er，如old-older, young-younger; 2. 以e结尾只加-r，如nice-nicer;3. 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er， 如big-bigger, thin-thinner;4. 以辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i，再加-er，如heavy-heavier;5. 其它不规则变化，如：goodbetter数词的变换 基数词 序数词 表次数1. one first once 2. two second twice3. three third three times4. five fifth four times5. eight eighth6. nine ninth 7. twelve twelfth 8. twenty twentieth 国家变为形容词或国人的转换Australia-Australian Africa-AfricanAmerica-American Asia-AsianCanada-CanadianChina- ChineseEngland- English/ EnglishmanEurope-EuropeanFrance- French/ FrenchmanIndia- IndianItaly- ItalianJapan- JaneseMexico- MexicanRussia- Russian (复数变化规则：中日不变，英法变，其余加s )动词名词 表示人-er:beginner,builder, buyer, cleaner, dancer, driver, farmer, keeper, killer, listening, owner, player, printer, runner, swimmer, speaker, seller, teacher, traveller, winner, worker, writer-or: actor, creator, inventor, operator,sailor, visitor动词过去分词为形容词：break-broken, close-closed, lose-lost , marry- married, worry- worried动词现在分词和过去分词为形容词：excite-exciting-excitedinterest-interesting-intestedsurprise-surprisingsurpriedtire-tiringtiredbore -boringboredrelax-relaxingrelaxedmove movingmoved名词转换成形容词beauty-beautifulcolour-colourfuldifference -differentdanger-dangerousenergy - energeticfriend-friendlyunfriendly-friendshipfunfunnyhealth-healthy-unhealthy-healthilyimportance-importantluck - lucky luckily-unluckyhistory - historic/historicatradition-traditional-traditionally person - -personal-(名词) personality个性nationnationalinternational nature natural physics-physicalweek weekly gold -golden wood-wooden month -monthly salt salty有关天气的词cloud-cloudy, rain rainy, sunsunny, snow snowy, windwindy, storm - stormy有关方位的词: easteastern, west western, south southern, northnorthern名词转换成名词art-artist, music-musician, science-scientist, tour-tourist, piano-pianist, library - librarian形容词转换成名词happy -happiness-(副词) happily-(反义词)unhappy foreign - foreigner busybusiness, freefreedom, ill illness, safe-safety-(副词)safely sad sadnesssadly strange stranger true - truth (副词)trulykind kindness否定前缀dis-:dislike, disagree, dishonest, disappear, disadvantage im-:impossible,impolite,impersonal, imperfectin- : informal, incorrect un- : unusual , unhappy, unfriend, uncomfortable, unhealthy, unlucky, unlikely, uncertain ir-: irregular 否定后缀：-less useless, careless, helpless,hopeless, homeless, countless
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