国际贸易实务第七单元Packing.ppt

国际贸易实务双语教程 INTERNATIONALBusinessPractice Review Whatarethemeasuringunitsusuallyusedinourcountry MethodsofCalculatingWeight Exercises Chapter7Packing Weight 重量 Number 个数 MeasuringUnits Length 长度 Area 面积 Volume 体积 Capacity 容积 Package 包件 1 WeightCalculation 重量的计算 1 ByGrossWeight 按毛量 2 ByNetWeight 按净重 3 ConditionedWeight 公量 4 TheoreticalWeight 理论重量 5 LegalWeight 法定重量 2 MoreorLessClause 溢短装条款 Chapter7Packing Packing inbusinesspractice isoneofthemostimportantproblemsthatconfrontthemerchantsengagedinforeigntrade Itneedsmorecareinexporttradethandomestictrade Therealartofpackingistogetthecontentsintonice compactshapethatwillstayinperfectconditionwithnothingmissingduringtheroughestjourney Introduction SectionOneThefunctionofPacking 3PracticalsuggestionsforpackingmethodsP133 1ProblemsinTransport P131 2PurposeofPacking P132 1ProblemsinTransport 2PurposeofPacking 3Practicalsuggestionsforpackingmethods SectionTwoKinds typesofPacking Thekindsofcargoesarevariousininternationaltrade fromtheviewpointofwhethertheyneedpacking theyfallintothreekinds NudeCargo 裸装货 BulkCargo 散装货 PackedCargo 包装货 Nudecargoesornudepackedcommoditiesrefertothosekindsofcargoeswhosequalitiesaremorestableandtobeshippedwithoutanypackagesorinsimplebundles Theyarenoteasytobeinfluencedbyoutsidecircumstancesandtheybecomesinglepiecesoftheirown Theyaredifficulttobepackedordonotneedanypacking suchassteelproducts leadingot timber rubber automobile etc NudeCargo 2 CargoinBulk BulkCargo Cargoinbulkrefertothosegoodswhichareshippedorevensoldwithoutpackagesontheconveyanceinbulk suchasoil ore grain coal etc Bulkshipmentisusuallyapplicableforlargequantityofcommoditiesthataretobeshippedbymeansoftransportwithspecialpurposedshippingequipment Bulkshipmenthastheadvantagesofspacesaving quickhandlingandlowerfreight PackedCargo Mostofcommoditiesininternationaltradeneedcertaindegreeofpackingduringtheshipping storingandsalesprocess Packedcargoesrefertothosewhichneedshippingpacking marketingpackingorboth PackingContainers Barrel PackingContainers PackingContainers PackingContainers PackingContainers PackingContainers PackingContainers PackingContainers Transport ShippingPackingandSales MarketingPacking 运输包装和销售包装 1 Transport shipping outerpacking 运输包装 2 Sales MarketingPacking 销售包装 3 NeutralPacking 中性包装 Thetwokindsofshippingpacking 1 Singlepiecepacking 单件运输包装 P137 2 Collectivepacking 集合运输包装 P137 Thecargoesarepackedasasingleunit i e ameasuringunit inthetransportationprocess Singlepiecepackingcanbesub dividedintothefollowingtwokinds Accordingtostyle cases drums bags bales bundles etc Accordingtomaterial cartons woodencases irondrums woodencasks plasticcasks paperbags gunnybags plasticbags etc 1 Singlepiecepacking 单件运输包装 P137 Collectivepackingisalsocalledgroupshippingpackingbywhichacertainnumberofsinglepiecesaregroupedtogethertoformabigpackingorarepackedinabigcontainer Collectivepackingcanbeclassifiedinto 2 Collectivepacking 集合运输包装 P137 Flexiblecontainer 集装包和集装袋 Container 集装箱 Pallet 托盘 P137 138 Brandsdesignatedbythebuyer referstothepackingthatthegoodsshouldbepackedaccordingtothetrademarksandbrandsbythebuyer Astothegoodstobeorderedregularlyinlargequantitiesforalongtimebyforeigncustomers inordertoexpandsales wecanaccepttrademarksdesignatedbybuyerswithindicatingthemarkofthemanufacturingcountry thatis theneutralpackingwithbrandsdesignatedbythebuyers Sometimeswemayaccepttrademarksorbrandsdesignatedbybuyersfromforeigncountries butunderthetrademarksandbrands weindicate MadeinthePeople sRepublicofChina or MadeinChina Insomeothercases wemayacceptthedesignatedtrademarksorbrandsandatthesametime underthetrademarksorbrandsweindicatethatthegoodsaremadebyafactoryinthebuyer scountry i e trademarksorbrandsandoriginsdesignatedbythebuyers SectionThreeMarkingofPackage包装标志 ClassificationofMarkingPackage包装标志的分类 Whentalkingabouttransportpacking thepackingmark ormarkingofpackage ofcoursehastobereferredto Packingmarkorrecognitionmarkreferstodifferentdiagrams wordsandfigureswhicharewritten printed orbrushedontheoutsideoftheshippingpackinginorderthatitiseasyandconvenientforgoods loading unloading store inspectionanddischarge Packageshouldnotbemarkedwithcrayons tagsorcard Thebestmethodofmarkingistostencilthemarksontheoutsideofthepackage Someexporterspaintthemarkswithabrushandindelibleink Allinall markshouldbepermanentandeasilyreadataglance Accordingtotheusesofthepackingmark itcanbedividedinto 1 ShippingMarks 运输标志 2 IndicativeMarks 指示性标志 3 WarningMarks 警告性标志 4 Supplementary orAdditional Marks 附加标志 Shippingmarksaremarksofsimpledesigns someletters numbersandsimplewordsonpackages oftenstenciled thatserveasidentificationoftheconsignmenttowhichtheybelong Itisoneofthemostimportantelementswhichareagreedonbytheexporterandtheimporterinasalescontract Theshippingmarkconsistsof 1 ShippingMarks 运输标志 Nameorcodeofdestination Codeofconsigneeorconsignor Piecenumber serialnumber contractnumberorlicensenumber Simpleshippingmarksaregenerallymadeupoffourparts 1 Consignee scode 2 Consignor scode 3 NameorcodeofDestination 4 Packagenumber piecenumber Weusuallymakeuseofthesimple noticeabledesign remarkablediagramsandsimplewordsonthepackagestoremaintherelativeworkersoftheitemsforattentionwhentheyload unload carryandstorethegoods suchas HANDLEWITHCARE THISSIDEUP SeeFig 7 3 etc Printedinblackcolorgenerally 2 IndicativeMarks 指示性标志 P143 Thewarningmarkisalsocalleddangerouscargomarkorshippingmarkfordangerouscommodities whichisbrushed printedclearlyanddefinitelyontheshippingpackingoftheinflammable explosive poisonous corrosiveorradioactivegoods soastogivewarningstotheworkers dockers crew 3 WarningMarks 警告性标志 Warningmarksareusuallymadeupofsimplegeometricaldiagrams worddescriptionsandparticularpictures astowhich everycountryusuallyhasitsownstipulation P144 Supplementarymarksareanyofficialmarksrequiredbyauthorities Somecountriesrequirethecountryoforigintobemarkedoneverypackage andweightanddimensionsmayalsoberequired 4 Supplementary orAdditional Marks 附加标志 Packingtermsinthecontractareextremelyimportantfortheexporter Theyareoftenwritteninthisway Goodsmustbepackedin Sometimesthebuyermayasktheexportertopackthegoodsinhisdesign Ifhisrequirementscanbemetbyyou youcanaccepthisterms Otherwise trytopersuadethebuyertoadoptyourownortraditionalpackinginstead Sometimesneutralpackingisoffered Stencilthemarksonthetwofaces sides frontandbackside ontheouterpackage Shippingmark Originalmark PackageMark 运输标志的构成 目的地的名称或代号 收货人和发货人的代号 件号 批号 合同号或许可证号 收货人目的港整批货物600件中的第一件合同号 三角形的运输标志整批货物总共600件 常用指示性标志 滑动开门滑动开门推开拉开SLIDESLIDEPUSHPULL WATERPROOFTHISSIDEUPFRANGIBLENOHOOKS防潮此端朝上易碎品禁用钩 WARNINGMARKS 警告性标志 当心火灾 易燃物质当心火灾 氧化物当心爆炸 爆炸性物质 Exercises Fillintheblankswithwhatyouhavelearned 1 包装标志包括 2 运输包装的主要作用在于 防止在储存 运输和装卸过程中发生货损货差 3 国际上通用的包装上的条形码有两种 一种是用美国 加拿大组织的统一编码委员会编制 其使用的物品标识符号为 码 另一种是欧共体的欧洲物品编码协会编制 其使用的物品标识符号为 码 4 中性包装包括 和 5 运输包装上的标志按其用途可分为 和 6 联合国欧洲经济委员会简化国际贸易程序工作组向各国推荐的标准运输标志包括四项内容 和 TrueorFalse 1 国际贸易中 如一方违反合同的包装条款 另一方只能提出损害赔偿 但无权拒收货物 2 销售包装的主要作用在于保护商品 以防在储运过程中发生货损货差 3 包装标识包括运输标志 指示性标志和警告性标志 在买卖合同及有关运输单据中 对上述三种标志的内容都应做出明确规定 4 中性包装的使用主要是为了避免一些关税及非关税壁垒 5 运输包装上的标志就是指运输标志 也就是通常所说的唛头 6 我国从日本进口货物 如按FOB条件成交 需由我方派船到日本口岸接货 如按CIF条件成交 则由日本租船舶和将货物运往中国港口 可见 我方按FOB进口承担的货物运输风险 比按CIF进口承担的风险大 7 买卖合同中一般均应该规定运输标志 指示性标志 警告性标志 CaseStudy OneChineseexportcompanyexportedsomegoodstoCanada valuedat 800000 Thecontractstatedthatitshouldbepackedinplasticbags markswithEnglishandFrenchoneachitem ButtheChinesecompanyusedotherpackaginginsteadintheactualdelivery andstillusedonlyEnglishmarks Theforeignmerchant inordertoadapttotherequirementsofthelocalmarketandsales hiredpeopletochangethepackingandshippingmarks ThenheaskedforclaimagainsttheChinesecompany TheChinesecompanyrecognizedsomethingwrong socompensatedthecustomer Question Trytoanalysethecase Answer Atpresent manycountriesmaderegulationsaboutpackagingandlabelingforcommoditiessoldinthemarketandtheimportedgoodsmustconformtotheregulations orelsetheywillbeprohibitedforimportorsaleinthemarket Labelisasignwhichisattachedonthegoodsorpackagingreferringtothecountry manufacturer nameofgoods goodscomponents qualitycharacteristics usemethod etc Inmakingthesalespackagelabel weshouldpayattentiontotherelevantstateregulationsfortheadministrationofthelabel Somedevelopedcountriesoftenavailoftheseregulationsasmeansofimportrestrictionswhichshouldcauseenoughattention Forexample intheEuropeanUnion therehasaseriesofmerchandise basiccontentiscommodityitselforpackagingmustwithcorrecttagsthatcanbefullyread andunderstandable Fromthisperspective thesellerfailedtostrictly accordingtocontract performprescribedpackingconditionswhichshallbedeemedtobetheobligationtoabreachofcontract Ourcompanyhastwofaults oneischangingpackagingmaterials althoughthequalityofgoodsitselfisnotaffected theanotherfaultisthatthemarkisnotstipulatedaccordingtothecontract duetotheproducts belongingtotheFrencharea thefillingisofteninFrench Anyhow inordertosuccessfullyexport wemustunderstandandadapttothespecialrequirementsofdifferentstateregulations inordertoreduceunnecessarytrouble AnAustraliancompanydealtwithusincottonformanyyears Onedaytheysentusacoat sayingthatthecoatwasasamplemadebyagarmentfactorywithourdyeingclothunderourexportcontract Itwassaidthatthetwosleevesofthesamplecoathadobviousdifference provingthatthesupplyqualitycolorofourendwasbadandcouldn tbeused Theyrequestedtoreturnallthegarmentssewnandmakeanotherdeliveryofthesamequalityandquantityasbeingstipulatedinthecontract Question So howshouldwereply Why Answer Wehavenothingtodowiththecaseandshallrefusecompensation Reasonsare 1 Thecontractorhasdeliveredthecottontotheclothesvendorsandthatmeansanacceptanceofourgoods Whoeverhasacceptedthegoods thebuyerhaslosttherightofreturnandrequirementsofthereplacementgoods 2 Article82oftheUnitedNationsConventiononContractsoftheInternationalSalesofGoodsstipulates ifthebuyercannotreturnthegoodsthatisaccordingtotheactualreceipt helosttherightofreturnandrequirementsofthereplacementgoods BritishMooreCompanywiththeconditionofCIF boughtfromLanTuocompany300casesofcannedfruitinAustralia Thecontractwithaprovisionreads Packedincarton 30tinsineachcarton Itwasfoundthat150casesthatthesellerdeliveredwere30tinsineachcarton therestwere24tinsperbox Thebuyerrefusedthegoodswhilethesellerarguedthat30tinsperboxisnotanimportantpartofthecontract andwiththequality nomatteritwas30or24tinsperbox itwascorrespondtothecontract squalityrequirement therefore thebuyershouldaccept Question Pleaseanalysethecase Answer Thelawinsomecountriesdividesthesaleintotwocategories salebysampleandsalebyillustration Thelatterincludesaverywidescope notonlyinvolvesgoodsqualityissues alsoincludingquantity eveninthecontractonshipment packagingandgoodswiththestatement AccordingtotheBritishbusinesslaw allthe explanation itemsaretheelementsofthecontract Iftheyareviolated thebuyerisentitledtotherejectionofthegoodsandmaylodgeaclaim Inthiscase theBritishlawbelievesthatpackagingbelongsto explanation partthatisvitalandsincethesellermadeabreachofcontract thebuyerhadreasonstorefuseallthegoods andalsocouldacceptthepartfulfillingthatarewiththeprovisionsandrejectingtherestandclaimfordamages Exercise PleasefinishtheexerciseinthetextbookCaseStudy Pleasereadyourcasebook